Unit 8 Flashcards
absence
vắng mặt
n. not being present, time away
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Noun
1
the state of being away from a place or person.
the letter had arrived during his absence
academic
thuộc về lý thuyết
adj. related to school, especially the university
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Adjective
1
relating to education and scholarship.
academic achievement
2
not of practical relevance; of only theoretical interest.
the debate has been largely academic
Noun
1
a teacher or scholar in a college or institute of higher education.
the EU offers grants to academics for research on approved projects
approximately
khoảng
adv. close but not exactly
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Adverb
1
used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly.
a journey of approximately two hours
bear
chịu
v. to carry; have responsibility for
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Verb
1
carry the weight of; support.
the bees form large colonies and need the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nests
2
endure (an ordeal or difficulty).
she bore the pain stoically
commensurate
kəˈmensərət
tương xứng
adj. similar in size or amount
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Adjective
1
corresponding in size or degree; in proportion.
salary will be commensurate with experience
devote
cống hiến
v. give, commit
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Verb
1
give all or a large part of one’s time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause).
I wanted to devote more time to my family
dire
tàn khốc
adj. very serious or extreme, very bad
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Adjective
1
(of a situation or event) extremely serious or urgent.
dire consequences
discrepancy
sự khác biệt
n. difference between two things that should be the same
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Noun
1
a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
there’s a discrepancy between your account and his
equality
bình đẳng
n. being the same, having the same rights and opportunities
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Noun
1
the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
an organization aiming to promote racial equality
frustration
thất vọng
n. lack of satisfaction, inability to reach goals
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Noun
1
the feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something.
I sometimes feel like screaming with frustration
funding
kinh phí
n. financial support
————————
Noun
1
money provided, especially by an organization or government, for a particular purpose.
funding for the project was provided by the Housing Corporation
guidance
hướng dẫn
n. advice, assistance
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Noun
1
advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty, especially as given by someone in authority.
he looked to his father for inspiration and guidance
2
the directing of the motion or position of something, especially a missile.
a surface-to-air missile guidance system
inordinate
quá mức
adj. more than reasonable
———————
Adjective
1
unusually or disproportionately large; excessive.
a case that had taken up an inordinate amount of time
invaluable
vô giá
adj. very valuable, extremely useful
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Adjective
1
extremely useful; indispensable.
an invaluable source of information
mentor
người hướng dẫn
n. a person who gives help and advice
——————
Noun
1
an experienced and trusted adviser.
he was her friend and mentor until his death in 1915
Verb
1
advise or train (someone, especially a younger colleague).
both trainees were expertly mentored by a site supervisor
persist
kiên trì
v. to continue
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Verb
1
continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure.
the minority of drivers who persist in drinking
pressure
sức ép
n. demands, responsibilities
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Noun
1
continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.
the slight extra pressure he applied to her hand
2
the use of persuasion, influence, or intimidation to make someone do something.
the many pressures on girls to worry about their looks
Verb
1
attempt to persuade or coerce (someone) into doing something.
it might now be possible to pressure him into resigning
progress
tiến triển
v. to move forward
—————
Noun
1
forward or onward movement toward a destination.
the darkness did not stop my progress
Verb
1
move forward or onward in space or time.
as the century progressed, the quality of telescopes improved
struggle
đấu tranh
v. to fight
—————
Verb
1
make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.
before she could struggle, he lifted her up
Noun
1
a forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack.
there were signs of a struggle and there was a lot of blood around
validate
xác thực
v. to confirm; make a person feel valued
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Verb
1
check or prove the validity or accuracy of (something).
these estimates have been validated by periodic surveys
abound
rất nhiều
v. to exist in large numbers
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Verb
1
exist in large numbers or amounts.
rumors of a further scandal abound
account for
chiếm
v. to be responsible for
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capable
có khả năng
adj. able to do something
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Adjective
1
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
I’m quite capable of taking care of myself
2
able to achieve efficiently whatever one has to do; competent.
she looked enthusiastic and capable
compact
gọn nhẹ
adj. small
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Adjective
1
closely and neatly packed together; dense.
a compact cluster of houses
Verb
1
exert force on (something) to make it more dense; compress.
the soil may be compacted by iron oxide
corridor
hành lang
n. hallway
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Noun
1
a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms.
his room lay at the very end of the corridor
curb
lề đường
n. the raised edge of the street
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Noun
1
a check or restraint on something.
curbs on the powers of labor unions
2
a type of bit that is widely used in western riding. In English riding it is usually only used with a snaffle as part of a double bridle.
Verb
1
restrain or keep in check.
she promised she would curb her temper
disability
khuyết tật
n. a condition that makes it difficult to do things other people do
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Noun
1
a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities.
exterior
bên ngoài
n. the outside of something
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Adjective
1
forming, situated on, or relating to the outside of something.
exterior and interior walls
Noun
1
the outer surface or structure of something.
a jar with floral designs on the exterior
incapacitated
ˌinkəˈpasəˌtādəd
mất năng lực
adj. unable to do things normally
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Adjective
1
deprived of strength or power; debilitated.
Richard was temporarily incapacitated
interior
Nội địa
n. the inside of something
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Adjective
1
situated within or inside; relating to the inside; inner.
the interior lighting is not adequate
2
remote from the coast or frontier; inland.
the interior jungle regions
Noun
1
the inner or indoor part of something, especially a building; the inside.
six men painting the outside of her house and three men painting the interior
necessitate
bắt buộc
v. to make necessary
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Verb
1
make (something) necessary as a result or consequence.
the severe arthritis eventually necessitated a total hip replacement
poverty
nghèo nàn
n. condition of being poor
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Noun
1
the state of being extremely poor.
thousands of families are living in abject poverty
ramp
con dốc
n. a smooth surface that allows access between levels
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Noun
1
a slope or inclined plane for joining two different levels, as at the entrance or between floors of a building.
a wheelchair ramp
Verb
1
provide with a ramp.
we have purposefully ramped the entrance to make it easier access
recreation
giải trí
n. leisure activities
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Noun
1
activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
athletic and recreation facilities
slippery
trơn
adj. causing things to slide or slip; difficult to hold or stand on
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Adjective
1
(of a surface or object) difficult to hold firmly or stand on because it is smooth, wet, or slimy.
slippery ice
slope
dốc
n. a surface at an angle, with the top higher than the bottom
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Noun
1
a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface.
he slithered helplessly down the slope
Verb
1
(of a surface or line) be inclined from a horizontal or vertical line; slant up or down.
the garden sloped down to a stream
switch
công tắc
n. a button used to turn on lights or machines
Noun
1
a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit.
the guard hit a switch and the gate swung open
2
an act of adopting one policy or way of life, or choosing one type of item, in place of another; a change, especially a radical one.
his friends were surprised at his switch from newspaper owner to farmer
Verb
1
change the position, direction, or focus of.
the company switched the boats to other routes
terrain
təˈrān
địa hình
n. the surface of land
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Noun
1
a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features.
they were delayed by rough terrain
unwieldy
ˌənˈwēldē
khó di chuyển
adj. difficult to manage
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Adjective
1
difficult to carry or move because of its size, shape, or weight.
the first mechanical clocks were large and unwieldy
update
cập nhật
v. to modernize, improve
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Verb
1
make (something) more modern or up to date.
security measures are continually updated and improved
Noun
1
an act of bringing something or someone up to date, or an updated version of something.
an update on recently published crime figures
disposable
dùng một lần
adj. made to be thrown away after one or a few uses
discard
loại bỏ
v. to throw into the trash can
litter
vứt rác ra đường
v. to drop trash onto the street
eventually
sau cùng
adv. at some point in time, finally
jeopardize
gây nguy hiểm
v. to put in danger
fitness
sự khỏe khoắn
n. the state of being in good physical condition
spot
thông báo
v. to notice
formalize
chính thức hóa
v. to organize and define
catch on
nắm bắt
v. to become popular
trend
xu hướng
n. a popular fashion
carry out
thực hiện
v. to do, to perform
establishment
thành lập
n. creation, arrangement
term
kỳ hạn
n. a name or word for something
company
bạn đồng hành
n. companionship
protective
bảo vệ
adj. proving cover or safety
calorie
calo
n. a unit that measures the amount of energy
involve
liên quan
v. include, require
muscle
n. a part of the body that helps you move
numerous
nhiều
adj. many
track
theo dõi
v. to observe and make a record of
