Unit 4: Growth of Ultranationalism Flashcards
What is Ultranationalism?
An extreme form of nationalism
What is a tendency of ultranationalisits?
Move from valueing own nation and values to hostility toward people of other nations, may also include elements of racism and fanaticism and fear of other who challenge beliefs
What are two characterisitcs of Ultranationalists?
Promote their own national economic, social, and cultural intrests while ignoring others intrests
this exaggerated form of nationalism can inspire people to invade and take over other countries
How did the russian revolutino lead to rise of Stalin
The russian revolution in 1918 led to civil war between pro and anit-czar forces
Joshepg Stalin emerges as Russias Leader (1928)
Confiscared farmers’ land and created collective farms owned by the state
What were the results of Russian ultranationalism?
Those who objected were sent to Siberian Labour camps
Ukranian farmers refused stalin and their crops were taken and up to 10million Ukransians starved to death in 1930’s
What is propganda?
Info and ideas that spread to achieve a specific goal - is often dishonest, misleading, minuplates emotoin such as fear
What are some methods of propoganda?
Play down own failures, use words to hide truth, use respected symbols, appeal to peoples emotions
What is indocrination?
Repeating a word over and over to the point that people stop questioning the governmetns objectives
What are examples of propganda Stalin used?
Posters, Slogans, Speeches, Articles, Banners
How did Hitler utilize propganda?
Used newspapers, radio,film along with Joseph Goebbles as minister of public enlightenment and propoganda
Who was Jospeh Goebbels?
Hitlers, minister of public enightenment and propganda
Controlled all forms of media
Convinced German people they were superior and Jews were evil
What are some ways ultranationalism develops?
Social and economic crises
Emergence of a charismatic authoritarian leader
National traditions and myths that promote feelings of superiority
How did ultranationalism develop in the 1930’s?
Countires in Crisis - great depression, and NY Stock market crash caused economic turmoil
What factors specifficaly in Germany lead to WW2?
Hit hard by effects of Stock Market Crash known as Black Tuesday
great depression was ecpessicaly difficult because of treaty of versailles
Extreme inflation caused by great depression had dramatic effects
How did WW1 contribute to hitlers rise?
People needed strong leadership, Hitler ruled as a dictator suspended freedom of press and assembly
What lead to ultranationalism in Japan?
Japanese exports to USA and Europe fell during the great depression
Failed rice crop lead to mass famine
Japan invades Manchuria for it’s raw resources and markets for Japense products
Why was Hitler so impactful?
Charistmatic and Driven Leader
- Inspireed enthusiasim
- Put fear into those who questioned him
- Used deadly force against those who opposed him
What was Hitlers big promise?
To restore germany to worlds leading nation, which affectivly drew followers toward him
How did the Nazis utlize propoganda?
Propoganda was used to maintain Hitlers image, carefully placed messages to influence Germans
Who were the two leaders in Japan?
Hirohito and Tojo
What political changes happend in Japan pre-WW2?
Ultranationalists rid Japan of Democracy installed a one-party state ruled by military
What were the social changes in Germany that led to increased support for the Nazis?
Everyone were tought Nazi values, teachings that opposed theses were forbidden, history books rewritten to glorify Germany
What was the Night of the Broken Glass or Kristallnacht
Group of Nazi nationalists destroy thousands of Jewish synagogues, businesses, community centres and homes throughout germany and austria
Arrested and beat up Jewish people, vandalized cemeteries
What were the anti-jewish laws?
Basic rights of Jews stripped by Hitler:
No longer property or businesses
Forbidden to own vehicle or have license
Jewish children couldnt attend schools or uni
Couldnt be doctors, lawyers or uni profs.
What was the ultranationalist call of germans?
‘Master Race’ - called to rebulid empire, the third Reich
Nazis sought to rid anyone who didnt uphold nazi values - jews, homosexuals, mentally/physically handicaped, blacks, slovaks, catholics
What were the ultranationalist values is Japan?
Return to ancient values including worship of the emperor and belief that japanese people are superior
Why did no one oppose ultranationalism?
Didnt want to trigger massive second world war - lead to appeasment policy (giving into demands)
Why did appeasment fail?
Because Hitler takes all of Czechoslovakia breaking deal that germany wont expand past granted land
What happens in Italy before WW2?
Benito Mussolinin establishes self as dictator of Italy, rules through fear, suppresses opposition, instilles absolute loyalty, wishes to conquer territory
What lead to the invasion of Ethiopia by Italy?
Italian ultranationalists are upset because they believe they should have been given Ethiopia in the treaty of versailles
What was the worlds response to italy invading Ethiopia?
League of Nations calls for sanctions but many nations (including US) ignores
After germany invades Poland in 1939 what is the worlds response?
War - leads to WW2
What is Canadas response to WW2?
Canadian PM Mackenzie King calls for a “Total effort in a total war”
Canadians are encouraged to joined armed forces or work in essential services
Propganda is used to encourage canadians to enlist/buy war bonds (finance war)
What propaganda does Canada enlist during WW2?
Germany is evil enemy
Canada fighting for freedom of mankind
Used to recruit soilders and to invest in war bonds
All war related letters are censored
What were the people that suffered due to internment camps in WW1?
Ukranian canadians - many had austro-hungarian passports because they occupied much of Ukraine, Canada fears that they would pass info to enemy
Forced to carry cards identifying them
What happend to Japanese people during WW2?
Subjected to discrimination, gov’t seized houses businesses and sold at bargain prices, treated like prisoners
What was created after WW2 to maintain peace?
United Nations
What are crimes against humanity?
Widespread or systematic attacks vs. a civillian population. ie: Murder, enslavement, torture, rape
What are the three crimes?
Genocide
Crimes against humanity
War Crimes
What is genocide?
Killing of members of a national, ethnic, ractial, or religious groups to bring about its physical destruction
What are war crimes?
Willful killing, torture, or inhuman treatment casuing suffering
How can ultranationalism lead to crimes against humanity?
May start w/ segregating people and denying rights
Others often blamed for what goes wrong (scapegoating)
What makes a crime a gencoide/crime against humanity?
State-sponserd
What are three prominent examples of crimes against humanity?
Genocide in Turkey
Famine in Ukraine
Holocaust
What was the genocide in Turkey>
Armenians suffered discrimination and fought for self determination
Young tukrs orders for massacer of armenians
Turksih gov’t still denies deaths took places
What was the famine in ukraine?
After Kulaks (rich ukranian farmers) refused stalins policy of state owned farms there crops and were burned and livestock killed. Furthermore stalin shipped ukranian wheat sealing ukraines borders. This resulted in a major famine
What was the halocaust?
Genocide of 6 million Jews during ww2. Hitler wished to build empire of pure Aryans
Was a direct result of ultranationalism in germany
What was the bombing of hiroshima>
Drop of atomic bomb on hiroshema to end WW2. USA rationalized this actino by claming ultranationlism would prevent japan from surrendering
What was created as a last resort to trial criminals?
International Criminal Court - will only act if someone accused of war crimes/genocide/crimes agsint humanity aren’t tried in national court
What crime against humanity occured in Yugoslavia?
Milosevic (leader of Federal Republic of Yugoslovia) proposed ethnic cleansing to rid Serbia of unwanted nationalities
What was the UN’s response to the crisis in Yugoslavia?
Peacekeepers sent to bosnia to deliver humanitarian aid
Mislosevic was put on trial by International Criminal Court (dies before trial ends)
What was the humanitarian crisis in Rwanda?
The humanitarian crisis in Rwanda was a genocide in 1994, where ethnic tensions between the Hutu majority and Tutsi minority escalated into mass violence. Over 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed within 100 days. Colonial rule by Belgium had deepened these divisions, as Belgians had favored Tutsis over Hutus, creating a legacy of ethnic tension that contributed to the violence.
Who was Oskar Schindler?
Businessman in WW2 who profited from german army contracts
Employed 1200 Jews and did many things to prevent Jewish workers from being sent to camps
Who is Feng Shan Ho?
Chinese consul in Vienna who gave fleing Jews visas to Shanghai
His actions help 18,000 Jews escape
(Cost him his Job)
Who is Paul Rusesabagina?
Harboured Tutsis and moderate Hutus during rwandan genocide
Contacted influential people to ward off Hutu army
What is xenophobia?
Xenophobia is an intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries
What can ultranationalism lead to when promoted by a government?
Ultranationalism can lead to fanatical loyalty to one’s group and hostility towards others, often resulting in discriminatory policies and actions.
What controversial law did Arizona pass in 2010 regarding immigration?
The law allowed police to pull over anyone suspected of being an illegal immigrant and demand immigration papers, leading to concerns of racial profiling.
What was one example of ultranationalism during World War One in Canada?
The internment of Ukrainian Canadians in camps, such as the one near Banff, is an example of ultranationalism during WWI.
How were Japanese Canadians treated during World War Two?
Japanese Canadians were forcibly removed from their homes, their property confiscated, and they were placed in internment camps, despite many being born in Canada.
What was apartheid, and where was it implemented?
Apartheid was a policy of legal racial segregation and discrimination against Black people and other “colored people,” implemented in South Africa in 1948.
How did Stalin suppress Ukrainian nationalism during the Holodomor?
Stalin collectivized farms, took food from Ukraine to fund industrialization, and suppressed Ukrainian national identity, leading to a man-made famine that killed millions.
What was the “Final Solution” during World War II?
The “Final Solution” was the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people, resulting in the death of nearly 6 million Jews and millions of others deemed “inferior.”
Where were the Nazi war crimes trials held after World War II?
The Nazi war crimes trials were held in Nuremberg, symbolically chosen because of the Nuremberg Laws that legalized discrimination against Jews.
What was the response of NATO during the Bosnian War?
What crime against humanity was this a response t?
NATO intervened with airstrikes against Serbian forces after the UN peacekeepers were unable to stop atrocities like the Srebrenica massacre.
What was the Janjaweed, and what did they attempt in Sudan in the 2000s?
The Janjaweed were a militia that attempted genocide against native Africans rebelling against the Arab government in Sudan.
What is decolonization?
It is the process that occurs when an imperial power withdraws from a former colony, allowing the colony to exercise sovereignty under international law and join the UN.
What was the outcome of Scotland’s 2014 independence vote?
55% of voters chose to remain in the UK, while 43% voted for independence.
What was one consequence of the UK’s decision to leave the European Union (Brexit) for Scotland?
Many Scottish people were frustrated as they had not been part of the decision-making process, and many wanted to remain in the EU.
How did Nunavut’s creation in 1999 reflect self-determination?
The creation of Nunavut was a successful example of self-determination, where Inuit were granted decision-making rights over land and resources.
What is the role of self-determination in First Nations governance in Canada?
First Nations people seek self-government, where they can determine their own political status and control economic development, rather than pursuing full independence.
What is a key reason for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
Since 1948, Israel has displaced many Palestinians, who have lived in the region for generations, leading to ongoing conflict over territory and right
What were the main issues between Serbian and Albanian Kosovars during Kosovo’s independence?
While Albanian Kosovars supported independence, Serbian Kosovars strongly opposed it, leading to a struggle over national identity and territory.
