unit 4a: senory stuff Flashcards
the dimension of color determined by wavelength
hue
the amount of energy in a wave
intensity
adjustable opening in the center of the eye where light enters
pupil
transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus on images
lens
inner surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin info processing
retina
retinal receptors that detect shades of gray, necessary for peripheral and twilight vision
rods
concentrated in the center of the retina and function in well-lit conditions, detect fine detail and color
cones
the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the thalamus
optic nerve
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster
fovea
stimulus energy turning into neural impulses
transduction
the conversion of light energy into neural impulses
phototransduction
a tone’s experienced high or lowness
pitch
chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea with three tiny bones that concentrate vibrations into the cochlea’s oval window
middle ear
a coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear, fluid within triggers neural impulses with waves
cochlea
caused by damage to the cochlea’s cillia or to auditory nerves
sensorimotor hearing loss
the collective term for all the bones in the ear
ossicles
suggests that the retina contains 3 receptor cones that are sensitive to red, green, and blue colors
trichromatic (young helmholtz) theory
proposed that we process color in pairs: blue/yellow, black/white, red/green, made by Ewald herring
opponent processing theory
small crystals on hair receptor cells that are covered or uncovered by liquid in the ear, making neural impulses
otoliths
the alternate firing of neutral cells allowing the sensing of high frequencies
volley principle
processes the timing and intensity differences
parallel processing
a chemical that fits into specialized receptors, triggered by damage to teh skin
bradykinnin
links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s memebrane is stimulated, better explains how we hear high pitches
place theory
the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerves matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling a sense of pitch, better explains lower pitches
frequency theory
detects hurtful temperatures, pressures or chemicals
nociceptors
the spinal cord contains neurological gates that block pain signals or allow them to pass to the brain
gate control theory
close gate
large fibers
open gate
small fibers
the body’s system for sensing its position and movement
kinesthesia
sense of body movement and position, only applies to the head. connected with the digestive tract and semicircular canals and vestibular sacs
vestibular sense
the principle that one sense may influence another, as well as when the smell of food influences its taste
sensory interaction
seeing and hearing different things
mcgurk effect
when vision and another sense compete, vision always wins
visual capture
the receptors in the joints that let a person know where they are
proprioceptors
the influence of bodily sensations on psychological states
embodied cognition
