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Bio201 > Unit 6: Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Unit 6: Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory receptors are also called

A

Transducers

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2
Q

Sensory receptors convert _______ to _______

A

stimuli to electrochemical activity

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3
Q

What are the 3 types/categorizations of sensory receptors

A

By modality, by origin of stimuli, and by distribution

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4
Q

Give a few examples of modality sensory receptors

A

Thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors

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5
Q

What are the 3 origins of stimuli for sensory receptors

A

Interoreceptors (within)
Proprioceptor (movement)
Exteroceptor (external)

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of distribution categories for sensory receptors

A

General
Special senses (taste, sight, hearing, etc.)

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7
Q

Somesthetic sense pathways are AKA as

A

General sense pathways

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8
Q

How many neurons are involved in a somesthetic sense pathway

A

3

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9
Q

First order neurons originating from cranial nerves travel through the

A

pons and medulla

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10
Q

First order neurons originating from spinal nerves travel through the

A

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

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11
Q

Large and fast myelinated axons deliver what type of senses

A

Touch, pressure, proprioception

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12
Q

Small and slow unmyelinated axons deliver what type of sense

A

Temperature

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13
Q

What do second order neurons do

A

Transmit message to opposite side of medulla OR spinal cord, ultimately ending in the thalamus

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14
Q

What do third order neurons do

A

Extend from the thalamus to the primary somesthetic cortex of the cerebrum

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15
Q

The somesthetic cortex is in which lobe of the cerebrum

A

Parietal

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16
Q

Pain receptors are called

A

Nociceptors

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17
Q

Nociceptors are found

A

Everywhere except for the brain

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18
Q

Fast pain is described as ________ and travels at _______ m/s along myelinated axons

A

Sharp, local, stabbing
30 m/s

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19
Q

Slow pain is described as ______ and travels at ____ m/s along unmyelinated fibers

A

Long-lasting, dull, diffused
2 m/s

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20
Q

Somatic pain comes from

A

the surface (skin, joints, muscle)

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21
Q

Visceral pain comes from

A

Stretching of organs, chemical irritants, ischemia

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22
Q

5 tastes

A

Salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami

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23
Q

Taste is affected by

A

Texture, smell, temperature, appearance, spice

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24
Q

Molecules must be ______ to be tasted

A

soluble in saliva

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25
Q

Tastes are detected where on the tongue

A

All over

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26
Q

Which nerves are involved with taste

A

7 (facial)
9 (glossopharyngeal)
10 (vagus)

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27
Q

When tasting, messages are sent along fibers from ______ to _______ and _______, then to the _______, ending in the _________

A

medulla
hypothalamus and amygdala
thalamus
postcentral gyri of cerebrum

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28
Q

Smell receptor cells form the

A

olfactory mucosa

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29
Q

Olfactory neurons have # _______

A

20 cilia

30
Q

Smell travels from ______ through the ______ to _________

A

axons through the cribriform plate to olfactory bulb

31
Q

T/F Olfactory neurons are mitotic

A

True

32
Q

Explain the path that sound travels through the ear

A

Through external auditory meatus to vibrate the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles vibrate, then cochlear membrane vibrates which bends cilia causing ion channels to open and depolarize = msg sent

33
Q

Where is sound perceived

A

Temporal lobe

34
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles

A

Middle ear

35
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

Stapes
Incus
Malleus

36
Q

What connects the middle ear to the pharynx and why

A

auditory/eustachian tube
relieves air pressure

37
Q

The inner ear has pathways to the temporal lobe called

A

Bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

38
Q

The labyrinths in the ear and filled with

A

Electrolyte fluids

39
Q

Stereocilia are surrounded by

A

Potassium

40
Q

What causes ion channels to open in ear

A

Cochlear membrane bends the stereocilia

41
Q

Which nerve is supports hearing

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

42
Q

What are crista ampullaries and what is their purpose

A

Gelatinous membranes within the semicircular canals

Move when body moves which alerts body to change in orientation, helps with equilibrium

43
Q

Define conjuctiva

A

sensitive and vascular mucous membrane around eyelid and most of eyeball

44
Q

Define lacrimal apparatus

A

produces tears to clear eye

45
Q

What are the layers of the eye from outer to inner

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Sensory

46
Q

What is included in the fibrous layer

A

Scelra and cornea

47
Q

What is included in the vascular layer

A

Choroid, ciliary body, and iris

48
Q

What is included in the sensory layer

A

Retina and optic nerve

49
Q

What are the 4 optical components

A

Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Viterous humor

50
Q

Define optical component

A

transparent parts of the eye which bend light to focus it on the retina

51
Q

Define cornea

A

Transparent covering of eye

52
Q

Define aqeous humor

A

clear serous fluid between cornea and lens

53
Q

Define lens

A

Bends to focus light and is suspended by suspensory ligaments

54
Q

Define viterous humor

A

Jelly filled space between lens and retina

55
Q

Where is your blind spot

A

Optic disk

56
Q

Define optic disk

A

Area where optic nerve exits eyeball

57
Q

Define pupillary constrictor

A

Circular muscle of iris, smooth muscle around pupil

58
Q

Define pupillary dilator

A

Radial muscle of iris, spokelike

59
Q

Define emmetropia

A

Easily focused on long distance

60
Q

For near sight, what 3 things must happen

A

Convergence of the eyes
Constriction of the pupil
Accommodation of lens (shape change)

61
Q

Define hyperopia

A

Farsighted

62
Q

Define myopia

A

Nearsighted

63
Q

What is responsible for color vision

A

Cones

64
Q

What allows us to see white and black

A

Rods

65
Q

What is primarily used for night vision and where are they located

A

Rods
Around edge of retina

66
Q

What is primarily used for day vision and where are they located

A

Cones
Center of retina (fovea)

67
Q

______ have a direct line to the brain (vision)

A

Cones

68
Q

What requires extensive neuronal convergence (vision)

A

Rods

69
Q

Which is higher resolution: rods or cones

A

Cones

70
Q

Define photopsins

A

Absorption peaks of cones
Red, blue, green

Bio201 (12 decks)

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