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Bio201 > Unit 6: Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Unit 6: Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory receptors are also called

A

Transducers

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2
Q

Sensory receptors convert _______ to _______

A

stimuli to electrochemical activity

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3
Q

What are the 3 types/categorizations of sensory receptors

A

By modality, by origin of stimuli, and by distribution

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4
Q

Give a few examples of modality sensory receptors

A

Thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors

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5
Q

What are the 3 origins of stimuli for sensory receptors

A

Interoreceptors (within)
Proprioceptor (movement)
Exteroceptor (external)

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of distribution categories for sensory receptors

A

General
Special senses (taste, sight, hearing, etc.)

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7
Q

Somesthetic sense pathways are AKA as

A

General sense pathways

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8
Q

How many neurons are involved in a somesthetic sense pathway

A

3

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9
Q

First order neurons originating from cranial nerves travel through the

A

pons and medulla

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10
Q

First order neurons originating from spinal nerves travel through the

A

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

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11
Q

Large and fast myelinated axons deliver what type of senses

A

Touch, pressure, proprioception

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12
Q

Small and slow unmyelinated axons deliver what type of sense

A

Temperature

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13
Q

What do second order neurons do

A

Transmit message to opposite side of medulla OR spinal cord, ultimately ending in the thalamus

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14
Q

What do third order neurons do

A

Extend from the thalamus to the primary somesthetic cortex of the cerebrum

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15
Q

The somesthetic cortex is in which lobe of the cerebrum

A

Parietal

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16
Q

Pain receptors are called

A

Nociceptors

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17
Q

Nociceptors are found

A

Everywhere except for the brain

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18
Q

Fast pain is described as ________ and travels at _______ m/s along myelinated axons

A

Sharp, local, stabbing
30 m/s

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19
Q

Slow pain is described as ______ and travels at ____ m/s along unmyelinated fibers

A

Long-lasting, dull, diffused
2 m/s

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20
Q

Somatic pain comes from

A

the surface (skin, joints, muscle)

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21
Q

Visceral pain comes from

A

Stretching of organs, chemical irritants, ischemia

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22
Q

5 tastes

A

Salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami

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23
Q

Taste is affected by

A

Texture, smell, temperature, appearance, spice

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24
Q

Molecules must be ______ to be tasted

A

soluble in saliva

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25
Tastes are detected where on the tongue
All over
26
Which nerves are involved with taste
7 (facial) 9 (glossopharyngeal) 10 (vagus)
27
When tasting, messages are sent along fibers from ______ to _______ and _______, then to the _______, ending in the _________
medulla hypothalamus and amygdala thalamus postcentral gyri of cerebrum
28
Smell receptor cells form the
olfactory mucosa
29
Olfactory neurons have # _______
20 cilia
30
Smell travels from ______ through the ______ to _________
axons through the cribriform plate to olfactory bulb
31
T/F Olfactory neurons are mitotic
True
32
Explain the path that sound travels through the ear
Through external auditory meatus to vibrate the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles vibrate, then cochlear membrane vibrates which bends cilia causing ion channels to open and depolarize = msg sent
33
Where is sound perceived
Temporal lobe
34
Where are the auditory ossicles
Middle ear
35
What are the auditory ossicles
Stapes Incus Malleus
36
What connects the middle ear to the pharynx and why
auditory/eustachian tube relieves air pressure
37
The inner ear has pathways to the temporal lobe called
Bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth
38
The labyrinths in the ear and filled with
Electrolyte fluids
39
Stereocilia are surrounded by
Potassium
40
What causes ion channels to open in ear
Cochlear membrane bends the stereocilia
41
Which nerve is supports hearing
Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)
42
What are crista ampullaries and what is their purpose
Gelatinous membranes within the semicircular canals Move when body moves which alerts body to change in orientation, helps with equilibrium
43
Define conjuctiva
sensitive and vascular mucous membrane around eyelid and most of eyeball
44
Define lacrimal apparatus
produces tears to clear eye
45
What are the layers of the eye from outer to inner
Fibrous Vascular Sensory
46
What is included in the fibrous layer
Scelra and cornea
47
What is included in the vascular layer
Choroid, ciliary body, and iris
48
What is included in the sensory layer
Retina and optic nerve
49
What are the 4 optical components
Cornea Aqueous humor Lens Viterous humor
50
Define optical component
transparent parts of the eye which bend light to focus it on the retina
51
Define cornea
Transparent covering of eye
52
Define aqeous humor
clear serous fluid between cornea and lens
53
Define lens
Bends to focus light and is suspended by suspensory ligaments
54
Define viterous humor
Jelly filled space between lens and retina
55
Where is your blind spot
Optic disk
56
Define optic disk
Area where optic nerve exits eyeball
57
Define pupillary constrictor
Circular muscle of iris, smooth muscle around pupil
58
Define pupillary dilator
Radial muscle of iris, spokelike
59
Define emmetropia
Easily focused on long distance
60
For near sight, what 3 things must happen
Convergence of the eyes Constriction of the pupil Accommodation of lens (shape change)
61
Define hyperopia
Farsighted
62
Define myopia
Nearsighted
63
What is responsible for color vision
Cones
64
What allows us to see white and black
Rods
65
What is primarily used for night vision and where are they located
Rods Around edge of retina
66
What is primarily used for day vision and where are they located
Cones Center of retina (fovea)
67
______ have a direct line to the brain (vision)
Cones
68
What requires extensive neuronal convergence (vision)
Rods
69
Which is higher resolution: rods or cones
Cones
70
Define photopsins
Absorption peaks of cones Red, blue, green

Bio201 (12 decks)

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