Unit 5: National Intrest and Self Determination Flashcards
What is self determination?
Right to govern self (sovereignty)
Ability to take responsibility for self
Protect national interests
Feel more secure
Government rule based on the ideology of the majority
What are the two types of self determination/soverignety?
Decolonization (independence)
Sovereignty association (Asymmetrical federalism)
What is the result of marginlization?
When a group feels disrespected, they will seek out self-determination
What were some consquences of colonilism in India?
India
Initially controlled by the British East India Company
British government took official control 1858
Pros
Building infrastructure
Improved education and health care
Cons
Paternalistic attitudes
Attempted assimilation
What are the two ways people in India rejected colonial rule?
Rebellions
Civil Disobedience (Ghandi)
Why is civil disobedence effective?
Peaceful - wears colonizers down
What occurs in India following the rejection of colonial rule?
1947 – India gains independence
What is the result of decolonization in India?
The creation of pakistan (Musilm) and bangladesh (Due to distance from other half of pakistan)
The creation of Pakistan and Bangladesh has lead to what?
Unfortunately this division has been violent right from the very start as the different groups seek domination over the other, and disagreements over territory (especially in Kashmir region)
How did self determination in the Balkans lead to conflict?
Ethnic conflucts in the “Powder Keg of Europe”
and after WW2 the creation of Yugoslavia
What is the difference between two Yugoslavian leaders Tito and Milsoevic?
Tito spressed any nationlist experssion whereas Milsoevic encourgaes naitional expressions - especially for Serbs - leads to worst violence since WW2
What are forms of modern Balkanization?
Communication tech - we seek out info that agrees with our opinions, meaning we are more willing to attack those who disagree with us
How has the legacy of colonial rule in Africa affected that region?
Newly independent governments often corrupt, violent and inefficent
How did the government restrict First Nations’ cultural practices and daily lives under its policies?
First Nations were forbidden from speaking their languages, practicing traditional religions, wearing regalia, or holding ceremonies like the potlatch. Residential schools were introduced, and alcohol, ammunition, and pool hall access were restricted.
What political measures were implemented to limit First Nations’ autonomy?
The government imposed the “band council” system, banned political organizations, and required First Nations to get permission from Indian Agents to leave reserves.
How did the government control First Nations’ land and economic activities?
Reserve lands could be expropriated for public works or leased to non-First Nations, and a permit system was introduced to control the sale of products from First Nations farms.
How were the Inuit people taken advantage of by the Canadian gov’t?
weren’t given treaties
Education run by federal gov’t
Moved to northern communities for canadian land claims
What effect does the migration of inuit people to northern communities have?
Lose connection w/ traditional land
More dependent on the gov’t
Impact on indiviudal and collective identity
What was the result of reconciliation between Canada and the inuit?
The creation of Nunavut
What are land claims?
The claim for control over local resources
Self determination (education, law, health and wellness)
What is the main concern wit Land Claims?
further break up Canada and national unity
What is the main issue with land claims from an indigenous perspective?
what groups still doesnt have their land claim
They are slow
The United Nations has formally reprimanded the Canadian government for these actions.
Illegal to fight land claims until the 1950s, most court cases launched in 1970s and 1980s
James Bay – 1971 – early 2000s
Lubicon – still don’t have reserved land
What was the oka crisis?
conflict over golf course expansion on sacred ground that was being contested in the courts
Protests = police officer killed, military brought in, final settlement – feds now control the land
What was the Ipperwash conflict (1995)
–conflict over land the government had taken in WW II
Protests – police officer kills a protestor, leads to hearings that decide the land must be returned, agree to return the land in 2007, settlement finalized 2016
What are key aspects in Metis self-determination?
Metis were not First nation (under Royal Proclomation)
THUS…..
1938 – Alberta creates reserved land for Metis (unique to our province)
When Manitoba created Metis people were given deed to land called scrip
Separated families, didn’t know true value = sold them
What did the Royal commisino on Aboriginal People find?
the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the government needed to change significantly
The report stated that there must be mutual recognition and respect and a shared responsibility for supporting each other.
Need for Aboriginal self-determination (sovereignty association
What were some political decisions in regard to aboriginal self-determination?
1613 Wampum Belt – agree to live together but not interfere in each other’s lives
Royal Proclamation of 1763 – recognized First Nations sovereignty (= why we had to sign treaties for the land)
1998, 2008 – formal apologies = government recognizes wrong doing
What does the UN decleration on self determination state?
- All peoples have the right of self-determination. They may freely pursue their political, economical and social development.
- All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth.
What is decolonization?
The granting of independence from a mother country to a colony.
What are successor States?
When large nations break up, the states that result are called successor states. A good example was the Soviet Union.
How might a nation within a nation use a referenda?
A nation within a nation might use the process of referenda to achieve self-determination.
Yes or No
How can third party involvment help in prusiuit of self-determination?
Sometimes a 3rd party such as the UN or International court can, through dialogue and negotiations, come up with a legal framework for a nation to gain self-determination. This method is usually less successful.
What is the UN’s perspective on self-determination?
Encourages it because the UN thinks it will contribute to peace
What is scotland an example of?
asymmetrical fedrelism
