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Kin 165 - Motor Development > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Historically, what was the embryo considered?

A

A parasite

Where the environment was protection for the developing embryo

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2
Q

What state is the mortality rate in the US and why

A

Pretty bad

Teen pregnancy
Drug/alcohol use
Lack of prenatal education

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3
Q

What does SFD, AFD and LFD stand for

A 
SFD = Small for date
AFD = Average for date
LFD = Large for date
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4
Q

What do these terms refer to looking at

A

Looking at babies birth weight to see if there is problems

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5
Q

What does premature mean

A

Baby born early

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6
Q

Is the embryo recognisable?

A

No

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7
Q

Is the fetus recognisable?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is the chance of survival at 7 months of gestation

A

50%

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9
Q

What is the chance at 8 months

A

90%

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10
Q

What is the chance at 9 months

A

99%

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11
Q

What is Teratogen

A

Environmental agent that causes harm to embryo/fetus

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12
Q

What is the Epigenetic period?

Is it general or specific?

A

Period of particular susceptibility to harm

Both

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13
Q

What is the general principle with teratogen

A

The earlier the exposure to a teratogen, the more significant the effect

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14
Q

What was thalidomide used for and what did it cause

A

Morning sickness

Made babies deformed

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15
Q

What is the second general principle

A

Hypoxia - effects cognitive ability

SFD

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16
Q

What prenatal complications does smoking have

A

Premature rupture of membranes

  1. Increased chance of spontaneous abortion
  2. Higher rates of stillbirth
  3. Intrauterine growth retardation
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17
Q

What are the behavioural effects of smoking

A
  1. Reduced mental alertness
  2. Reduced visual alertness
  3. Mother is less likely to breast feed
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18
Q

What do people think of exercising during pregnancy

A
  1. Exceeding 120 bpm is too much

2. Not good to start if you were not active before pregnancy

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19
Q

Physically active women who are pregnant can better deal with…

A

Labor pain

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20
Q

What are the ACOG guidelines to exercising when pregnant (6)

A
  1. Do not exercise to exhaustion
  2. Choose non-weight bearing activities
  3. Avoid abdominal trama
  4. Do not overheat
  5. Avoid high altitude exertion
    6/ Resume regimen 4 -6 weeks postpartum
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21
Q

What are some maternal effects with exercises when pregnant

A
  1. Changes in core temperature - can effect the fetus
  2. HGH released - loosens the joints
  3. High heart rate - reduces blood flow to fetus
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22
Q

What is obesity

A

Someone with a bmi over 30

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23
Q

Obesity leads to a two to four times more risk of babies developing what

A

Brain and Spinal defects.

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24
Q

What is the main problem associated with obesity in the pregnant woman

A

Hypoxia = decrease availability for oxygen for the baby - difficult delivery

25
Q

What is the grandmother effect

A

Malnutrition in mother which then has a baby daughter
Then daughter has daughter
Last daughter could have issues

26
Q

What is malnutrition

A

Bad diet

It is generational

27
Q

What happens if there is a reduction in folic acid in the diet

A

Spina bifida

28
Q

What is spina bifida

A

Spinal cord is exposed

Paralysis may occur

29
Q

What are the three types of drugs

A

Prescription
Non-prescription (OTC)
Recreational

30
Q

What is the general rule behind drugs

A

The less drugs the better during pregnancy

31
Q

Drugs have an affect on what is growing and developing the fastest during what period

A

Ingestion of the drug

32
Q

What effects do prescription drugs have

A
  1. May damage growing or developing during time of ingestion

2. May affect fetus when intentions were to effect the mother e.g. thyroid medication

33
Q

What are OTC usually considered as

What do they contain

A

Safe

Many chemicals that could be hazardous to pregnant women

34
Q

What is a great example of a OTC which causes major problems for pregnant women

A

Aspirin

Causes hemoraging and still birth

35
Q

What are obstetric drugs

A

drugs taken during child birth

36
Q

What is the Leboya technique

A

water births

37
Q

What is lemars technique

A

coaching the mother to distract her from pain

38
Q

What is Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure

39
Q

What does Fetal alcohol syndrome cause in children

A
  1. Characteristics of facial features
  2. Mental retardation
  3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  4. Retarded physical growth in stature, weight, head circumference
  5. IQ = 67
40
Q

Whats the best way to stop FAS

A

Do not drink when pregnant

41
Q

What is the chance of FAS if the mother actively drinks

A

40-50%

42
Q

What are the effects of cocaine during pregnancy (4)

A
  1. 25% higher incidence of SGA
  2. Fetal brain damage
  3. Increased chance of miscarriage
  4. Increased risk for SIDS
43
Q

What do “cocaine babies” exhibit (2)

A
  1. 5 times greater chance of mental retardation than general population
  2. Fine and gross motor deficiencies detectable beyond 2 years of age
44
Q

What are the symptoms of the “cocaine baby”

A

Jittery
Irritable
Withdrawn

45
Q

What is the research on Cannabis use during pregnancy (3)

A
  1. Little conclusive research
  2. No know obstetric complications
  3. Drug not thought to alter fetal growth
46
Q

What 4 types of maternal diseases

What are the examples for each

A

Viral - Rubella, HIV

Parasitic - Toxoplasmosis

Hematological - Rh incompatibility

Endocrine - diabetes mellitus

47
Q

What is Rubella also known as

A

German measles

48
Q

What are some of the defects of Rubella

A 
Growth/mental retardation
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Bony lesions
Hepatitis
Cardiac anomalies
Deafness **
49
Q

What is HIV

What is unique with the disease on offspring

A

Human Immunodeficiency virus

Easily passed on to offspring by:
In utero
During delivery
Through breast milk

50
Q

What does HIV cause in the child

A 
Loss of milestones
Failure to attain milestones
Imparied brain growth
Spasticity
Muscle weakness
Ataxia - lack of controlled movement
51
Q

What are the two main problems with Toxoplasmosis in newborns

A
  1. Newborns will experience convulsions

2. Newborns will have motor problems

52
Q

Steps of Rh factor incompatibility (5)

A
  1. Rh+ man , Rh- woman = Rh+ baby
  2. Rh+ blood escapes fetal circulation
  3. Rh+ blood in maternal circulation - treated as foreign
  4. 1st offspring unaffected
  5. Subsequent offspring will elicit antibody reaction
53
Q

What is the mother given after the first delivery if there is Rh incompatibility

A

Rho Gam injection

54
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Rh Incompatibility (4)

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Immature RBCs
  3. Edema
  4. Jaundice
55
Q

What are some of the risks that may cause problems with child (4)

A
  1. If mother is over 35 during time of birth
  2. Already had a child with genetic disease
  3. Family history of genetic disease
  4. Medical history of genetic traits
56
Q

What is amniocentesis

A

Needle through abdominal wall

57
Q

When can genetic testing be done

A

15-20 weeks

58
Q

When can Chorionic villus sampling be done

A

10-12 weeks

59
Q

When can the Alpha fetoprotein blood test be done

What does it detect

A

15-20 weeks

If baby has neural tube defects or down syndrome

Kin 165 - Motor Development (15 decks)

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