Unit 7 Evolution

Question 1

behavioral reproduction isolation

Answer 1

animals have different courting rituals

Question 2

gametic reproductive isolation

Answer 2

animals have incompatible sperm and egg

Question 3

vestigial structure in humans

Answer 3

tail bone

Question 4

Malthus theory

Answer 4

potential for population growth exceeds a carrying capacity

Question 5

Darwin’s theory

Answer 5

natural selection

Question 6

what does natural selection favor

Answer 6

physical expression of genes, phenotype

Question 7

sedimentary rock

Answer 7

the type of rock fossils are found in

Question 8

analogous structure

Answer 8

structures with the same function but different evolutionary origins
ex. dolphin and shark

Question 9

artificial selection

Answer 9

the selective breeding of domesticated plants/animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits
ex. dogs

Question 10

adaptive radiation

Answer 10

period of evolutionary change In which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to feel different ecological roles in their communities

Question 11

allopathic speciation

Answer 11

the formation of a new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another

Question 12

convergent evolution

Answer 12

the evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages

Question 13

directional selection

Answer 13

natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successful than do other individuals

Question 14

disruptive selection

Answer 14

Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes

Question 15

homologous structures

Answer 15

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry

Question 16

Heterozygote advantage

Answer 16

Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygous

Question 17

Genetic drift

Answer 17

If process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequency’s from one generation to the next
ex. smaller populations

Question 18

Natural selection

Answer 18

The process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others because of the traits

Question 19

Sympatric speciation

Answer 19

The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Question 20

Stabilizing selection

Answer 20

Natural selection in which intermediate phenotype survivor reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes

Question 21

sexual selection

Answer 21

If form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than others to obtain mates

Question 22

habitat isolation

Answer 22

two Species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely
ex. not physical barriers

Question 23

temporal isolation

Answer 23

Species that breed during different times of the day, different seasons, or different years can’t mix their gametes

Question 24

mechanical isolation

Answer 24

Mating is attempted, but morphological differences prevent successful completion
ex. parts don’t fit

Question 25

fitness is measured by

Answer 25

the amount of offspring that are produced from generation to generation

Question 26

define/list all the things natural selection is based on

Answer 26

- Darwin said evolution was “descent with modification” - natural selection is based on limited resources in nature & thus offspring with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will have more offspring. - depends on environment and existing heritable variation in a group

Question 27

explain Malthus’ theory and what Darwin took from it.

Answer 27

Malthus: population growth would always overpower food supply growth, creating hunger/disease Darwin: considered malthus theory of struggle saying that some individuals were better equipped to survive

Question 28

modern day theory of evolution

Answer 28

- the change of gene frequencies in the gene pool of a population - held together by gene flow - recessive are subject to mutations and recombination - natural selection favors some - isolation and restriction are necessary for pheno and genotypic isolation

Question 29

define each part of the hardy-weinberg equation

Answer 29

p2+2pq+q2=1 p = A q = a p2 = frequency of the homozygous genotype AA q2 = frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype 2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype

Question 30

conditions needed for a population to be in hardy weinberg equilibrium

Answer 30

- no mutations - random mating - no natural selection - large population size - no immigration or emigration

Question 31

coevolution

Answer 31

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution

Question 32

divergent evolution

Answer 32

- accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species - usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments

Question 33

exaptations

Answer 33

co-opted for a use other than the one for which natural selection has built it

Question 34

what advantage do people who are heterozygote to sickle cell anemia have when it comes to malaria?

Answer 34

resistant to malaria