unit 3: neuroscience Flashcards
astrocytes
provide nutriotion to neurons and absorb dead cells
oligodendrocytes
insulate neurons as myelinh
when positive ions enter the neuron, making it more prone to firing action potential
depolarization
neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord
sensory (afferent) neurons
the brain and the spinal chord make up the
central nervous system
excitatory neurotransmitter, voluntary movement and muscle contraction, learning, memory, sleep, and arousal
acetylcholine
inhibitory, pleasureable sensations, involuntary movement, attentions & alertness, mood, rewards, learning
dopamine
inhibitory, inhibits excitation and anxiety, regulates sleep/wake cycles
GABA
inhibitory, pain relief and feelings of pleasure, stress reduction
endorphins
inhibitory, mood regulation, hunger/appetite, sleep
serotonin
excitatory, fight or flight, alertness/arousal, mood regulation, learning, memory retrieval
epinephrine
excitatory, momeory, learning, helps messages cross synapse
glutamine
work in opposition to endorphins to regulate pain, signals that the body is in pain
substance P
drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters – sends messages like neurotransmitters
agonists
drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites– doesn’t fit into site
antagonist
produce hormones that regulate the immune system, metabolism, blood pressure, and response to stress
adrenal gland
regulated by the hypothalymus, helps regulate growth and the release of hormones, connects the endocrine and nervous systems
pituitary gland
amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface
electroencephalogram
technique in which xray photos are combined to form a composite representation of a slice through the body
CT scan
technigque depicting the level of activity of brain areas by measuring the brains consumption of glucose
PET scan
provides clearer images of the brain by using magnetic fields and radio waves
MRI
researched the split brain surgery
roger sperry
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles, also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
the division of the autonomic system that arouses the body, mobilizing energy in stressful situations
sypathetic nervous sytem
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
parasympathetic nervous system
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
interneurons
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
peripheral nervous system
neurons that carry outgoing information form the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
motor (efferent) neurons
increases the speed of neural communication
mylein sheath
reflexes that only relate to the spinal cord, don’t use brain and act before the brain knows anything
no brainier reaction
