Unit 3: The Pursuit of National Intrest

Question 1

Why was WWI referred to as the “war to end all wars”?

Answer 1

The scale of destruction was unprecedented, largely due to the industrial revolution, which allowed for the mass production of advanced weapons​

Question 2

What technological innovations in weaponry were introduced during WWI?

Answer 2

Major innovations included machine guns, warships, tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons

Question 3

What made the Battle of Ypres significant during WWI?

Answer 3

It was one of the first uses of chemical warfare, where Canadians bravely defended against German chlorine gas attacks, contributing to Canada’s national identity​

Question 4

What is meant by a “war of attrition”?

Answer 4

It refers to a defensive war where both sides try to wear down the enemy over time, as seen in trench warfare during WWI​

Question 5

What were the conditions like for soldiers in the trenches during WWI?

Answer 5

Conditions were horrific, with constant bombardments, trench foot, lice, and soldiers often getting stuck in barbed wire while going over the top into no-man’s land​

Question 6

Which major battles defined Canada’s role in WWI?

Answer 6

Battles like Ypres, Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele were crucial in shaping Canada’s identity during WWI

Question 7

What internal conflict did Canada face during WWI regarding conscription?

Answer 7

Canada faced a conscription crisis, particularly between the Quebecois and the rest of Canada, as the war dragged on​

Question 8

Why did Italy leave the Central Powers during WWI?

Answer 8

Italy left the Central Powers in pursuit of land and national interest, joining the Allied Powers

Question 9

What caused Russia to leave WWI in 1917?

Answer 9

Russia exited WWI due to internal revolution, as its national interest shifted towards establishing a new government​

Question 10

What factors led to the US joining WWI despite its initial isolationist stance?

Answer 10

The US joined due to Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram, which encouraged Mexico to wage war against the US​

Question 11

Which major empires collapsed as a result of WWI?

Answer 11

The Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and German empires all collapsed by the end of WWI​

Question 12

When was the armistice that ended WWI signed?

Answer 12

The armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, at 11 am​

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Treaty in 1919?

Answer 13

: The Paris Peace Treaty aimed to officially end WWI and set terms for peace, although the harsh conditions contributed to future conflicts

Question 14

What was the main purpose of Wilson’s 14 Points?

Answer 14

Wilson’s 14 Points aimed to create a lasting peace that would encourage international trade and protect the US’s reputation

Question 15

What were some key recommendations in Wilson’s 14 Points?

Answer 15

They included open treaties, disarmament, freedom of the seas, and boundaries based on ethnic self-determination

Question 16

What was the League of Nations, and why was it formed?

Answer 16

The League of Nations, part of Wilson’s 14 Points, was formed to mediate international conflicts and prevent future wars​

Question 17

What were some early successes of the League of Nations?

Answer 17

The League successfully mediated small conflicts, fought against slavery, and addressed worker rights and disease

Question 18

What were the key failures of the League of Nations?

Answer 18

The League failed to prevent large-scale conflicts, such as Japan’s invasion of Manchuria and Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia, weakening its authority​

Question 19

What was the main focus of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 19

The Treaty of Versailles focused on punishing the aggressor nations, particularly Germany, through reparations and territorial losses

Question 20

What was the “war guilt clause” in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 20

The war guilt clause forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI and pay reparations​

Question 21

How did the Treaty of Versailles violate the principle of ethnic self-determination?

Answer 21

The creation of nations like Czechoslovakia ignored ethnic boundaries, leading to future tensions

Question 22

What were the major territorial changes in Europe after WWI?

Answer 22

Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, Poland was re-established with the Polish Corridor, and Czechoslovakia was created from German lands

Question 23

How did the redrawing of European borders contribute to future conflicts?

Answer 23

The creation of new nations and divisions, such as the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, violated self-determination, leading to unrest and the eventual outbreak of WWII

Question 24

What changes occurred in the Middle East after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 24

European powers, especially Britain and France, established control over regions like Iraq and Syria, creating protectorates (a state controlled by another) and resentment​

Question 25

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the Kurds?

Answer 25

Although the Kurds were promised their own nation-state, this was not fulfilled, leaving them scattered across countries like Iraq, Turkey, and Syria​

Question 26

How did Canada’s economy change in the 1920s after WWI?

Answer 26

Canada’s economy initially grew by supplying food to Europe, but this was short-lived, and by the 1930s, depleted soil and drought worsened conditions, leading to the “Dirty Thirties”

Question 27

What did the Statute of Westminster achieve for Canada?

Answer 27

Was a statute ratified by British Parliment which game dominons full legal autonomy It increased Canada’s sovereignty by granting control over foreign and domestic affairs, though the constitution remained British​

Question 28

How did the Great Depression trigger a global economic crisis?

Answer 28

The stock market crash led to inflated prices and debt. As wise investors sold off stocks, prices fell, businesses failed, and the global economy collapsed​

Question 29

What was the political impact of the Great Depression in Canada?

Answer 29

The economic hardships increased support for both communist and fascist ideas in Canada, exemplified by the Winnipeg Riots

Question 30

What key characteristics define fascism?

Answer 30

Fascism is a totalitarian dictatorship that promotes elite power, often through nationalism and racism, supported by propaganda and cults of personality​

Question 31

How do fascist leaders use scapegoating?

Answer 31

Fascist leaders blame minority groups for national problems, using them as scapegoats to rally the populace and justify extreme policies​

Question 32

Why did Japan invade China in 1931?

Answer 32

The Great Depression caused Japan to seek new resources and markets, leading to the invasion of Manchuria. The League of Nations did little to stop this​

Question 33

How did the Japanese government use propaganda in the 1930s?

Answer 33

Japan used propaganda to build a cult of personality around leaders like Emperor Hirohito and General Tojo, turning the populace against Western powers​

Question 34

What triggered Germany’s economic collapse after WWI?

Answer 34

Hyperinflation caused by printing money to support workers during the French occupation of the Ruhr weakened Germany’s economy, leading to the rise of the Nazi Party​

Question 35

How did Hitler transition from minority leader to dictator in Germany?

Answer 35

After being appointed Chancellor, Hitler used the Reichstag Fire (was an arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin) as a pretext to eliminate opposition, passing the Enabling Act, which turned Germany into a dictatorship​

Question 36

How did Nazi propaganda help promote Hitler’s national interests?

Answer 36

Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s propaganda minister, used parades, movies, posters, and even schoolbooks to promote Nazi ideology and national unity​

Question 37

What laws did the Nazis pass to discriminate against minorities?

Answer 37

The Nuremberg Laws legalized discrimination against Jews, stripping them of their rights and reinforcing Nazi racial ideology​

Question 38

How did Nazi Germany use the Spanish Civil War to prepare for WWII?

Answer 38

Nazi forces practiced Blitzkrieg tactics during the Spanish Civil War, testing their strategies for future invasions in Europe

Question 39

What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and why was it significant?

Answer 39

The Nazi-Soviet Pact was a non-aggression agreement that secretly divided Poland between Germany and the USSR, clearing the way for Germany to invade Poland​

Question 40

Why did the international community fail to stop Hitler’s early violations of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 40

Many nations, focused on domestic issues, chose not to enforce the harsh terms of the Treaty, allowing Hitler to reoccupy the Rhineland, remilitarize, and pursue Anschluss​

Question 41

What role did the League of Nations play in the rise of fascism?

Answer 41

The League’s policy of collective security failed to prevent fascist aggression in Japan, Italy, and Germany, contributing to the rise of WWII​

Question 42

What was the Munich Pact, and why is it significant?

Answer 42

The Munich Pact allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland, under the idea of self-determination, as British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sought “peace in our time”​

Question 43

How did Winston Churchill view appeasement?

Answer 43

Churchill believed appeasement was dangerous, comparing it to “feeding a crocodile,” as he foresaw that Hitler would continue expanding​

Question 44

How is appeasement viewed today regarding WWII?

Answer 44

Appeasement is seen as a failure, as it allowed Hitler to strengthen his military and territorial power, with countries like Czechoslovakia sacrificed for peace​

Question 45

Which nations were sacrificed in the name of peace during the 1930s?

Answer 45

In addition to Czechoslovakia, nations like Manchuria (to Japan) and Abyssinia (to Italy) were victims of appeasement policies​

Question 46

Who were the Axis and Allied powers during World War II?

Answer 46

The Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan, all fascist regimes. The Allies consisted of Britain, France, Russia, and other nations​

Question 47

What was the fascist ideology behind the Axis powers?

Answer 47

Fascism supports a dictatorial regime, promotes extreme right-wing values like competition, and fosters ethnic superiority​

Question 48

How did Japan initially gain support during its expansion in Asia?

Answer 48

Japan pushed out European colonial powers, which was initially accepted by local populations. However, repressive rule quickly made Japan another oppressor

Question 49

What atrocities did Japan commit during its expansion?

Answer 49

One of the most infamous atrocities was the Rape of Nanking in 1937, where Japanese forces committed widespread violence and brutality​

Question 50

What was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Answer 50

It was promoted as a trade agreement but ended up benefiting Japan at the expense of the other members​

Question 51

What was Japan’s motivation for attacking Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?

Answer 51

Japan wanted to disable the US Pacific Fleet to ensure its ability to control territories in Asia without interference

Question 52

How did the attack on Pearl Harbor impact the United States’ involvement in WWII?

Answer 52

The US declared war on Japan the day after the attack, leading to Germany declaring war on the US due to the Axis alliance​

Question 53

What event sparked World War II in Europe?

Answer 53

The Nazi-Soviet Pact allowed Germany to invade Poland on September 1, 1939. Two days later, Britain declared war, followed by other nations​

Question 54

What military tactic did Germany use to invade Poland?

Answer 54

Germany used Blitzkrieg, a fast and overwhelming military strategy that overpowered the Polish army​

Question 55

What was the “Phony War”?

Answer 55

The Phony War was a period of diplomatic discussions and little fighting from late 1939 until April 1940, when Germany invaded Denmark and Norway

Question 56

Which countries did Germany swiftly conquer after the Phony War?

Answer 56

Germany quickly took control of Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France, setting up the puppet Vichy Government in France​

Question 57

What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940?

Answer 57

It was an air battle where Germany attempted to destroy the British Air Force. Despite heavy bombings, Britain’s morale strengthened, leading to a British victory
Turning Point

Question 58

What were some of the significant advancements in weapons during WWII?

Answer 58

Advancements included improved tanks, machine guns, unrestricted submarine warfare, incendiary bombs, rockets, and eventually nuclear weapons​

Question 59

What were some major turning points during WWII?

Answer 59

Major turning points included the Battle of Stalingrad (Eastern Front), D-Day (Western Front), the Battle of El Alamein (Africa), and the Battle of Midway (Pacific)​

Question 60

What was Operation Barbarossa?

Answer 60

Operation Barbarossa was Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, aiming to control Soviet resources, but the operation failed due to the harsh Russian winter​

Question 61

What was the significance of the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944?

Answer 61

D-Day marked the largest sea-to-land invasion in history. Canadian forces suffered heavy losses at Juno Beach, while the US lost nearly 2,000 troops at Utah and Omaha beaches​

Question 62

When was Victory in Europe (V-E Day) achieved?

Answer 62

Victory in Europe was declared on May 8, 1945, after Germany’s surrender​

Question 63

When did Japan surrender, officially ending World War II?

Answer 63

Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, following the US’s use of nuclear weapons​

Question 64

How did World War II impact Canada’s homefront?

Answer 64

Canada’s economy improved as the country produced war materials and built a powerful navy. Women worked in factories, and rationing was enforced through the War Measures Act​

Question 65

What role did Canada play in the Battle of the Atlantic?

Answer 65

Canadian ships escorted supply ships across the Atlantic, protecting them from German submarines, which used unrestricted submarine warfare to target supply lines

Question 66

How did European imperialism contribute to tensions leading up to World War I?

Answer 66

European powers competed for colonies in Africa and Asia to expand their empires, creating rivalries. Nations like Britain, France, and Germany vied for global dominance, which fostered distrust and conflict among European powers​

Question 67

How did nationalism fuel tensions in Europe before World War I?

Answer 67

Nationalist movements in Europe, particularly in the Balkans, led to desires for independence and territorial disputes. Ethnic groups, such as the Serbs, sought to form their own nation-states, often clashing with empires like Austria-Hungary, which led to conflicts​

Question 68

What role did the alliance system play in escalating a regional conflict into World War I?

Answer 68

Europe was divided into two main alliances: the Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered a chain reaction due to these alliances, pulling all major powers into war​

Question 69

How did militarism contribute to the outbreak of World War I?

Answer 69

European nations had been building up their military forces, driven by an arms race. Countries like Germany and Britain invested heavily in battleships and advanced weapons, which increased tensions and made war more likely once a conflict began

Question 70

How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to unrest in Germany during the Interwar Years?

Answer 70

The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany. The war guilt clause forced Germany to accept blame for the war, causing economic collapse and widespread resentment, which fueled nationalist and extremist movements like the rise of the Nazi Party​

Question 71

Why was the League of Nations unable to prevent conflicts during the Interwar Years?

Answer 71

The League of Nations, created to maintain peace, lacked enforcement power. Key countries like the US never joined, and the League failed to stop aggressive actions by Italy, Germany, and Japan, which ignored its resolutions. The League’s inability to prevent wars in Manchuria and Abyssinia showcased its weaknesses​

Question 72

How did hyperinflation destabilize Germany in the 1920s?

Answer 72

In the early 1920s, Germany printed massive amounts of money to pay reparations, leading to hyperinflation. Prices skyrocketed, savings became worthless, and the economy collapsed. This crisis weakened the Weimar Republic and made extremist groups like the Nazis more attractive to the populac

Question 73

How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of totalitarian regimes?

Answer 73

The Great Depression caused widespread economic hardship across the globe. In countries like Germany, Italy, and Japan, economic desperation made fascism and other extremist ideologies appealing. Dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s militarist leaders promised recovery and national glory​

Question 74

What was the policy of appeasement, and how did it lead to WWII?

Answer 74

The policy of appeasement involved giving in to some of Hitler’s territorial demands, such as the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, in hopes of avoiding war. The Munich Agreement in 1938 was a key example, where Britain and France allowed Hitler’s expansion, mistakenly believing it would secure peace

Question 75

What was the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Pact in the lead-up to WWII?

Answer 75

The Nazi-Soviet Pact, signed in 1939, was a non-aggression agreement between Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. It secretly divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence and allowed Hitler to invade Poland without fear of Soviet intervention, triggering the start of WWII​

Question 76

What is Blitzkrieg, and how did it contribute to the rapid fall of Poland in 1939?

Answer 76

Blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” was a military strategy employed by Nazi Germany that relied on fast, coordinated attacks using infantry, tanks, and air support. The overwhelming force and speed of the German invasion quickly overpowered Poland’s defenses, leading to its rapid fall​

Question 77

How did Germany conquer France, and what was the Vichy government?

Answer 77

Germany’s rapid invasion of France in 1940, using Blitzkrieg tactics, overwhelmed French defenses. After the fall of Paris, Germany set up the Vichy Government, a puppet regime in southern France that collaborated with the Nazis

Question 78

What was the significance of the Battle of Britain during WWII?

Answer 78

The Battle of Britain was a pivotal air campaign in 1940, where the Royal Air Force (RAF) successfully defended Britain against large-scale German bombing raids. The battle marked the first defeat of Hitler’s military forces and prevented a German invasion of Britain

Question 79

How did the emergence of Nation-States lead to conflict?

Answer 79

These formal unions often led to conflict as states fought over valuable land and resources.

Question 80

How did Imperalism lead to WW1?

Answer 80

With the rise of industrialism, European countries wanted new lands to supply raw materials and to act as markets for finished goods.
Germany, who had entered the imperialism “game” late, only had small areas in Africa.
This led to increased rivalry as a successful war could bring enormous wealth.

Question 81

How did alliances lead to WW1?

Answer 81

A number of alliances had been signed by countries between the years 1879 and 1914. That meant that some countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first.
With many European countries “taking sides”, any squabble or minor conflict would bring them all into a general war.
Canada, Australia, India and many other countries fought because of their historical links with Great Britain.

Question 82

What battleship was introduced by Britian during the Britian-German arms race?

Answer 82

The dreadnought

Question 83

What was the nationalism that caused WW1 a direct result of?

Answer 83

The Congress of Vienna aimed to sort out problems in Europe. Delegates from Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia (the winning allies) decided upon a new Europe that left both Germany and Italy as divided states.

Question 84

Why is WW1 sometimes regarded as unnecessary?

Answer 84

It has been said that WW I did not have to happen!
Political and military leaders, looking after their own interests (nationalism), set into motion a series of policies that they would not back down from.

Question 85

What were the 7 outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 85

Germany had to greatly reduce her army, navy and was not allowed an air force.

Alsace-Lorraine was to be returned to France.

Germany lost all of colonies in Africa, China, and the pacific.

The Rhineland was to demilitarized.

Germany had to recognize the new countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia. Created in part by acquisitions of German lands.

Germany had to sign Article 231, the war guilt clause stating the war was Germany’s fault.

Germany had to pay $33 Billion for death and damages incurred by the victors.

Question 86

What were the political results of WW1?

Answer 86

A discontentment with gov’t - A feeling of disillusionment spread across the world as people bitterly decided that their governments in no way knew how to serve the best interests of the people.

Foregin Policy Changed - Before WWI, war was seen as a noble pursuit for young men to demonstrate bravery and loyalty, but after the war, it was no longer viewed as an acceptable tool of foreign policy.

Question 87

What were the effets on the Central powers after losing WW1?

Answer 87

The Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empire lose.

Germany is reduced in size. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire are dissolved entirely.
Russia pulls out in 1917 due to the Russian Revolution. It later becomes the Soviet Union.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed

New countries were created: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

Question 88

What were the major social results of WW1?

Answer 88

Women entered workforce (due to men fighting), gained right to vote
“Live for the moment” attitude embraced

Question 89

What was the economic result of WW1?

Answer 89

Europes infrasturctues was in shambles and had to be rebuilt
War cost hundreds of billions

Question 90

What were the technological results of WW1?

Answer 90

War brought new love for tech
- Cars and planes viewed as necessary
New weapons such as tanks and submarines and improved power were emphasized
Industrial output had new emphasis

Question 91

What was the largest effetct of WW1?

Answer 91

Treaty of Versailles - lead to rise of hitler and WW2

Question 92

What was the Paris Peace Conference (1919)

Answer 92

Held at various locations in and around Paris from 1919 until January 20, 1920. Leaders from 32 states, representing 75% of the world’s population, attended, but negotiations were dominated by the five major powers that defeated the Central Powers: the U.S., Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. Key figures included Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.).

Question 93

What were the big fours stances during the paris peace conference?

Answer 93

France:
-Diven by nationalism and revenge,
- ught to c**ripple Germany to prevent future conflicts, **
- Their concern was heightened by sharing a direct border with Germany.

Britain:
-Naitionalism fueled Britians desire for Germany to pay for war damages
Bitain also aimed to protect its colonial and naval dominance by limiting Germany’s naval power
less concerned about direct threats due to the “buffer” of the English Channel.

Italy: Italian nationalism played a role in their desire to secure promised territory after switching sides during the war. They wanted to ensure that the land agreements made with the Allies were honored.

United States: President Wilson’s vision, while less influenced by nationalism, was focused on long-term peace, believing that a strong Germany would benefit the American economy. The U.S. was not concerned about a direct German threat.

Question 94

Summarize the wants of the Allied powers after WW1..

Answer 94

Revenge
Protection from future invasion
To be compensated for cost of war
Access to colonies
Master of the seas

Question 95

What was Germany required to sign following the treaty of versailles?

Answer 95

Germany had to sign Article 231, the war guilt clause stating the war was Germany’s fault.

Question 96

What were the reasons that the treaty of versailles failed?

Answer 96

None of the “Big Four” were completely satisfied.
Germany was humiliated by the War Guilt Clause
German economy was destroyed
the financial reparations were forgiven in 1932.
Political strife in Germany = Hitler popularity to rise.
Germany built up military, another war was inevitable.

Question 97

What was the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 97

The Schlieffen Plan was Germany’s WWI strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium, then turn to fight Russia, aiming to avoid a two-front war.

Question 98

What was the initiating point of WW1?

Answer 98

German soldiers invaded Belgium on their way to France as part of the Schlieffen Plan.

Question 99

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

Answer 99

• Russia was expected to take six weeks to mobilize but did so in just ten days.
• Germany believed Belgium would not resist and Britain would stay neutral.
• On August 2, 1914, the Belgian army, supported by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), delayed the German invasion.
• Germany estimated France could be defeated in six weeks, but the French, backed by the Belgians and British, stopped the German advance.

Question 100

How was propganda used in WW1?

Answer 100

To dehumanize the enemy and recrute new soilders

Question 101

Why was Canada pulled into WW1?

Answer 101

Canada’s allegiance (loyalty) in WW1 was to the British Empire.

Canada thus promised troop reinforcements and implemented conscription (Canadians were against this violation of civil liberties). Few Canadian Francophone volunteered.

Question 102

Where was vimy ridge, why was it important?

Answer 102

Vimy Ridge was a strategically important area in northern France that had been under German control since 1914.

Question 103

How many times had the French tried and faile to retake Vimy Ridge?

Answer 103

The French had tried three times to regain Vimy Ridge, losing 150,000 men in the attempts.

Question 104

Who led the assult on Vimy Ridge, how were the troops prepared?

Answer 104

The assault was led by British General Julian Byng, who developed detailed strategies and trained Canadian troops thoroughly, rehearsing movements.

Question 105

How did Canadian Troops prepare for the Vimy Ridge assult on April 9, 1917

Answer 105

Canadian troops bombarded German positions while army engineers (sappers) built tunnels to secretly move troops into forward positions.

Question 106

What were the outcomes of the Canadian assault on Vimy Ridge?

Answer 106

By April 12, 1917, the Canadians had captured the ridge, taking more ground, prisoners, and artillery than any previous British offensive, despite losing over 3500 men and having 7000 wounded.

Question 107

What significance did the victory at Vimy Ridge have for Canada?

Answer 107

It was the first major Allied victory of WWI, and Canadian soldiers emerged with a sense of pride, identity, and respect from other nations.

Question 108

What was Passchendaele?

Answer 108

• Began in July 1917 when Currie and the CEF were called to retake Passchendaele Ridge in Belgium.
• Allies won the battle, but lost over 16,000 Canadians in the process.
  500,000 died between all involved.
  Canadians only gained 7 or 8 km, and lost it back soon.

Question 109

When/Why did the USA enter WW1?

Answer 109

U.S. enters the war (1917)

Germany sank a passenger liner the Lusitania, which angered the American public.

Germany sends a telegram to Mexico promising them lost territories if they go to war with the U.S.

The U.S. govt. is infuriated, and enters the war in 1917. The addition of fresh soldiers, weapons, and supplies, seals Germany’s fate.

Question 110

What caused the end of WW1?

Answer 110

October 1917- Russia leaves the Allies due to Russian Revolution
(Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: marked Russia’s exit from the war)

Germany sends all its soldiers to the Western front for one major battle. They can still not break through the Allies trenches

By late 1917 American troops begin to arrive, the Allies break through German lines

By November of 1918 Germany asks for an armistice (basically a truce)

Question 111

What was the intial spark of WW2?

Answer 111

1939, Germany invaded Poland and starts Blitzrieg

Question 112

What is the largest difference between WW1 and WW2?

Answer 112

WW2 has increased size and causlties

Question 113

How did Germany achieve such great territorial gains?

Answer 113

Due to development f Blitzkreig warfare (lightning warefare)

Question 114

What happend to france in WW2?

Answer 114

Due to new tactics such as blitzkrieg, The Germans conquered France in 6 weeks

Now Germany had complete control of mainland western Europe

Opposite from WW1 when Germany never conqured France

Question 115

Who was left to fight the Nazis after France fell?

Answer 115

After France fell, only the British remained to fight the Nazis.

Question 116

What geographical feature protected Britain from a Nazi invasion?

Answer 116

The English Channel protected Britain from a Nazi invasion.

Question 117

How did the British navy contribute to the defense of Britain?

Answer 117

The British navy, vastly superior, protected the English Channel from German attacks.

Question 118

What strategy did the Germans use against Britain after France fell?

Answer 118

The Germans began terror bombing London.

Question 119

How did the Royal Air Force (RAF) respond to the German Luftwaffe?

Answer 119

The RAF eventually defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain.

Question 120

What is the Laftwaffe?

Answer 120

the aerial warfare branch of the German military during World War II
Luftwaffe was known for its strategic bombing, ground support, and air superiority missions

Question 121

What motivated Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union?

Answer 121

Hitler hated communism and aimed to wipe it out, as well as create “lebensraum” (living space) for Germans.

Question 122

What was the significance of the Eastern Front in WWII?

Answer 122

Largest conflict in WW2

Question 123

What significant operation did the Allies launch on June 6, 1944?

Answer 123

On June 6, 1944, the Allies launched D-Day, the largest seaborne invasion in history.

Question 124

What was the outcome of D-Day for the Allies?

Answer 124

D-Day was successful, leading to the opening of a second front against the Axis powers.

Question 125

What was pearl harbor?

Answer 125

Japanese saw Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) as the pinnacle of America’s military supremacy in the Pacific.
Thought an attack here might force America to pull out of the region, leaving it to the Japanese.

Question 126

What was the result of peral harbor?

Answer 126

President Franklin Roosevelt declared war on Japan the next day (Dec. 8, 1941), Declared war on Germany and Italy (Dec. 11, 1941)

Question 127

How did Canada become involved in WW2

Answer 127

After World War I, Canada became more independent. No longer tied themselves to Britain in terms of foreign policy.

However, on September 10, 1939, Canada declared war on Germany.

Question 128

What term was used to describe immigrants suspected of being spies during wartime?

Answer 128

Enemy Aliens

Question 129

What does “enemy alien” mean?

Answer 129

An enemy alien is someone from (or ethnically connected to) a country that is at war with the country in which they reside.

Question 130

What happened to the Japanese population in Canada after Pearl Harbor?

Answer 130

Approximately 22,000 Japanese Canadians were put in internment camps after Pearl Harbor due to national security concerns.

Question 131

How were the conditions in internment camps for Japanese Canadians?

Answer 131

Conditions included living in stables, separation from family, seizure of belongings, lack of rights, and restricted mobility (fenced in).

Question 132

How were interment camps justified?

Answer 132

As a mean of national security

Question 133

What significant event occurred on April 30, 1945, involving Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis?

Answer 133

Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis committed suicide in their Berlin bunker on April 30, 1945.

Question 134

When did Germany officially surrender, marking the end of the war in Europe?

Answer 134

Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, known as Victory Day in Europe (V-Day).

Question 135

What major action did the United States take on August 6, 1945?

Answer 135

The United States dropped a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima, killing over 80,000 people instantly.

Question 136

What happened in Nagasaki shortly after Hiroshima, and what was its impact?

Answer 136

On August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, killing around 70,000 people, leading to Japan’s surrender six days later.

Question 137

Why are Soviet Unioun deaths so much higher?

Answer 137

Poor Leadership - Stalin killed many leaders during the Great Purge, so military leaders didn’t have experience compared to Germans
War of Extermination - The Nazis thought of Slavs (eastern Europeans) as subhuman and it was an extremely bloody war.