Immune System Flashcards
what does the sodium potassium pump do?
expels sodium from the cell
the body’s second line of defense is what?
the inflammatory response
as the signal transduction pathway progresses
the signal is amplified
What’s the first line of defense for the body
skin and mucus membranes
what do B lymphocytes do?
they multiply and make antibodies that circulate in the body
threshold depolarization is of great significance in neurons because if it’s not reached???
an action potential won’t be activated
a type of cell that makes immunizations effective is the?
memory B cell
Steroids can enter a cell by simple diffusion. Therefore steroids
can bind directly to DNA
Second messengers tend to be both water soluble and small. This accounts for their ability to?
Diffuse within a cell
Cells use different signal he strategies to achieve different goals. In hormone signaling….
Hormones are released into the blood so far away cells can be affected
What do T lymphocytes do?
They attack infected cells, attack cancer cells, andIs involved in cell mediated immunity
A G protein is activated when?
A GTP protein is bound to it
A macromolecule produced in the body which recognizes antithetical molecule as “foreign” is a what?
antibody
How are neurons adapted to chemically transmit impulses to neighboring neurons?
axon terminals contain vesicles of neurotransmitters
An action potential is?
A wave of depolarization of the neuron membrane
Testosterone doesn’t affect all cells of the body because?
Not all cells have membrane receptors for testosterone
neurotransmitter
released from the synaptic terminal, diffuses across the cleft, binds to the postsynaptic which triggers a response
transcription factor
a regulatory protein that binds to to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes
secondary messenger
a small, water soluble molecule that relays a signal to the cells INTERIOR in response to a molecule bound by a signal receptor
platelet
a cytoplasmic fragment of specialized bone marrow that circulate in the blood, important in blood clotting
lymphocyte
a type of white blood cell that mediates immune responses
- b and t cells
macrophages
present in many tissues, destroys microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen presenting cell
difference between active and passive immunity?
active; is long term memories of a specific pathogen
passive: short term memories of a specific pathogen
cell mediated immunity
involves the activation of T cells and defends against infected cells
memory B cell
they remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production for future infections
killer T cells
kills cancer cells, cells that are infected or damaged
action potential
an electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron
schwann cell
a type of cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the ax bs of neurons in the nervous system
dendrite
a highly branched extension of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons
axon terminals
it’s specialized to release a neurotransmitter of the presynaptic cell
node of ranvier
a cap in the myelin sheath of certain axons where an action potential may be generated
