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Kin 165 - Motor Development > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infant reflex

A

An involuntary subcortical steretypical response to a stimulus

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2
Q

Subcortical is

A

below the level of the higher brain centers

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3
Q

Stereotypical is

A

patterned

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4
Q

When do most infant reflexes occur

A

First 4 months after birth

and

Last 4 months of prenatal life

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5
Q

Infant reflexes dont go beyond a

A

first year

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6
Q

Lifespan reflexes are

two examples are

A

enduring reflexes such as:

Knee jerk reflex
Flexor withdrawal reflex

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7
Q

Why are infant reflexes important (3)

A

Survival
Foundation for future movement
Used for Diagnosis

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8
Q

What are the two categories of infant reflexes

A

Postural

Primitive

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9
Q

What do postural reflexes do

A

Provide automatic movement that is practice for future voluntary movement - e.g. walking reflex

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10
Q

What happens to postural reflexes over time

A

disappear due to voluntary behaviour surfacing

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11
Q

What is the future voluntary movement that is seen in the infant reflex of Crawling

A

Crawling

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12
Q

What is the future voluntary movement that is seen in the infant reflex of Labyrinthine

A

Upright posture

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13
Q

What is the future voluntary movement that is seen in the infant reflex of Palmar grasp

A

Grasping

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14
Q

What is the future voluntary movement that is seen in the infant reflex of Stepping

A

Walking

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15
Q

What are Primitive reflexes

A

Aid in survival via protection and nourishment

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16
Q

What reflexes are used as diagnostic tools

A

Moro reflex

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

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17
Q

What is the Milani Comparetti NeuromotorDevelopment Examination

A

A test to measure several infant reflexes from birth to 2 years

18
Q

What is the primitive reflex of palmar grasp reflex (3)

A
  1. One of the most noticeable reflex
  2. Endures through 4 months
  3. Leads to voluntary reaching + grasping
19
Q

What is the primitive reflex of sucking reflex (2)

A
  1. Occurs pre and post natally

2. Stimulated by touching the lips

20
Q

What is the primitive reflex of search reflex (3)

A
  1. Helps baby locate nourishment
  2. Baby turns head towards food
  3. Contributes to head and body righting reflexes
21
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Moro (3)

A
  1. Same stimuli as the startle reflex
  2. Precedes the startle reflex and causes the arms and legs to extend immediately rather than flex
  3. Disappears 4-6 months
22
Q

What is the startle reflex (4)

A
  1. Similar to Moro reflex
  2. May not appear until 2-3 months after Moro disappears
  3. Caused by a rapid change of head position or by striking the surface that supports the baby
  4. causes the arms and legs to flex immediately
23
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (2)

A
  1. Causes flexion on one side and extension on the other

2. Not always seen in newborn

24
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Symmetric tonic neck reflex

A
  1. Limbs respond symmetrically

2. Its persistence may impede other motor milestones

25
Q

What happens if you tip the baby forward as they are seated during the symmetric tonic neck reflex (3)

A

Neck flexes
Arms flex
Legs Extend

26
Q

What happens if you tip the baby backward as they are seated during the symmetric tonic neck reflex (3)

A

Neck extends
Arms extend
Legs flex

27
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Plantar grasp reflex (3)

A
  1. Toes grasp
  2. Stimulus is touching the ball of foot
  3. Must disappear before the baby can stand or walk
28
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Babinski reflex (2)

A
  1. Stimulus similar to plantar grasp

2. Test of the pyramidal tract activity for later movement

29
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Palmar mandibular reflex (Babkin reflex)
(4)

A
  1. Eyes close
  2. Mouth opens
  3. Head tilts forward
  4. Stimulus is pressure to both palms
30
Q

What is the primitive reflex of Palmer mental reflex (2)

A
  1. Facial response when the base of the palm is scratched

2. Lower jaw opens and closes

31
Q

What are all of the primitive reflexes (11)

A
  1. Palmer grasp
  2. Sucking
  3. Search
  4. Moro
  5. Startle
  6. Asymmetric tonic neck
  7. Symmetric tonic neck
  8. Plantar grasp
  9. Babinski
  10. Palmar mandibular
  11. Palmar mental
32
Q

What are the postural reflexes (7)

A
  1. Stepping
  2. Crawling
  3. Swimming
  4. Head and body Righting
  5. Parachuting
  6. Labyrinthine
  7. Pull up
33
Q

What is the postural reflex of Crawling (2)

A
  1. Essential to voluntary creeping

2. Observed from birth to 3-4 months

34
Q

What is the postural reflex of Swimming (2)

A
  1. Swimming-like movements when held in a horizontal position
  2. Somewhat controversial
35
Q

What is the postural reflex of Head and Body righting reflex (3)

A
  1. Head “rights” itself with the body when the body is turned to one side
  2. Precursor to rolling movements
  3. Body righting may not be evident before month 5
36
Q

What is the postural reflex of Parachuting reflex (2)

A
  1. Propping
  2. Related to upright posture
  3. This reflex appears to be a “conscious” attempt to break a fall
37
Q

What is the postural reflex of Ladyrinthine reflex (3)

A
  1. Endures throughout most of the first year
  2. Related to upright posture
  3. Head tilts in the opposite direction of body tilt
38
Q

What is the postural reflex of Pull up reflex

A

When the baby is tipped back, the arms flex to maintain the upright position

39
Q

What are the characteristics of stereotypies (7)

A
  1. Observable during infancy
  2. Patterened
  3. Stereotyped
  4. Intrinsic
  5. Involuntary movements of the body
  6. Rhythmical
  7. Believed to precede more complex voluntary movements
40
Q

Who “coined” stereotypies

A

Esther Thelen

41
Q

She grouped stereotypies into what body regions (5)

A
  1. Legs and Feet
  2. Hands and Arms
  3. Fingers
  4. Torso
  5. Head and face

Kin 165 - Motor Development (15 decks)

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