Unit 6 Genetics

Question 1

heterozygous

Answer 1

one dominant, on recessive

- Rr

Question 2

homozygous

Answer 2

• two of the same allele

- RR or rr

Question 3

dominant

Answer 3

BB or bb

Question 4

duplication

Answer 4

• a fault in chromosome structure due to a fission with a fragment from a homologous chromosome

Question 5

deletion

Answer 5

a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage

Question 6

incomplete dominance

Answer 6

a mix of two traits

one red and white flower = pink flower

Question 7

inversion

Answer 7

• a chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in the reverse orientation

Question 8

polygenic inheritance

Answer 8

additive effect of two or more genes in a single phenotypic character

Question 9

pedigree (3)

Answer 9

• a diagram of a family tree
• has symbols
• shows the occurrence of heritable characters in parents & offspring

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

• observable physical traits of an organism determind by its genetic makeup

Question 11

punnet square

Answer 11

• a diagram used in the study of inheritance to show a predicted genotype

Question 12

transformation

Answer 12

• change in genotype and phenotype

- caused by the assimilation of external DNA by a cell

Question 13

allele

Answer 13

any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotype affects

Question 14

homologous

Answer 14

a pair of chromosomes that have the same :

• length
• centromere position
• staining pattern

Question 15

hereditary

Answer 15

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 16

genetics

Answer 16

the scientific study of hereditary and heredity variation

Question 17

trait

Answer 17

one of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

Question 18

complete dominance

Answer 18

when you can’t tell the difference in phenotypes between the heterozygote & dominant homozygote

Question 19

co- dominance

Answer 19

when both traits exist at the same time

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of in organism

Question 21

epistatic

Answer 21

when one gene locus masks/modifies the phenotype of a second gene locus

Question 22

pleiotrophic gene

Answer 22

genes that affect multiple, unrelated, phenotypes

Question 23

transversion

Answer 23

substitution of a two ring for a one ring pyramidine

Question 24

autosomal dominance

Answer 24

• pattern or inheritance which someone has a copy of a MUTANT gene and a NORMAL gene

Question 25

independent assortment

Answer 25

• describes how genes independently seperate from each other when reproductive cells develop

Question 26

genotype, what do you write?

Answer 26

the actual letters, the symbol

2Rr: 2rr

Question 27

phenotype, what do you write?

Answer 27

the actual trait

Question 28

homozygous, what would the letters be?

Answer 28

two of the same letter

Question 29

heterozygous, what would the letters be?

Answer 29

two different letters

Question 30

in a sex chromosome, how can you tell if the gender is male?

Answer 30

if the letter “y” is present