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Kin 165 - Motor Development > Unit 12 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor development is…

A

the study of changes in motor behaviour over the lifespan

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2
Q

Adult movement is more commonly studied than other age groups

A

False

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3
Q

The study of adulthood is important for…

A

Person and society reasons

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4
Q

What is Ageism

A

The negative view that many people have concerning advancing age and elderly people

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5
Q

Our ageing society has…

A

Risen

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6
Q

In 1960, how many Americans reached over 100

A

3000

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7
Q

In 2007 - 2011 how many Americans reached over 100

A

55000

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8
Q

In 2050, how many Americans will reach 100

A

2.7 - 5 million

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9
Q

Who is more likely to reach over 100, men or women

A

women

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10
Q

What is ageing… (3)

A

Irreversible and Inevitable change over time

Occurs in all organs

Exerts major influence over the function of organism

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11
Q

What shouldn’t ageing be

A

Negative view of the elderly
End stage
Irreversibly ill
Sitting in the corner staring at the window

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12
Q

What ageing isn’t

A 
Dying
Sick
Poor
Senile
Sexless
Hopeless
Helpless
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13
Q

What declines with age

A 
Cardiac output
Maximum heart rate
Vital capacity
Maximum ventilation
Muscle mass
Muscle fiber length
Nerve conductivity
Brain mass
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14
Q

What increases with age

A 
Blood pressure
Total cholesterol
Vascular resistance
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Heart disease
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15
Q

The aging cycle involves

A

Increase age = decrease exercise

Decrease physical abilities = increase fat

Feeling old = decrease stress, increase self esteem

Further decrease in physical activity

Physical deterioration

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16
Q

What are the cited impediments to decrease in activity

A 
Age
Income
Time
Motivation
Residency
Perception of effort required
Obesity
Perception of poor health
Disability
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17
Q

What are societies expectations on age and physical activity

A

Age barriers

Age more severe than sex biases

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18
Q

What are the stages of Gallahues model from down to up

A 
Infant reflexes
Rudimentary movement
Fundamental movement
General movement
Specific movement
Specialised movement
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19
Q

What does exercise do for nursing home patients

A 
Work capacity
Resting heart rate
HDL
MaxVO2
Bone density
Flexibility
Muscle strength
Mental outlook
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20
Q

Where does the ACSM position stand

A

Strongly supports regular exercise for older people

Improves muscle mass, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, strength increases

Decrease in risk of many diseases

21
Q

The ACSM thinks that exercise improves…

A

Bone health

Postural stability

Reduction in number of falls

Preservation of cognitive ability

Reduction in depression

Enhanced feelings of self control and efficacy

22
Q

The Danish Longitudinal study shows that

A

Active elders demonstrated lower mortality

Fewer heart attacks

Lower hip fractures

More independent life

23
Q

What happens to balance with age

A

Falls are more common

Balance is studied to determine its role in falling

Balance decline late in life and becomes conscious

24
Q

When is postural sway refined

A

During childhood

25
Q

What happens to postural sway in the 6th decade

What happens by the 8th decade

A

gradual decrease

Postural control looks like a 6 to 9 year old

26
Q

Falls cause what…

Falls increase with…

A

More accidental deaths in elderly than anything else

Age

27
Q

What are the causes of falling

A

Reduced vision

Less physical activity

Increased medication

Lower foot raise during walking

28
Q

Who is more likely to fall… men or women

A

women

29
Q

Who is more likely to suffer more from a fall

A

Men

30
Q

What is the % of fractures in falls

Hip fractures occur in

What % of falls is due to tripping

A

5%

1% of all falls

53%

31
Q

50% of elderly are hospitalised from hip fractures die within a year

A

True

32
Q

Half of elderly who fall never regain functional walking

A

True

33
Q

What are the two types of falls

A

Predispositional

Situational

34
Q

What is Predispositional falling

What causes it

A

falling due to Inherent physiology or cognitive ability

Poor balance
Declining flexibility
Disease
Reduced joint mobility
Declining strength
Slower reaction time
Poor vision
Difficulty walking
35
Q

What is situational falling

What are the causes

A

Falling linked to surrounding environment

Alcohol
Clothing
Darkness
Environmental obstacles
Medication
Rushing
36
Q

What are the changes in gait patterns with age

A

Decrease in velocity, step length and step height

Decrease in power during push off phase

Increase in double support phase time = step width

More prone to making contact with flat foot

Greater tendency to out toe

37
Q

Why do these changes occur

A

Decline in skeletal muscle

Decline in CNS

Behavioural changes = fear of falling, depression

Increase in disease

Decrease in physical activity

38
Q

Driving accidents increase after…

Why

A

75 years old

Decrease in vision, reaction time, cognitive abilities

Increase in disease

39
Q

Older drives are much more

A

Passive

Can ignore rights of way

Miss important traffic signals

Cause more damage from their accidents

40
Q

Older drivers are involved in more accidents than younger drivers

A

False

41
Q

What do older drivers have an increase in…

A

Anxiety of losing freedom of driving

42
Q

What happens when older drivers lose their ability to drive

A

More difficult to stay engaged with society

Hard to maintain dignity

43
Q

What is the mobility of consequences model

A

Decline in physical/mental abilities

Decline in skill = reduced driving

Mobility reduced

Reduced activities

44
Q

Reaction time increases with age

A

False

45
Q

Reaction time is..

A

The status of the CNS for cognitive function

Def = The interval from stimulus until beginning of response

46
Q

Movement time is…

Examples

A

Def = The interval from the initiation of the movement until its termination

Short and simple - press a button
Sophisticated - running

Declines systematically in adults

47
Q

The amount of decline in movement time is related to…

A

The complexity of the task

48
Q

What are the reasons for decline in movement time in adulthood

A

Decrease number of functional neurons and muscle fibers

More intense neural stimulation required to make response

Older people sacrifice speed for accuracy

Older people train less in near maximal explosive effort

Kin 165 - Motor Development (15 decks)

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