Unit 4b: perception

Question 1

analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information, this enables the detecting of lines, angles and colors, (sensory)

Answer 1

bottom-up processing

Question 2

info processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experiences (more interpretation)

Answer 2

top-down processing

Question 3

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

Answer 3

psychophysics

Question 4

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time (studied by gustav fetchner)

Answer 4

absolute threshold

Question 5

a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation

Answer 5

signal detection thoery

Question 6

below one’s threshold of conscious awareness

Answer 6

subliminal

Question 7

activation, often unconsciously, of a certain association, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response

Answer 7

priming

Question 8

the minimum differences between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. jnd=just noticeable difference

Answer 8

difference threshold

Question 9

the principle that to be percieved as different, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percent

Answer 9

weber’s law

Question 10

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Answer 10

sensory adaptation

Question 11

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Answer 11

perceptual set

Question 12

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Answer 12

selective attention

Question 13

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Answer 13

intentional blindness

Question 14

failing to notice changes in the environment

Answer 14

change blindness

Question 15

an organized whole. these psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Answer 15

gestalt

Question 16

the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroudnings

Answer 16

figure-ground

Question 17

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Answer 17

grouping

Question 18

the ability to see objects in 3d, although images that strike the retina are in 2d

Answer 18

depth perception

Question 19

a lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Answer 19

visual cliff

Question 20

depth cues, such as retinal despairity that depend on the use of 2 eyes

Answer 20

binocular cues

Question 21

a binocular cue for perceiving depth, compares images from retinas in the 2 eyes, the brain computes the distance

Answer 21

retinal disparity

Question 22

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Answer 22

monocular cues

Question 23

an illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Answer 23

phi phenomenon

Question 24

percieveing objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images may change

Answer 24

perceptual constancy

Question 25

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even despite changing illumination attracts the wavelengths reflected by the object

Answer 25

color constancy

Question 26

shape or size seem to change depending on the angle (ex door)

Answer 26

shape/size constancy

Question 27

the moon looks up to 50% larger when on the horizon because height makes things look farther away

Answer 27

moon illusion

Question 28

in vision, the ability to adjust an artificially displayed or inverted visual field

Answer 28

perceptual adaptation

Question 29

as an objct gets closer, the eyes must turn inward to focus on it??

Answer 29

convergence

Question 30

worked on absolute threshold and was the first to talk about psychophysics

Answer 30

gustav fetchner

Question 31

perceiving things as continuously moving -grouping

Answer 31

continuing

Question 32

filling in the gaps of shapes -grouping

Answer 32

closure

Question 33

associating things that are closer together -grouping ex: || || ||

Answer 33

proximity

Question 34

grouping things that are similar -grouping

Answer 34

similarity

Question 35

was more on the nature side of things, believed perception was innate

Answer 35

immanuel kant

Question 36

believe more in nurture, thought that perception was learned

Answer 36

john locke