Unit 2 Macromolecules

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates and what do they contain?

Answer 1

Sugars and contain carbon oxygen and hydrogen

Question 2

Simple types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Glucose and fructose

Question 3

Glycogen

Answer 3

A carbohydrate that stores energy and animals

Question 4

Cellulose

Answer 4

A carbohydrate that stores energy in plants

Question 5

Deoxyribose

Answer 5

A carbohydrate in DNA

Question 6

What are nucleic acid’s and what do they contain

Answer 6

Nucleic acid’s are DNA and Arnie and they contain carbon hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Polymers made up of amino acid monomers

Question 8

What do amino acids contain

Answer 8

Contains amino acids and a carboxyl group

Question 9

Polypeptides

Answer 9

Contains chains of amino acids

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

A catalyst that speeds up the rate of almost all cellular reactions

Question 11

Symbiosis

Answer 11

Clothes and prolonged reaction between organisms of different species

Question 12

Substrate

Answer 12

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts the substrate binds with the enzymes active site

Question 13

Anabolic pathway

Answer 13

Requires energy to combine simpler molecules into a more complicated one

Question 14

exergonic

Answer 14

A net release of energy

Question 15

endergonic

Answer 15

Must absorb energy from its surroundings

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

The sum of chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and provide energy for a vital process and for synthesizing new organic material

Question 17

Coenzyme

Answer 17

a small organic non-protein molecule that carries chemical groups between enzymes

Question 18

Cofactor

Answer 18

A nonprotein chemical compound that is bound to the protein and is needed in the biological activity of the protein also known for as “helper molecules” because they assist in bio chemical transformations

Question 19

Hydrophobic

Answer 19

repels water

Question 20

hydrophilic

Answer 20

Attracted to water

Question 21

Metabolic pathway

Answer 21

A series of chemical reactions that either builds an anabolic like pathway or breaks down a complex molecule to a similar molecules known as a catabolic pathway

Question 22

Induced fit

Answer 22

change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snuggly to the substrate

Question 23

Active site

Answer 23

The specific region of an enzyme that binds a substrate and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs

Question 24

Activation energy

Answer 24

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

Question 25

Reactant

Answer 25

starting material in a chemical reaction

Question 26

Product

Answer 26

The material resulting from a chemical reaction

Question 27

Monomer in carbohydrates

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

Polymer in carbohydrates

Answer 28

Starch

Question 29

Monomers in lipids

Answer 29

Fatty acid’s

Question 30

Polymers in lipids

Answer 30

Saturated fats

Question 31

Monomers in proteins

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

Polymers in proteins

Answer 32

Peptides

Question 33

Nucleic acid monomers

Answer 33

Nucleic acids

Question 34

Polymers in nucleic acid’s

Answer 34

DNA and RNA

Question 35

What denatures an enzyme

Answer 35

- Change in pH - temperature change - change in salinity

Question 36

What is the action of an enzyme? (3)

Answer 36

- Attracts substrates to its active site - catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed - allows the products to disassociate from the enzyme surface

Question 37

How does an enzyme change shape

Answer 37

When it binds with the substrate resulting in a tighter fit known as induced fit

Question 38

Definition of feedback inhibition

Answer 38

- as isoleucine accumulates, it’s slows down it’s own synthesis by allosterically inhibiting the enzyme - feedback inhibitors therefore prevent the cell from wasting chemical resources by making more isoleucine than necessary

Question 39

Steps of feedback inhibition

Answer 39

as isoleucine accumulates it slows down its own synthesis by allosterically inhibiting the Feedback inhibition there by prevents the cell from Weston chemical resources by making more isoleucine than necessary

Question 40

Difference between glucose, cellulose & starch?

Answer 40

A human can eat STARCH and break it down into GLUCOSE, but a human cannot break down CELLULOUS

Question 41

What are carbohydrate functions in plants?

Answer 41

Carbohydrates store energy in plants in the form is starch & provide either simple or complex sugars. Plants then manufacture their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis

Question 42

carbohydrates in humans?

Answer 42

energy storage and release

Question 43

how do lipids differ from the other groups?

Answer 43

not true polymers (fats, phospholipids, and steroids)

Question 44

phospholipids definition :

Answer 44

form the cell membranes (what’s it made out of)

Question 45

the Phospholipid tails are _____ because they ____

Answer 45

1) hydrophobic | 2) they have no charge to which water molecules can stick too

Question 46

saturated fats:

Answer 46

carbons are SATURATED with hydrogen atoms and don’t contain double bonds between carbon atoms. SOLID AT ROOM TEMP

Question 47

unsaturated fats :

Answer 47

has a double or triple covalent bond w carbon. LIQUID AT ROOM TEMP

Question 48

steroids (3)

Answer 48

- hydrophobic - a structure composed of 4 fused rings - ex. cholesterol, estrogen, & testosterone

Question 49

allosteric cite

Answer 49

where the effector binds

Question 50

primary structure

Answer 50

sequence of amino acids

Question 51

Secondary structure

Answer 51

coiling of amino acid sequencing

Question 52

tertiary structure

Answer 52

over all shape of a protein molecule due to coiling of amino acids

Question 53

quaternary structure

Answer 53

gathering of polypeptide chain of 3 or more

Question 54

hydrolysis

Answer 54

breaks the bond and forms 2 seperate monosaccharides

Question 55

dehydration synthesis:

Answer 55

loses a bond & forms a covalent bond