unit 3: neuroscience

Question 1

astrocytes

Answer 1

provide nutriotion to neurons and absorb dead cells

Question 2

oligodendrocytes

Answer 2

insulate neurons as myelinh

Question 3

when positive ions enter the neuron, making it more prone to firing action potential

Answer 3

depolarization

Question 4

neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord

Answer 4

sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 5

the brain and the spinal chord make up the

Answer 5

central nervous system

Question 6

excitatory neurotransmitter, voluntary movement and muscle contraction, learning, memory, sleep, and arousal

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

inhibitory, pleasureable sensations, involuntary movement, attentions & alertness, mood, rewards, learning

Answer 7

dopamine

Question 8

inhibitory, inhibits excitation and anxiety, regulates sleep/wake cycles

Answer 8

GABA

Question 9

inhibitory, pain relief and feelings of pleasure, stress reduction

Answer 9

endorphins

Question 10

inhibitory, mood regulation, hunger/appetite, sleep

Answer 10

serotonin

Question 11

excitatory, fight or flight, alertness/arousal, mood regulation, learning, memory retrieval

Answer 11

epinephrine

Question 12

excitatory, momeory, learning, helps messages cross synapse

Answer 12

glutamine

Question 13

work in opposition to endorphins to regulate pain, signals that the body is in pain

Answer 13

substance P

Question 14

drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters – sends messages like neurotransmitters

Answer 14

agonists

Question 15

drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites– doesn’t fit into site

Answer 15

antagonist

Question 16

produce hormones that regulate the immune system, metabolism, blood pressure, and response to stress

Answer 16

adrenal gland

Question 17

regulated by the hypothalymus, helps regulate growth and the release of hormones, connects the endocrine and nervous systems

Answer 17

pituitary gland

Question 18

amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface

Answer 18

electroencephalogram

Question 19

technique in which xray photos are combined to form a composite representation of a slice through the body

Answer 19

CT scan

Question 20

technigque depicting the level of activity of brain areas by measuring the brains consumption of glucose

Answer 20

PET scan

Question 21

provides clearer images of the brain by using magnetic fields and radio waves

Answer 21

MRI

Question 22

researched the split brain surgery

Answer 22

roger sperry

Question 23

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles, also called the skeletal nervous system

Answer 23

somatic nervous system

Question 24

the division of the autonomic system that arouses the body, mobilizing energy in stressful situations

Answer 24

sypathetic nervous sytem

Question 25

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Answer 25

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 26

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 26

interneurons

Question 27

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Answer 27

peripheral nervous system

Question 28

neurons that carry outgoing information form the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Answer 28

motor (efferent) neurons

Question 29

increases the speed of neural communication

Answer 29

mylein sheath

Question 30

reflexes that only relate to the spinal cord, don’t use brain and act before the brain knows anything

Answer 30

no brainier reaction