Unit 3 Ecology

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

all the organisms that live together in a place

Question 2

Niche

Answer 2

an organism ecological role “job”

Question 3

habitat

Answer 3

it’s address or “home”

Question 4

competitive exclusion

Answer 4

no two similar species can occupy the same niche at the same time (lions and tigers on different continents)

Question 5

competition:

Answer 5

compete for resources, neither organism benefits

Question 6

predation/paragons:

Answer 6

(-/+) 1 benefits

Question 7

mutualism:

Answer 7

(+/+) both benefit

Question 8

commensalism:

Answer 8

nothing happens

Question 9

aposmatic coloration

Answer 9

advertise how undesirable you are as prey

Question 10

millerian mimicracy

Answer 10

• two or more protected species look like each other

- both dangerous

Question 11

coevolution in a community:

Answer 11

predator-prey relationships
parasite-host relationship
flowers and pollinators

Question 12

keystone species:

Answer 12

• important regulations effect on other species in a community
• increase diversity in habitat

Question 13

succession:

Answer 13

• transition in species composition over time
• years or decades
• usually after a disturbance

Question 14

primary succession:

Answer 14

• begins with a almost lifeless area w/o soul
• plants and organisms begin to return and grow
• come in and start over

Question 15

secondary succession:

Answer 15

existing community cleared but the soil is still intact

Question 16

taxis

Answer 16

• change in direction
• automatic movement toward (positive taxis) or away for (negative taxis) a stimulus
• photo taxis/ chemotaxis

Question 17

kinesis:

Answer 17

-change in rate of movement in response to a stimulus

Question 18

abiotic factors:

Answer 18

• sunlight and temperature
• precipitation/ water
• soil/ nutrients

Question 19

k selected:

Answer 19

-late reproduction
- few offspring
- invest a lot in raising offspring
(primates)

Question 20

r- selected:

Answer 20

• early reproduction
• many offspring
• little parental care
  (insects or many plants)

Question 21

exponential growth rate:

Answer 21

happens when something is introduced to a new environment or is rebounding from a catastrophe

Question 22

density dependent:

Answer 22

• completion: food, mates, nesting cites

- predators, pathogens, parasites

Question 23

density independent:

Answer 23

• abiotic factors
• sunlight
• temperature
• rainfall

Question 24

logistic growth rates

Answer 24

-populations can’t grow exponentially, they reach a carrying capacity

Question 25

carrying capacity:

Answer 25

maximum population size that an environment can support with no degradation of habitat

Question 26

tundra:

Answer 26

- treeless plain in the attic regions | - has a layer of soil that always remains frozen

Question 27

savanna

Answer 27

- rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees, typically hot

Question 28

desert:

Answer 28

-hottest biome on earth, dry soil, very little water

Question 29

taiga:

Answer 29

- has the largest terrestrial biome, located below the tundra - forest and viral forest

Question 30

tropical rainforests:

Answer 30

- found near cooler coastal areas | - it’s hot, moist, and rains all year long

Question 31

first law of thermodynamics:

Answer 31

energy can’t be created nor destroyed

Question 32

what happens to energy when it moves from one trophic level to another?

Answer 32

- it decreases | - as little as 10 percent moves through the ecosystem.

Question 33

batesian mimicry

Answer 33

mimicry in which an edible animal protects itself by its resemblance to a noxious one avoided by predators

Question 34

autotrophs

Answer 34

organism that produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings

Question 35

heterotrophs

Answer 35

- can’t synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms such as plants and animals for their nutrition

Question 36

decomposers

Answer 36

- organisms that break down dead or decaying animals

Question 37

eutrophication

Answer 37

-excessive nutrients and richness in a lake or other body of water, due to runoff land, which causes dense growth of plant life and animal death

Question 38

evaporation:

Answer 38

the process by which water changes from liquid to a gas

Question 39

condensation

Answer 39

vapor or gas into liquid

Question 40

transpiration

Answer 40

the process of wager movement through a plant and it’s evaporation from aerial plants such as leaves, stems, and flowers

Question 41

photosynthesis

Answer 41

a process by plants and other organisms to convert light energetic into chemical energry it basically takes in CO2 and reintroduces oxygen

Question 42

respiration

Answer 42

a chemical process in which energy is released from food substances such as glucose

Question 43

nitrogen fixation

Answer 43

a chemical procsss by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds especially by microorganisms

Question 44

biome

Answer 44

a large occurring community occupying a major habitat, forest,or tundra

Question 45

equilibrium population

Answer 45

when a population is balanced

Question 46

difference between matter and energy

Answer 46

- energy flows in one direction and becomes less and less as is flows - matter is recycled while energy isn’t

Question 47

food pyramid

Answer 47

a triangle diagram that represents the number of food servings to eat each day and from what food groups

Question 48

biomass pyramid

Answer 48

a more accurate indication of how much energy is passed on at each trophic level

Question 49

energy pyramid

Answer 49

a graphical model of energy flow in a community | different levels may represent the food chain

Question 50

primary producer

Answer 50

Primary producers are organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic compounds. In almost all cases these are photosynthetically active organisms

Question 51

primary consumer

Answer 51

herbivores, feeding on plants

Question 52

secondary consumers

Answer 52

carnivores, and prey on other animals. Omnivores, who feed on both plants and animals, can also be considered a secondary consumer.

Question 53

examples of decomposers

Answer 53

bacteria, fungi, some insects, and snails

Question 54

What are the Major factors that control primary production in terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 54

temperature and moisture

Question 55

The amount of chemical energy in a consumers food that is converted to its own new biomass over a period of time is called what?

Answer 55

Secondary production

Question 56

The process of carbon dioxide being released from plants back into the atmosphere??

Answer 56

Respiration

Question 57

Bacteria is important in making what available to plants?

Answer 57

Nitrogen