unit 7b: thinking

Question 1

mental image or best example of a category

Answer 1

prototypes

Question 2

ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 2

creativity

Question 3

narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Answer 3

convergent thinking

Question 4

expands the number of possible problem solutions

Answer 4

divergent thinking

Question 5

identified the five components of creativity

Answer 5

robert sternberg

Question 6

methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Answer 6

algorithm

Question 7

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Answer 7

heuristic

Question 8

experimented with apes. sultan=ape

Answer 8

wolfgang kholer

Question 9

a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Answer 9

confirmation bias

Question 10

studied confirmation bias

Answer 10

peter wason

Question 11

ofc im right

Answer 11

cognitive conceit

Question 12

waste of time reevaluating

Answer 12

cognitive laziness

Question 13

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match a particular prototype

Answer 13

representativeness heuristic

Question 14

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Answer 14

availibility heuristic

Question 15

clinging to one’s initial conception after the basis on which they were from

Answer 15

belief perseverance

Question 16

estimate the probability of an event not starting form scratch but by adjusting an earlier estimate

Answer 16

anchoring heuristic

Question 17

in language, the smaller sound unit

Answer 17

phoneme

Question 18

the smallest unit that carries meaning

Answer 18

morpheme

Question 19

set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds

Answer 19

semantics

Question 20

set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Answer 20

syntax

Question 21

preexisting beliefs distort logical reasoning

Answer 21

belief bias

Question 22

whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way that we think

Answer 22

linguistic determinism

Question 23

involved in language comprehension

Answer 23

wernicke’s area

Question 24

involved in language expression

Answer 24

broca’s area