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AP Biology > Unit 3 Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 3 Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Community

A

all the organisms that live together in a place

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2
Q

Niche

A

an organism ecological role “job”

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3
Q

habitat

A

it’s address or “home”

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4
Q

competitive exclusion

A

no two similar species can occupy the same niche at the same time (lions and tigers on different continents)

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5
Q

competition:

A

compete for resources, neither organism benefits

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6
Q

predation/paragons:

A

(-/+) 1 benefits

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7
Q

mutualism:

A

(+/+) both benefit

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8
Q

commensalism:

A

nothing happens

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9
Q

aposmatic coloration

A

advertise how undesirable you are as prey

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10
Q

millerian mimicracy

A
  • two or more protected species look like each other

- both dangerous

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11
Q

coevolution in a community:

A

predator-prey relationships
parasite-host relationship
flowers and pollinators

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12
Q

keystone species:

A
  • important regulations effect on other species in a community
  • increase diversity in habitat
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13
Q

succession:

A
  • transition in species composition over time
  • years or decades
  • usually after a disturbance
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14
Q

primary succession:

A
  • begins with a almost lifeless area w/o soul
  • plants and organisms begin to return and grow
  • come in and start over
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15
Q

secondary succession:

A

existing community cleared but the soil is still intact

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16
Q

taxis

A
  • change in direction
  • automatic movement toward (positive taxis) or away for (negative taxis) a stimulus
  • photo taxis/ chemotaxis
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17
Q

kinesis:

A

-change in rate of movement in response to a stimulus

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18
Q

abiotic factors:

A
  • sunlight and temperature
  • precipitation/ water
  • soil/ nutrients
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19
Q

k selected:

A

-late reproduction
- few offspring
- invest a lot in raising offspring
(primates)

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20
Q

r- selected:

A
  • early reproduction
  • many offspring
  • little parental care
    (insects or many plants)
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21
Q

exponential growth rate:

A

happens when something is introduced to a new environment or is rebounding from a catastrophe

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22
Q

density dependent:

A
  • completion: food, mates, nesting cites

- predators, pathogens, parasites

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23
Q

density independent:

A
  • abiotic factors
  • sunlight
  • temperature
  • rainfall
24
Q

logistic growth rates

A

-populations can’t grow exponentially, they reach a carrying capacity

25
Q

carrying capacity:

A

maximum population size that an environment can support with no degradation of habitat

26
Q

tundra:

A
  • treeless plain in the attic regions

- has a layer of soil that always remains frozen

27
Q

savanna

A
  • rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees, typically hot
28
Q

desert:

A

-hottest biome on earth, dry soil, very little water

29
Q

taiga:

A
  • has the largest terrestrial biome, located below the tundra
  • forest and viral forest
30
Q

tropical rainforests:

A
  • found near cooler coastal areas

- it’s hot, moist, and rains all year long

31
Q

first law of thermodynamics:

A

energy can’t be created nor destroyed

32
Q

what happens to energy when it moves from one trophic level to another?

A
  • it decreases

- as little as 10 percent moves through the ecosystem.

33
Q

batesian mimicry

A

mimicry in which an edible animal protects itself by its resemblance to a noxious one avoided by predators

34
Q

autotrophs

A

organism that produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings

35
Q

heterotrophs

A
  • can’t synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms such as plants and animals for their nutrition
36
Q

decomposers

A
  • organisms that break down dead or decaying animals
37
Q

eutrophication

A

-excessive nutrients and richness in a lake or other body of water, due to runoff land, which causes dense growth of plant life and animal death

38
Q

evaporation:

A

the process by which water changes from liquid to a gas

39
Q

condensation

A

vapor or gas into liquid

40
Q

transpiration

A

the process of wager movement through a plant and it’s evaporation from aerial plants such as leaves, stems, and flowers

41
Q

photosynthesis

A

a process by plants and other organisms to convert light energetic into chemical energry
it basically takes in CO2 and reintroduces oxygen

42
Q

respiration

A

a chemical process in which energy is released from food substances such as glucose

43
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

a chemical procsss by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds especially by microorganisms

44
Q

biome

A

a large occurring community occupying a major habitat, forest,or tundra

45
Q

equilibrium population

A

when a population is balanced

46
Q

difference between matter and energy

A
  • energy flows in one direction and becomes less and less as is flows
  • matter is recycled while energy isn’t
47
Q

food pyramid

A

a triangle diagram that represents the number of food servings to eat each day and from what food groups

48
Q

biomass pyramid

A

a more accurate indication of how much energy is passed on at each trophic level

49
Q

energy pyramid

A

a graphical model of energy flow in a community

different levels may represent the food chain

50
Q

primary producer

A

Primary producers are organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic compounds. In almost all cases these are photosynthetically active organisms

51
Q

primary consumer

A

herbivores, feeding on plants

52
Q

secondary consumers

A

carnivores, and prey on other animals. Omnivores, who feed on both plants and animals, can also be considered a secondary consumer.

53
Q

examples of decomposers

A

bacteria, fungi, some insects, and snails

54
Q

What are the Major factors that control primary production in terrestrial ecosystems?

A

temperature and moisture

55
Q

The amount of chemical energy in a consumers food that is converted to its own new biomass over a period of time is called what?

A

Secondary production

56
Q

The process of carbon dioxide being released from plants back into the atmosphere??

A

Respiration

57
Q

Bacteria is important in making what available to plants?

A

Nitrogen

AP Biology (18 decks)

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