Unit 7 Flashcards
What is a nation?
a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
What is a nation-state
a sovereign state that has a permanent population, government, defined territory, and is internationally recognized.
What is a need?
basic requirements for human survival such as food, water, shelter, health
What is a want?
what people desire whether or not it is required to survive such as nice clothes or a fancy car.
What are some common motives of a nation?
-Needs of their people
-Providing economic stability, peace and security, self-determination, and humanitarian activities.
What is economic nationalism?
a set of practices to create, bolster, and protect national economies in the context of world markets.
What is protectionism?
a policy of protecting domestic industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors.
What are some things instrumental to having economic stability?
Realting to jobs
high employment rate OR a low unemployment rate
Why is having a high empolyment rate crucial to eocnomic stability?
allow the majority of people to have more money to spend on goods which, in turn, creates more demand and more jobs giving more people more money. (Diagram above)
What is another crucial thing to seure economic stability?
good education system so that all required jobs can be filled.
Why is peace and security important for a nation?
It is difficult for people to be productive when they are constantly in fear - allows poelple to go to school or work and be productive
What protects peace and security in Canada?
Canada, because of the charter of rights and freedoms this is something that the government must provide
Why does peace and security lead to cooperation between nations?
Nations want this same security and often try to work with others to ensure peaceful coexistence
What is decolonization?
Decolonization once viewed as the formal process of handing over the instruments of government, is now recognized as a long-term process involving the bureaucratic, cultural, linguistic, and psychological divesting of colonial power
What does decolonization result in?
Decolonization restores the Indigenous world view
Decolonization restores culture and traditional ways
Decolonization replaces Western interpretations of history with Indigenous perspectives of history
What is self-determination?
determination by the people of a territorial unit of their own future political status
What are humanitarian acts?
often involve people of a community working together to help each other. Often these communities are local but, as we have seen, communities can extend to much broader definitions.
This can involve fundraising and sheltering or protecting those in need.
What is isolation?
When the country completely avoids interacting with the rest of the world.
For example, Japan before 1854 or The United States’ Glorious Isolation prior to the Great War.
What is unlaterlism?
when a country responds to an event by themselves (uni = one)
What is bilaterlism?
when 2 countries are motivated by the same issue and they both respond to it. For example the 1991 agreement between Canada and the US to reduce acid rain.
What is multilaterlism?
involves several countries working together such as when “middle powers” (countries that have some say in things but aren’t superpowers – like Canada) work together to have a more powerful voice than they would alone.
What is liberal internationlism?
Cluster of ideas derived from the belief that international progress is possible, where progress is defined as movement toward increasing levels of harmonious cooperation between political communities.
What is revolutionary Internationlism?
The belief that conflicts within societies are determined by international factors and alliances
What is hegemonic internationlism?
Theory that the world is being integrated based on unequal terms, with the dominance of one nation or nation-state over others.
What is globalization?
is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
What is internationlism?
the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good, sometimes as contrasted with nationalism, or devotion to the interests of a particular nation.
What is continentalism?
a term used to describe the theory of closer ties (eg, in the form of closer trade links, energy sharing or common water-use policies)
What is supranationlism?
when countries agree to abide by the decisions of international organizations. An example would be the European Union because in order to join a nation must give up some of its decision making power in return.
What is NGO?
Non-Governmental Organizations are independent of governments and can be seen as two types, advocacy NGOs, which aim to influence governments with a specific goal, and operational NGOs, which provide services.
What is an INGO?
International Non-Governmental organization extends the concept of a non-governmental organization to an international scope.
What is an IGO?
Intergovernmental Organization is an international organization composed primarily of sovereign states.
What is WHO?
An IGO Founded in 1948 as an agency of the United Nations.
It is responsible for coordinating information about diseases and measuring nutrition, sanitation, population planning and health of mothers and children.
An example of how this ties into what we have been talking about, when the last case of smallpox was recorded, treated, and eradicated it gave everyone more security and peace of mind.
The WHO is also reporting on and partnering with nations to provide assessments and information on the Coronavirus Pandemic, as well as working towards a vaccine.
How does internationlism benefit nations?
In order to prevent catastrophic wars like those of the 20th Century, the world has come together in a multitude of various ways.
By doing this we have been able to promote the 4 things that many nations are motivated by:
Security & Peace
Economic Stability
Self-Determination
Humanitarianism
What is foregin policy?
general objectives that guide the activities and relationships of one state in its interactions with other states. The development of foreign policy is influenced by domestic considerations, the policies or behaviour of other states, or plans to advance specific geopolitical designs.
What are some influences of foregin policy?
People – community groups, ethnic groups, etc.
NGO’s
GO’s – our government, other governments
Experts – universities
Media
Business and industry
Others
How could foregin policy be influenced?
Powerful companies, Members of Parliament, and special interest groups (eg. oil companies) can strongly influence a government’s foreign policy.
Why are foregin policy goals important?
Only states with clear objectives, acting on strong domestic consensus, will be able to deploy significant influence and play an effective role in this new world
What are some foregin policy goals of canada?
Global Affairs Canada will:
Preserve and support Canadian prosperity and security.
Promote a just, inclusive, and sustainable world, with a focus on gender responsiveness.
Implement Canada’s Feminist Foreign Policy, advocating for equal participation in economic, political, social, and cultural life.
Advance rights-based, open, and inclusive societies as a pathway to global safety and prosperity.
Carry out diplomatic, trade, security, and development programs aligned with these commitments.
Are domestic and foreign policies distinctly separate in a globalized world?
No, they are increasingly interconnected as global issues influence domestic policies.
Q: How can environmental issues abroad affect Canada?
A: Pollution in China, Amazon deforestation, and melting polar ice caps can impact Canadian air quality, climate, and biodiversity.
Q: What are some domestic impacts of international trade?
A: International trade influences labor, environmental policies, transportation, consumption, and use of national resources within Canada.
Q: How do international trade rules affect domestic policies?
A: They now impact labor, environmental, and other domestic policies, once solely controlled by individual states.
Q: How can international environmental obligations affect Canada?
They can have major implications for producers, consumers, and both federal and provincial governments in Canada.
How does domestic demand shape foreign policy in a global economy?
A: Domestic demand for fair, open trade increasingly drives foreign policy priorities focused on creating a better international environment for trade.
What is a challenge in balancing national and international interests?
Finding alignment between global environmental commitments and domestic economic priorities, as seen in differing Canadian approaches to the Kyoto Accord
How did the Liberal and Conservative approaches to the Kyoto Accord differ?
The Liberals agreed to Kyoto’s international environmental standards, while Harper’s Conservatives criticized it for being economically costly and created a domestic-focused alternative.
What was Harper’s “Made-in-Canada” approach?
It was a strategy focused on protecting Canada’s environment specifically, emphasizing clean water, land, and energy for future generations over global commitments.
Why did Harper’s government cut funding for Kyoto regulations?
They argued that the economic costs of Kyoto regulations were too high for Canada.
