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Kin 165 - Motor Development > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tests did piagett come up with

A

Lazy Susan
Conservation of number
Classic clay sausage test
Paper clip test

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2
Q

How is piaget model similar to Gallahues

A

Ages may vary
Sequence of development is fixed
Universal

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3
Q

What are some criticisms of piaget theory

A 
Lacks scientific control
Used his own children
Last stage is during adolescence
Underestimated childrens capabilities
Complicated terminology
Stages of development were too broad
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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of piaget model

A

Sensorimotor
Properations
Concrete operations
Formal operations

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5
Q

Characteristics of Sensorimotor

A

Infancy = 0 - 2

Intelligence develops from movement actions and their consequences

Movement and environment is critical to thought processes

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6
Q

What are the substages of sensorimotor

A 
Exercise of reflexes
Primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Secondary schemata
Tertiary circular reactions
Invention of new means through mental combinations
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7
Q

Characteristics of Exercise of reflexes

A

0 - 1 months

  1. Repetition of reflexes
  2. Reflexive movements do not need higher brain centers to be activated
  3. Reflexive movements lead to new behaviours
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8
Q

Characteristics of Primary Circular reactions

A

1 - 4 months

  1. Primary because movements always occur in close proximity
  2. Circular because they repeat
  3. Onset of increased voluntary movement
  4. Egocentrism
  5. Results created by accident, repetition
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9
Q

Characteristics of Secondary Circular reactions

A

4 - 8 months

  1. Continuous of primary
  2. Imitation begins = smiling
  3. No permanence = remove object = object is gone
  4. Much repetition
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10
Q

Characteristics of Secondary Schemata

A

8 months - 1 year

  1. Past movement actions applied to new situations
  2. New behaviours emerge
  3. New behaviours are facilitated by increased movement capabilities - crawling exploring
  4. Trial and error
  5. Anticipates actions - catch and roll
  6. Imitate from the past - smoking commercials
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11
Q

Characteristics of Tertiary Circular reactions

A

1 - 1.5 years

  1. Directed grouping
  2. Use of active experimentation to learn
  3. Child realises that use and discovery of an object are different
  4. Reasoning has become established
  5. Capability to delay
  6. Distinguish self from others
  7. Problem solving
  8. Last substage where behaviour is based on immediate
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12
Q

Characteristics of Inventions of new means through mental combinations

A
  1. 5 - 2 years
  2. Child sees objects and others as seperate from self
  3. Understanding properties of objects - size, shape, colour, texture and weight
  4. Semimental functioning - “thinking with the body” is gradually being replace with “thinking with the mind” = reactions become voluntary
  5. TRIAL AND ERROR
  6. Pretend play
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13
Q

Characteristics of Second major stage - Preoperations

A

2 - 7 years = Childhood

  1. Verbal communication
  2. Use of symbols
  3. Relationships of language
  4. Language development
  5. Linked to motor abilities
  6. Flaws in logic
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14
Q

What are the two substages of Preoperations

A

Preconceptual periods = 2 - 4 years

Intuitive = 4 - 7 years

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15
Q

Characteristics of Preconceptual

A
  1. Flawed thinking = dropping flower is sad
  2. Transductive reasoning = misuse of correlation e.g. missed breakfast = no morning
  3. Cause and effect
    Still egocentric
  4. Movement helps social ties
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16
Q

Characteristics of Intuitive Period

A

4 - 7 years

  1. Reducing egocentrism
  2. Improve symbol use
  3. Child cannot “conserve” - realising that certain properties of a substance remain unchanged when the appearance is rearranged
  4. Key characteristic - child cannot consider multiple aspects of a problem = cant “decenter” attention
17
Q

Voids in our cognitive capabilities are known as

A

Horizontal decolodge

18
Q

Characteristics of Third major stage - Concrete operations

A

7 - 11 years

  1. Capable of conservation
  2. Enhanced ability to decenter attention
  3. Reversibility - able to mentally modify, organise or even reverse thought processes
    e. g. reverse the order of balls as they go through a tube
  4. Seriation - ability to arrange a set of variables by a certain characteristic
  5. Learning can be enhanced through movement
  6. Limited in ability to ponder the hypothetical - minimal deductive reasoning
  7. Effect on strategy formulation
19
Q

Characteristics of fourth major stage - formal operations

A
  1. Early to mid adolescence
  2. Ability to consider ideas hypothetically - deductive reasoning
  3. Improved use of symbols
  4. Can coordinate many variables
  5. Interpropositional thought -effect on complex movements
  6. Enhanced level of cognitive ability - solve problems
  7. Aids in emotional development and emerging values
20
Q

Characteristics of Postformal operations

A
  1. Answers become more relative and less absolute
  2. Thrive on detecting inconsistencies in ideas and making them consistent
  3. Advance thinking does not exist in most people
21
Q

What are the two adult intellectual development therioes

A
  1. Total intellectual decline:
    Gradual
    Lacks scientific support
    Based on adult IQ Testing
  2. Partial intellectual decline
    Widely accepted
    Decline occurs in some areas, not others
    Cultural influence - chinese elders revered
22
Q

What happens to adults

A
  1. Respond more slowly to timed tasks
  2. Decline in speed of information processing
  3. Practicing cognitive abilities will delay decline
  4. Movement slows down intellectual decline

Kin 165 - Motor Development (15 decks)

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