Immune System

Question 1

what does the sodium potassium pump do?

Answer 1

expels sodium from the cell

Question 2

the body’s second line of defense is what?

Answer 2

the inflammatory response

Question 3

as the signal transduction pathway progresses

Answer 3

the signal is amplified

Question 4

What’s the first line of defense for the body

Answer 4

skin and mucus membranes

Question 5

what do B lymphocytes do?

Answer 5

they multiply and make antibodies that circulate in the body

Question 6

threshold depolarization is of great significance in neurons because if it’s not reached???

Answer 6

an action potential won’t be activated

Question 7

a type of cell that makes immunizations effective is the?

Answer 7

memory B cell

Question 8

Steroids can enter a cell by simple diffusion. Therefore steroids

Answer 8

can bind directly to DNA

Question 9

Second messengers tend to be both water soluble and small. This accounts for their ability to?

Answer 9

Diffuse within a cell

Question 10

Cells use different signal he strategies to achieve different goals. In hormone signaling….

Answer 10

Hormones are released into the blood so far away cells can be affected

Question 11

What do T lymphocytes do?

Answer 11

They attack infected cells, attack cancer cells, andIs involved in cell mediated immunity

Question 12

A G protein is activated when?

Answer 12

A GTP protein is bound to it

Question 13

A macromolecule produced in the body which recognizes antithetical molecule as “foreign” is a what?

Answer 13

antibody

Question 14

How are neurons adapted to chemically transmit impulses to neighboring neurons?

Answer 14

axon terminals contain vesicles of neurotransmitters

Question 15

An action potential is?

Answer 15

A wave of depolarization of the neuron membrane

Question 16

Testosterone doesn’t affect all cells of the body because?

Answer 16

Not all cells have membrane receptors for testosterone

Question 17

neurotransmitter

Answer 17

released from the synaptic terminal, diffuses across the cleft, binds to the postsynaptic which triggers a response

Question 18

transcription factor

Answer 18

a regulatory protein that binds to to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes

Question 19

secondary messenger

Answer 19

a small, water soluble molecule that relays a signal to the cells INTERIOR in response to a molecule bound by a signal receptor

Question 20

platelet

Answer 20

a cytoplasmic fragment of specialized bone marrow that circulate in the blood, important in blood clotting

Question 21

lymphocyte

Answer 21

a type of white blood cell that mediates immune responses

- b and t cells

Question 22

macrophages

Answer 22

present in many tissues, destroys microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen presenting cell

Question 23

difference between active and passive immunity?

Answer 23

active; is long term memories of a specific pathogen

passive: short term memories of a specific pathogen

Question 24

cell mediated immunity

Answer 24

involves the activation of T cells and defends against infected cells

Question 25

memory B cell

Answer 25

they remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production for future infections

Question 26

killer T cells

Answer 26

kills cancer cells, cells that are infected or damaged

Question 27

action potential

Answer 27

an electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron

Question 28

schwann cell

Answer 28

a type of cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the ax bs of neurons in the nervous system

Question 29

dendrite

Answer 29

a highly branched extension of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons

Question 30

axon terminals

Answer 30

it’s specialized to release a neurotransmitter of the presynaptic cell

Question 31

node of ranvier

Answer 31

a cap in the myelin sheath of certain axons where an action potential may be generated