Osmosis

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

the movement of ions/molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration assisted my enzymes (require energy)

Question 2

passive transport

Answer 2

movement of ions/atoms across a cell membranes W/O the need of energy input

Question 3

diffusion

Answer 3

results in the movement of a substance from a region where it is more concentrated to where it’s less concentrated

Question 4

osmosis

Answer 4

the diffusion of free water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 5

facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

the passage of molecules/ions down their gradient across a membrane w assistance from transport proteins

Question 6

exocytosis

Answer 6

the cellular secretion of molecules by the fusion of vesicles

Question 7

endocytosis

Answer 7

cellular uptake of biological molecules and matter through the fusion of vesticles

Question 8

phagocytosis

Answer 8

a type of endocytosis, large substances & small organisms are taken up by a cell. carried out by some protists & immune cells of amimals

Question 9

pinocytosis

Answer 9

a type of endocytosis, where the cell ingests extracellular fluid and it’s dissolved solutes

Question 10

hypotonic

Answer 10

referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell wall, will cause the cell to take up water

Question 11

hypertonic

Answer 11

cause the cell go loose water

Question 12

isotonic

Answer 12

causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell

Question 13

contractile vacuoles

Answer 13

A membrane sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists

Question 14

amphipathetic

Answer 14

having a hydrophilic & hydrophobic region

Question 15

What is the cell membrane primarily made up of? (3)

Answer 15

• phospholipids
• cholesterol
• proteins

Question 16

the head of a phosphate molecule is what?

Answer 16

hydrophilic

Question 17

the two tails of a fatty acid (phospholipid) are wjat?

Answer 17

hydrophobic

Question 18

What is cholesterol ?

Answer 18

A type of steroid which is helpful in regulating molecules entering and exiting the cell

Question 19

What are integral proteins helpful for?

Answer 19

Transporting large molecules like glue close across the membrane

Question 20

Definition of polar

Answer 20

Means that electrons are not evenly distributed making one side more positively or negatively charged another

Question 21

Definition of non-polar

Answer 21

That electrons are evenly distributed so the molecule is evenly charged across the surface

Question 22

What are peripheral proteins

Answer 22

They don’t extend across the membrane, and can be attached to the ends of integral proteins

Question 23

What are the three main factors that influence cell membrane fluidity?

Answer 23

Temperature, Cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid’s

Question 24

What would happen without cholesterol?

Answer 24

The phospholipids in your cells will start to get closer once cold making it difficult for gases to pass-through, or separate from each other when hot

Question 25

Can small nonpolar molecules pass through the lipid bilayer easily?

Answer 25

Yes they can squeeze through and don’t need proteins for transport and can diffuse across quickly

Question 26

Can small polar molecules, example: water, pass through the lipid Byler?

Answer 26

It’s more difficult because the Byler is hydrophobic tails so it won’t be easy without help and it will happen at a slower pace

Question 27

Can large nonpolar molecules pass through the bilayer?

Answer 27

They can pass through but it will be slow

Question 28

Can large polar molecules pass through the bilayer?

Answer 28

This makes it too difficult to pass through the region without help

Question 29

what is cell eating?

Answer 29

phagocytosis

Question 30

what is cell drinking

Answer 30

pinocytosis

Question 31

extracellular

Answer 31

fluid surrounding a cell

Question 32

What is a membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through it?

Answer 32

semi permeable

Question 33

What does the water potential of pure water equal

Answer 33

Zero

Question 34

A parameciums contractile vacuole is an example of?

Answer 34

paramecium using active transport to pump out water

Question 35

Why might energy be needed for active transport?

Answer 35

Ions move against a gradient

Question 36

The movement from high to low concentration is what

Answer 36

Diffusion

Question 37

Stomata opens in plant cells when guard cells?

Answer 37

Swell because they gain potassium which brings water to the cell

Question 38

What happens when the stomata closes?

Answer 38

The plants will wilt because they cant take in CO2