3- measurement Flashcards
A characteristic of a phenomenon.
A property exists independent of its measurement
Examples: objects have mass regardless of the measurement system used to it.
Events exist in time
Fundamental properties
Measure :
quantify fundamental properties.
Examples:
pounds are a quantifiable measure of mass.
Seconds are a quantifiable measure of time.
Dimensional quantities
A single response occurs in time.
More specifically a response occurs at a certain point in time in relation to a proceeding environmental event.
Fundamental property; temporal locus
A fundamental quality of a natural phenomenon. Johnston and Penny maker, 2008
A Property
They are:
Qualitative. That is they are not measured
Properties of behavior
A dimensional quantity is a
Quantifiable, measurable aspect of a property.
The dimensional quantity associated with temporal locus is
Latency, which is the amount of time between a stimulus and response
A second fundamental property of a single response is derived from the fact that a response occupy his time.
Temporal extent
The amount of time between the beginning and the end of a response cycle.
Duration
The dimensional quantity associated with the fundamental property of temporal extent
Duration
A third fundamental property of a single response
It refers to the fact that a response can reoccur
Repeatability
The number of responses or number of cycles of the response class
Countsbility or frequency
What is the dimensional quantity associated with repeatedly
Countability
These three dimensional quantities, IIRT, rate and celeration arerelated to the combination of these two properties
Repeatability
Temporal locus
Refers to the time between two successive responses; usually the time elapsed between the end of a response cycle and the beginning of the next response cycle.
Dimensional quantity, inter response time
The ratio of the number of responses over some period of time.
Dimensional quantity rate
Fundamental datum in the study of operant behavior
Rate
______. Responding is the ratio of the number of responses over some period of time.
It’s unit of measurement is cycles per unit of time.
It is the fundamental datum in the study of operant behavior
Rate
Refers to change in behavior over time, usually increases acceleration, or decreases, deceleration in rate overtime
Dimensional quantity Celeration
Cycles/ unit of time//Unit of time
Change in rate/time OR # of responses/time/time
Celeration
The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation (Johnson and Pennypacker 2009)
Data
Datum is singular form of the term
Pivotal to the practice of ABA.
Our clinical decisions will be made by a valuation of this
Frequent, repeated allows for I’m going to valuation of our intervention(s)
Considerations;
Observer expectation
Reactivity
Complexity
Completing activities
Representative of behavior
Data
Objective
Refers only to observable
Clear
Readable and unambiguous
Allows replication, technological
Complete
Delineates the boundaries of what is and what is not an instance of behavior. Cooper do you thousand seven
Characteristics of a good response definition
Directly measures a dimensional quantity of behavior.
Most measure occurrence versus non-occurrence and thus measure a dimensional quantity, usually percent
Continuous (direct) Response measures
- Event (Frequency) recording
- Latency recording measures
- Duration recording, either per occurrence or total
- IRT Recording measures into response time
Continuous response measures
- Record time observation began
- Count the responses
- Record time observation ended
- Divide: count/unit of time
- Report as rate per unit of time
Event recording (aka frequency recording)
Use this when:
Free operant
Response has a clear beginning and end
Limitations;
Behavior that occurs for long periods of time.
Discrete trials
High rates of behavior
Event recording
Record time observation began
Record each antecedent
record each response
record time observation ended
record as responses/Antecedents/Unit of time
Event recording of restricted operants
Duration Per session:
Total amount of time individual engages in an activity
- Example: in a one hour observation total number of minutes engaged in tantrum behavior. Four minutes, five minutes each equals 20 minutes.
Duration per occurrence:
Amount of time a target behavior occupies
-. For example: 2 episodes of tantrum. First tantrum equals four minutes, second equals 10 minutes
Duration recording.
when to use:
Behavior that occurs for long periods of time.
Limitations::
not sensitive to behavior that occurs often but not for long periods of time
Unclear start and stop
Duration recording Considerations
Specify whether to start the stopwatch at the onset or at the offset of the stimulus
Specify whether or not to stop the stopwatch at the beginning or end of the response cycle.
If the latter, then you may be confounding latency and duration
Latency recording
Considerations. When to use: how much time occurs between the opportunity to respond and the response?
Limitations; will not provide information concerning accuracy of response
Latency recording
Start timing at the END of the response cycle.
Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle
IRT recording
