Unit 10 Flashcards
back
hậu thuẫn
v. to support, especially financially
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Noun
1
the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips.
he lay on his back
Adverb
1
toward the rear; in the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or traveling.
she moved back a pace
Verb
1
give financial, material, or moral support to.
he had a newspaper empire backing him
Adjective
1
of or at the back of something.
the back garden
clamp
v. to fasten or hold tightly
nắm chặt
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Noun
1
a brace, band, or clasp used for strengthening or holding things together.
Verb
1
fasten (something) in place with a clamp.
the sander is clamped onto the edge of a workbench
critical
quan trọng
adj. very important
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Adjective
1
expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments.
he was critical of many U.S. welfare programs
2
expressing or involving an analysis of the merits and faults of a work of literature, music, or art.
she never won the critical acclaim she sought
3
(of a situation or problem) having the potential to become disastrous; at a point of crisis.
the flood waters had not receded, and the situation was still critical
current
dòng điện
n. a flow of electricity, water, air
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Adjective
1
belonging to the present time; happening or being used or done now.
keep abreast of current events
Noun
1
a body of water or air moving in a definite direction, especially through a surrounding body of water or air in which there is less movement.
ocean currents
derive
dəˈrīv
lấy vật gì đó
v. to get sth from sth else, originate
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Verb
1
obtain something from (a specified source).
they derived great comfort from this assurance
device
Noun
1
a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment.
a measuring device
2
a plan, method, or trick with a particular aim.
writing a public letter is a traditional device for signaling dissent
entrepreneur
Noun
1
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
many entrepreneurs see potential in this market
file
Noun
1
a folder or box for holding loose papers that are typically arranged in a particular order for easy reference.
a file of correspondence
2
a line of people or things one behind another.
Plains Cree warriors riding in file down the slopes
Verb
1
place (a document) in a cabinet, box, or folder in a particular order for preservation and easy reference.
the contract, when signed, is filed
infringement
sự vi phạm
n. an action that breaks a rule or law
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Noun
1
the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation.
copyright infringement
2
the action of limiting or undermining something.
the infringement of the right to privacy
inspiration
n. a sudden good idea, a role model for creativity
nguồn cảm hứng
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Noun
1
the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
Helen had one of her flashes of inspiration
2
a sudden brilliant, creative, or timely idea.
then I had an inspiration
3
the drawing in of breath; inhalation.
crackling sounds are heard in the stethoscope on inspiration
invalid
adj. not legally correct or acceptable
không hợp lệ
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Noun
1
a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury.
an invalid husband
Verb
1
remove (someone) from active service in the armed forces because of injury or illness.
he was badly wounded and invalided out of the infantry
Adjective
1
(of an official document or procedure) not legally recognized and therefore void because contravening a regulation or law.
the will was declared invalid and the children were entitled to the estate
inventor
Noun
1
a person who invented a particular process or device or who invents things as an occupation.
patent
bằng sáng chế
n. a right to an invention granted by the government
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Noun
1
a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.
he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer
Adjective
1
easily recognizable; obvious.
she was smiling with patent insincerity
Verb
1
obtain a patent for (an invention).
an invention is not your own until it is patented
ransack
lục soát
v. to search thoroughly, often violently or carelessly
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Verb
1
go hurriedly through (a place) stealing things and causing damage.
burglars ransacked her home
refinement
sàng lọc, tinh luyện
n. improvement
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Noun
1
the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
the refinement of uranium
ruling
sự cai trị, chế ngự
n. legal decision
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Noun
1
an authoritative decision or pronouncement, especially one made by a judge.
the ruling was reversed in the appeal court
Adjective
1
currently exercising authority or influence.
the ruling coalition
specifically
Adverb
1
in a way that is exact and clear; precisely.
a workman called at the time I specifically stated I would not be in
suitable
Adjective
1
right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation.
these toys are not suitable for children under five
unveil
tiết lộ
v. to make public, to uncover
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Verb
1
remove a veil or covering from, in particular uncover (a new monument or work of art) as part of a public ceremony.
the mayor unveiled a plaque
aviation
thuật hàng không
n. the development, design, and use of aircarft
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1
the flying or operating of aircraft.
two events launched the history of modern aviation
blade
lưỡi, gươm
n. a thin, flat part of a machine
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Noun
1
the flat cutting edge of a knife, saw, or other tool or weapon.
cut cleanly using a sharp blade
2
the flat, wide section of an implement or device such as an oar or a propeller.
3
a shoulder bone in a cut of meat, or the cut of meat itse
coarse
thô
adj. rough, not smooth
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Adjective
1
rough or loose in texture or grain.
a coarse woolen cloth
2
(of a person or their speech) rude, crude, or vulgar.
a man of coarse speech
confer
đàm phán, thương thuyết
v. to discuss, consult with sb
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Verb
1
grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right).
moves were made to confer an honorary degree on her
2
have discussions; exchange opinions.
the officials were conferring with allies
cruise
chạy rề rề
v. to travel at a steady speed
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Verb
1
sail about in an area without a precise destination, especially for pleasure.
they were cruising off the California coast
2
(of a motor vehicle or aircraft) travel smoothly at a moderate or economical speed.
we sit in a jet, cruising at some 30,000 ft
Noun
1
a voyage on a ship or boat taken for pleasure or as a vacation and usually calling in at several places.
a cruise down the Nile
curiosity
Noun
1
a strong desire to know or learn something.
filled with curiosity, she peered through the window
2
a strange or unusual object or fact.
he showed them some of the curiosities of the house
design
Noun
1
a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a building, garment, or other object before it is built or made.
he has just unveiled his design for the new museum
2
an arrangement of lines or shapes created to form a pattern or decoration.
pottery with a lovely blue and white design
Verb
1
decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), by making a detailed drawing of it.
a number of architectural students were designing a factory
enthusiast
người đam mê
n. a person who is very interested in sth
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Noun
1
a person who is very interested in a particular activity or subject.
a sports car enthusiast
handle
Verb
1
feel or manipulate with the hands.
heavy paving slabs can be difficult to handle
2
manage (a situation or problem).
a lawyer’s ability to handle a case properly
Noun
1
the part by which a thing is held, carried, or controlled.
the pan features helpful lifting handles
inflexibility
n. inability to change
tính không linh hoạt
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Noun
1
unwillingness to change or compromise.
he had a reputation for arrogance and inflexibility
2
inability to be bent; stiffness.
the inflexibility of the metal
isolation
Noun
1
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
the isolation of older people
pitch
chiều nghiêng
n. the angle or slope of sth
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Noun
1
the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.
a car engine seems to change pitch downward as the vehicle passes you
2
the steepness of a slope, especially of a roof.
3
the level of intensity of something.
he brought the machine to a high pitch of development
prolonged
Adjective
1
continuing for a long time or longer than usual; lengthy.
the region suffered a prolonged drought
propeller
chân vịt của tàu
n. a device that causes an airplane or boat to move
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Noun
1
a mechanical device for propelling a boat or aircraft, consisting of a revolving shaft with two or more broad, angled blades attached to it.
reliably
adv. dependably
đáng tin cậy
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Adverb
1
in a consistently good or accurate way.
few of these paintings can be reliably dated
revolutionize
khởi nghĩa
v. to change completely
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Verb
1
change (something) radically or fundamentally.
this fabulous new theory will revolutionize the whole of science
rotation
Vòng xoay/ sự thay phiên
Noun
1
the action of rotating around an axis or center.
the moon moves in the same direction as the earth’s rotation
sustained
duy trì
adj. having the ability to continue for a long time
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Adjective
1
continuing for an extended period or without interruption.
several years of sustained economic growth
Turbulence
huyên náo, nhiễu loạn
n. strong sudden movements in air
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Noun
1
violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid.
the plane shuddered as it entered some turbulence
variable
biến đổi
adj. able to change
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Adjective
1
not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change.
the quality of hospital food is highly variable
2
able to be changed or adapted.
the drill has variable speed
Noun
1
an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change.
there are too many variables involved to make any meaningful predictionến d
cable
Noun
1
a thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, and towing vehicles.
steel cables held the convoy together
Verb
1
contact or send a message to (someone) by cablegram.
he cabled her to cancel all arrangements
catastrophic
Adjective
1
involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
a catastrophic earthquake
compensate
đền bù
v. to make up for, balance out
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Verb
1
give (someone) something, typically money, in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred; recompense.
payments were made to farmers to compensate them for cuts in subsidies
2
reduce or counteract (something unwelcome or unpleasant) by exerting an opposite force or effect.
the manager is hoping for victory to compensate for the team’s dismal league campaign
disparate
khác nhau, chên lệch
adj. different
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Adjective
1
essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison.
they inhabit disparate worlds of thought
flaw
khuyết điểm
n. a mistake or weakness, especially in design
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Noun
1
a mark, fault, or other imperfection that mars a substance or object.
plates with flaws in them were sold at the outlet store
Verb
1
(of an imperfection) mar, weaken, or invalidate (something).
the computer game was flawed by poor programming
indispensable
cần thiết
adj. completely necessary
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Adjective
1
absolutely necessary.
he made himself indispensable to the parish priest
inexplicably
khó hiểu
adv. without explanation
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Adverb
1
in a way that cannot be explained or accounted for.
many crucial documents had inexplicably disappeared
inquiry
cuộc điều tra
n. an official investigation
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Noun
1
an act of asking for information.
a reporter from New York makes inquiries
insulation
cách nhiệt, cách điện
n. material used to prevent the passage of electricity
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Noun
1
the action of insulating something.
keep your home warmer through insulation
perseverance
kiên trì
n. continuation with a task despite difficulties
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Noun
1
persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.
his perseverance with the technique illustrates his single-mindedness
rally
tập hợp
v. to gather support
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Verb
1
(of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion.
De Montfort’s troops rallied and drove back the king’s infantry
2
recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise.
she floundered for a moment, then rallied again
Noun
1
a mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support for a cause.
a rally attended by around 100,000 people
requisite
ˈrekwəzət
cần thiết,
n. need, requirement
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Adjective
1
made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations.
the application will not be processed until the requisite fee is paid
Noun
1
a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end.
she believed privacy to be a requisite for a peaceful life
set out
bắt đầu
v. to start an activity
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transitive verb
1a : to arrange and present graphically or systematically
b : to mark out (something, such as a design) : lay out the plan of
: to state, describe, or recite at length
distributed copies of a pamphlet setting out his ideas in full
— S. F. Mason
3 : to begin with a definite purpose : INTEND, UNDERTAKE
snap
gãy/bể bất thình lình
v. to break suddenly
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Verb
1
break or cause to break suddenly and completely, typically with a sharp cracking sound.
guitar strings kept snapping
Noun
1
a sudden, sharp cracking sound or movement.
she closed her purse with a snap
Adjective
1
done or taken on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly, or without notice.
a snap judgment
tow
kéo
v. to pull behind
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Verb
1
(of a motor vehicle or boat) pull (another vehicle or boat) along with a rope, chain, or tow bar.
a pickup van towing a trailer
Noun
1
an act of towing a vehicle or boat.
the cruiser got a tow from a warship after its engine failed
transmit
Verb
1
cause (something) to pass on from one place or person to another.
knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student
triumph
khải hoàn, chiến thắng
v. to succeed, win
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Noun
1
a great victory or achievement.
a garden built to celebrate Napoleon’s many triumphs
Verb
1
achieve a victory; be successful.
spectacle has once again triumphed over content
utterly
hoàn toàn
adv. totally
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Adverb
1
completely and without qualification; absolutely.
he looked utterly ridiculous
vilified
gièm pha, phỉ báng
adj. having one’s reputation ruined; being spoken about in a bad way
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Verb
1
speak or write about in an abusively disparaging manner.
he has been vilified in the press
