unit 7b: thinking Flashcards
mental image or best example of a category
prototypes
ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
creativity
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
convergent thinking
expands the number of possible problem solutions
divergent thinking
identified the five components of creativity
robert sternberg
methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
algorithm
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
heuristic
experimented with apes. sultan=ape
wolfgang kholer
a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
confirmation bias
studied confirmation bias
peter wason
ofc im right
cognitive conceit
waste of time reevaluating
cognitive laziness
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match a particular prototype
representativeness heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
availibility heuristic
clinging to one’s initial conception after the basis on which they were from
belief perseverance
estimate the probability of an event not starting form scratch but by adjusting an earlier estimate
anchoring heuristic
in language, the smaller sound unit
phoneme
the smallest unit that carries meaning
morpheme
set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds
semantics
set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
syntax
preexisting beliefs distort logical reasoning
belief bias
whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way that we think
linguistic determinism
involved in language comprehension
wernicke’s area
involved in language expression
broca’s area
