Unit 7 ASR's

Question 1

Behavioral assessment is conducted:

A.before, (pre) and after, (post), treatment

B. mostly only prior to treatment

C On an ongoing basis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A non-behavioral clinician would ask do you hear voices? What do they tell you? Instead, we would assess:

A. Auditory hallucinations.

B. Client mental status.

C. Neurological indicators of schizophrenia,

D. talking to self without apparent stimulus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A non-behavioral clinician would say that talking to self without apparent stimulus is just a _____Of schizophrenia

A. Behavior

B correlate

C hypothetical construct

D. symptom

Answer 3

D symptom

Question 4

The results of the paired stimulus preference assessment indicate that:

Answer 4

There was greater differentiation in approach as compared to the single stimulus

Question 5

How did Fisher define the high SS item?

Answer 5

Iapproached greater than 80% of trials on SS but Less than 60% in the PS

Question 6

What is the limitation of Fisher?

Answer 6

We don’t know if the high single stimulus item is a reinforcer

Question 7

Found that MSW methods are more efficient than PS method

Paired stimulus method resulted in more distinct rankings, 16.7% of items never selected in multi stimulus method

Purpose: compare multiple stimulus assessments with and without replacement of selected items

Answer 7

Windsor, Multiple Stimulus with Replacement MSW

Question 8

Designed it procedure is to combine best features of PMS and MSW to create a new assessment called the multiple stimulus without replacement, MSWO

Answer 8

Deleon and Iwata

Question 9

Results: high degree of consistency for highest ranked stimulus across all three assessments

MSW method produced more unselected stimuli then MSWO or PS methods

Rankings across assessments were similar and fairly consistent.

MSW and MSWO were more efficient than Paired stimulus

Answer 9

Deleon, Iwata study 1 MSW versus MSWO

Question 10

Results: 43/4 participants, reinforcement effect. That is items that were never selected during the MSW (But were selected during the MSW and PS), increased behaviors when delivered contingently

Conclusions: MSWO identifies more reinforcers then MSW.

MSW produces more false negative outcomes, I E, MSW fails to identify stimuli that could function as reinforcers

Answer 10

Deleon Iwata Study 2: reinforcer assessment. Comparing MSW, MSWO and PS

Question 11

Roane et al. Study 1: preference assessment

Reinforcer assessment A: access to preferred item. No item

Reinforcer assessment B: get preferred item. Get non-preferred item

Answer 11

Results:

reinforcer assessment A: 5 of 6 spent more time in preferred item Square. One never into either Square.

Reinforcer assessment B: 3 of 4 spent more time working for preferred item. One switch back-and-forth

Question 12

Roane et al Study 1 preference assessment

Free operand procedure results

Answer 12

Preferred stimulus identified for all subjects

Question 13

Roane Study 2:

Paired stimulus versus Free Operant

Results:

Answer 13

Eight of 17 subjects highest item was the same in both Paired stimulus and free operant

13 subjects engaged in some amount of problem behavior

11 of the 13 engaged in more problem behavior in the paired stimulus assessment

Average length of parrot stimulus was 22 minutes versus 5 minutes for free operant

Question 14

Roscoe, Absolute and relative reinforcement Effects

Purpose: to compare SS and PS preference procedure is under single and can current schedules

Answer 14

Concurrent procedure may mask reinforcing affects of a less preferred stimulus:
The LP stimulus might be a reinforcer if it’s the only stimulus you can earn. But if you can get a higher preferred stimulus you will work for that then the less preferred

Question 15

Results: SS: all subjects showed uniformly High I approach, Jim exception.

PS: grader differentiation in approach.

For each subject, they identified two stimuli :
High preference approached most frequently in both single stimulus and paired stimulus
Low preference stimulus ranked high in SS, low in PS… had most discrepancy in rankings

Answer 15

Roscoe :

Study 1 preference assessment

Question 16

Roscoe Results:

concurrent reinforcement. For 7!of 8 subjects responding for HP greater than responding for LP

Single reinforcement: four6 of 7 subjects, responding for LP was greater than responding in baseline

Answer 16

Study 2: reinforcer assessment results

Question 17

Roscoe

Conclusions: concurrent schedule masked reinforcement affects of LP stimuli. LP ranks high in single stimulus but low in paired stimulus

Single stimulus method better suited for identifying many reinforcers

Paired stimulus method better suited for identifying most potent reinforcers

Answer 17

Study 2: reinforcer assessment

Question 18

Purpose: to evaluate preferences in a brief, free operant format

Five minutes allows for frequent assessment. Free operant assessments allow You to assess preferences without having to remove the stimuli

Answer 18

Roane, et al : Free Operant assessment

Question 19

Deleon et al

Purpose: to clarify unclear selection based preference assessment results

MSWO can produce undifferentiated outcomes, especially in cases when all items are highly preferred or when none of the items are preferred.
Can result in differentiated outcomes

Answer 19

Duration based assessment

Question 20

Results: MSW: all subjects had only one item that was approached greater than 50% of trials
Duration based: four subjects, seven stimuli equals 28 cases. 23/28 cases equals greater than 50% of session with item interaction
Reinforcer assessment: nine preferred from MSWO but preferred from duration increased responding for both subjects. Non-preferred in both assessments one subject only: no reinforcement affect

Answer 20

Deleon duration based assessment

Question 21

Conclusions: many items in the middle of the pack in MSWO produce high levels of engagement in duration procedure

Based on reinforcer assessment results, this parent was likely because the items were all highly preferred

Answer 21

DeLeone Duration- Based Assessment

Question 22

Duration based assessment designed to determine the extent to which stimuli displaced problem behavior. Sometimes problematic behaviors occur because they produce automatic reinforcers i.e. sensory stimulation.

We can’t control those sensory be in for service so we try to find things that compete with them

.One of the most common reasons for conducting this assessment

Answer 22

Competing Stimulus assessment

Question 23

Identical to the direction based assessment by DeLeone

Each assessment equals five minutes of access to a single stimulus

Dependent variables. :engagement duration or percentage of intervals

Problem behavior, rate, duration or percentage of intervals

Example, Healthy eating items for people with pico

Answer 23

Competing stimulus assessment

Question 24

Assesses reinforcer affectedness as the response requirement increases.

Provides information about the potency of a reinforcer

Tells you the maximum amount of work you can require for a given reinforcer maybe data are still out on this one

Answer 24

Progressive ratio schedules

Question 25

—-Verbal self report. Surveys have been used with elementary school students and children and adults with DD. That’s for data not promising.
Survey results don’t map onto actual choices. Clients need to have a few requisite vocal verbal skills

— Caregiver nomination. Across populations, caregivers are not great at identifying what will or will not be a reinforcer.
RAISD Good example of how to use caregiver report – as an initial step, then do empirical assessment

Pictural assessments: rather than using actual items/activities, present pictures. Advantage: can include activities that would be difficult to present in the standard preference assessment. Dad are good… As long as the client has the necessary prerequisite skills

Answer 25

Other assessments

Question 26

Mixed classes of stimuli. Include edible, leisure. Preference for edibles indicated. With DD clients, contact food and leisure items separately

Answer 26

Additional Considerations: next class is a stimuli

Question 27

Preferences shift overtime so assess often

Answer 27

Additional considerations: stability of preferences

Question 28

The results of the paired stimulus preference assessment indicated that

Answer 28

There was graded differentiation in approach as compared to the single stimulus

Fisher

Question 29

How did Fisher define the high SS item?

Answer 29

High SS was greater than 80% in single stimulus: less than 60% in. Stimulus

Question 30

What is the limitation of Fisher 1992

Answer 30

We don’t know whether the high single Staniels item would be a reinforcer if it was presented alone

Question 31

On which assessment are all stimuli presented on every trial? I.e. if an item is selected it’s put back into the array and available again on the next tile.

Answer 31

Multiple stimulus with replacement, MSW

Question 32

All stimuli presented on first trial, selected stimuli removed on subsequent trials.

Answer 32

MSWO

Question 33

If you want to get a clear preference hierarchy, which preference assessment should you use?

Answer 33

Multiple stimulus without replacement

Question 34

Which method produces the most unselected stimuli

Answer 34

Multiple stimulus with replacement

Question 35

This type of preference assessment is generally considered the most time consuming due to a high number of required trials

Answer 35

Paired stimulus

Question 36

Stimulus engagement and problem behavior Are simultaneously recorded during which type of assessment

Answer 36

Competing stimulus preference assessment

Question 37

…… Assess reinforcer effectiveness as the response requirement increases?

Answer 37

Progressive ratio schedules

Question 38

Efficiency of behavior refers to:

Answer 38

How much effort Is needed for reinforcement to be around

Question 39

Which of the following relies on the pre-Mac principle to determine preferences

Answer 39

Direct observation preference assessment

Question 40

Which Method produce the most unselected stimuli

Answer 40

Multiple stimulus with replacement

Question 41

Why is it important to do a reinforcer assessment?

Answer 41

Highly preferred stimuli identified via preference assessment are only predicted to function as reinforcers

Question 42

Which type of assessment gives you information about relative reinforcement effects

Answer 42

Concurrent operant assessment

Question 43

Which assessment is the most time-consuming because of the high number of trials

Answer 43

Paired stimulus

Question 44

Ecological assessment leads us to assess

Answer 44

Whatever the problem occurs

Question 45

The point of Hawkins model is

Answer 45

Different methods are needed at different stages of the assessment process

Question 46

Concurrent schedule Masked reinforcement affects of Low Preference stimuli , P rank high in single stimulus but low in paired stimulus

Single stimulus better suited for identifying many reinforcers

Paired stimulus method better suited for identifying most potent reinforces

Answer 46

Conclusion Roscoe reinforcer assessment