psych unit 1+2 test

Question 1

enable researching to isolate the effects of one or more variable, show cause an effect

Answer 1

experiment

Question 2

the idea that what we know comes from experience, observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

Answer 2

empiricism

Question 3

focused on the structure of the mind, used introspection to assess feelings. Hitchner used this to find out more about the external influences on the mind

Answer 3

structuralism

Question 4

explored down to earth memories, feelings, and habits

Answer 4

functionalism

Question 5

the debate of whether human traits are present at birth, or develop through experience

Answer 5

nature nurture

Question 6

different levels of systems in a person amount for different…

Answer 6

levels of analysis

Question 7

accounts the influences of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors

Answer 7

biopsychosocial approach

Question 8

developed out of the thought that behaviorism/freudiam psychology was too limiting, focused on the effects of the current environment on behavior

Answer 8

humanistic psychology

Question 9

the study of mental processes, has enriched our understand of underlying mental disorders and helps diagnose

Answer 9

cognitive neuroscience

Question 10

the perspective based of observable behavior

Answer 10

behavioral

Question 11

the perspective relating to how the body effects the brain, how genes combine with the environment

Answer 11

biological

Question 12

the perspective of how we encode, process, and store info, how we interpret things

Answer 12

cognitive

Question 13

the perspective relating to natural selection and how the things we do are done for a purpose

Answer 13

evolutionary

Question 14

the perspective relating to how we meet the needs for love, acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment, says things are innately good

Answer 14

humanistic

Question 15

perspective showing how behavior and thinking vary across different cultures and situations, how people interact socially

Answer 15

socio-cultural

Question 16

perspective about how unconscious thoughts drive behavior

Answer 16

psychodynamic

Question 17

the phenomenon of people “thinking they knew it all along” ideas seem obvious when they’re discovered

Answer 17

hindsight bias

Question 18

humans tend to think they know more than they actually do

Answer 18

overconfidence

Question 19

examines assumptions, assesses the source, confirms evidence, finds hidden values, and reviews credibility with science

Answer 19

critical thinking

Question 20

experiments are replicable because of operational definitions

Answer 20

replication

Question 21

quantitative ways to decifer qualitative data

Answer 21

operational definitions

Question 22

explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations

Answer 22

theory

Question 23

testable predictions made by a theory

Answer 23

hypthesis

Question 24

results caused by expectation alone

Answer 24

placebo effect

Question 25

people randomly being assigned into either the control group or the experimental group (similar to random sampling

Answer 25

random assignment

Question 26

experiment in which both researchers and research participants aren’t sure who received the treatment or the placebos

Answer 26

double blind procedure

Question 27

experimental factor being manipulated

Answer 27

independent variable

Question 28

besides the dependent and independent variables, might effect the experiment

Answer 28

confounding variables

Question 29

outcome factor, responds to manipulators, (usually a behavior or mental process)

Answer 29

dependent variable

Question 30

the extent of what an experiment can predict/measure

Answer 30

validity

Question 31

the phenomenon of a person’s behavior changing when they know that they’re being watched

Answer 31

hawthorne effect

Question 32

post experimental explaination of the study, with purposes and descriptions

Answer 32

debreif

Question 33

a sampling process that is flawed and unrepresentative

Answer 33

sampling bias

Question 34

looks at many cases but not in depth, generally meant for estimations, ascertains self-repoted behavior

Answer 34

survey

Question 35

records behavior in natural environments

Answer 35

naturalistic observation

Question 36

a perceived but non-existent correlation

Answer 36

illusory correlation

Question 37

one of the oldest research menthods to examine a group or individual to reveal things

Answer 37

case study

Question 38

helps figure out how close two things vary together and how one predicts the other

Answer 38

correlation coefficient

Question 39

negative if scores relate inverseley, positive if they are normal

Answer 39

correlation

Question 40

taught about children’s case studies by observing and questioning them

Answer 40

jean piaget

Question 41

came up with the idea of natural selection

Answer 41

charles darwin

Question 42

emphasized the effect of childhood on current behavior, strong ties with psychodynamics

Answer 42

sigmund freud

Question 43

thought about the evolved functions of thoughts and feelings, was a feminist who allowed women into his classroom, and ended up privately tutoring two of them

Answer 43

william james

Question 44

admited into james’s graduate seminar in 1890, became a distinguishes memory researcher, and the APA’s first female president in 1905

Answer 44

Mary Calkins

Question 45

describing in detail what happens within the mind, was dysfunctional for multiple reasons

Answer 45

introspection

Question 46

said that knowledge is not prexitsting

Answer 46

aristotle