Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio201 > Unit 5: Central Nervous System and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Unit 5: Central Nervous System and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cranial meninges

A

Protective layers between the skull and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Dura mater

A

Outermost, tough membrane closest to periosteum of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Arachnoid mater

A

“Spiderweb” filamentous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Pia mater

A

Thin vascular layer attached to brain surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define subarachnoid space

A

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater containing CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define choroid plexuses

A

Capillaries where fluid flows from blood into the brain ventricles to form CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Arachnoid villi

A

Area where CSF is absorbed into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the layers of the cranial meninges in order

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define rostral

A

Toward the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define caudal

A

Toward the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 4 major parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define gyri

A

Folds/ridges of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define sulci

A

Grooves of the cerebrum which allow for more surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define cortex

A

Surface layer of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define ganglia

A

Deep masses of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define gray matter

A

unmyelinated dendrites and cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define tracts

A

bundles of myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define white matter

A

myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Occipital lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobes

A

Voluntary motor output
Planning, mood, social judgement, and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobes

A

Sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobes

A

Hearing, smell
Memory, learning, and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobes

A

Process visual input from eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the parts of the encephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the function of the thalamus
Receives and integrates all sensory info (except smell) and "relays" info to the appropriate area of the brain
26
What is the function of the hypothalamus
Controls hormone secretion, autonomic nervous system, thermoregulation, hunger and satiety, pineal gland (sleep), long term memory, and emotional behavior
27
What are the parts of the brain stem
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
28
Define midbrain
Contains cerebral aqueduct to connect 3rd and 4th ventricle Corpora quadrigemina controls visual and auditory reflex Fiber tracts (white matter) ascending (input) and descending (output)
29
Define cerebral aqueduct
Connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
30
Define corpora quadrigemina
Ascending and descending white matter tracts which carry visual and auditory reflex info
31
Define pons
Bulging path to the cerebellum with ascending and descending white matter tracts Integrates sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye mvmt., facial expression and sensation, respiration, swallowing, and B&B control
32
Define medulla oblongata
Ascending and descending white matter tracts Contains cardiac center, vasomotor center, and respiratory center
33
What are the functions of the cerebellum
Controls smooth and coordinated movements (balance, equilibrium)
34
Define cranial ventricles
Internal chambers within the CNS containing CSF
35
Name the ventricles of the CNS
Lateral Third Cerebral aqueduct Fourth Central Canal
36
Where is the lateral ventricle
Insides the cerebral hemispheres
37
Where is the third ventricle
Vertical space under corpus callosum
38
Where is the cerebral aqueduct
Runs through midbrain
39
Where is the fourth ventricle
Small chamber between pons and cerebellum
40
Where is the central canal
Runs down through the spinal cord
41
What type of cell creates CSF
Ependymal cells
42
What is the function of Cerebrospinal fluid
Buoyancy Protection Chemical stability
43
Where does the spinal cord extend from
Foramen magnum to L1
44
Define cauda equina
Nerves running from L2 to S5
45
Define medullary cone
tapered end of the spinal cord
46
How many spinal nerves are there
31 pairs
47
The spinal cord is the _NS
CNS
48
The spinal nerves are _NS
PNS
49
Spinal nerves are ____ nerves
Mixed
50
What are the function of the spinal cord and nerves
Conduction Locomotion Reflexes
51
The outside of the spinal cord is _____- matter and the inside is ______ matter
White matter Gray matter
52
What does the dorsal horn of the inner gray matter contain
Cell bodies of interneurons
53
What does the ventral horn of the inner gray matter contain
Cell bodies of motor neurons
54
Spinal nerves have _______ and ________ roots
dorsal (sensory input) and ventral (motor output) roots
55
What is the dorsal root for
sensory input
56
What is the ventral root for
motor output
57
What is the dorsal root ganglion
Bump with sensory nerve cell bodies
58
Define endoneurium
Connective tissue around each axon
59
Define perineurium
Connective tissue around fascicles
60
Define epineurium
Tough fibrous sheath around entire nerve
61
How many cranial nerves are there
12 pairs
62
Define reflex
Rapid, predictable, involuntary response to stimuli
63
What are autonomic reflexes
Regulate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
64
What are somatic reflexes
Stimulate skeletal muscle
65
What is a cerebral aneurysm, its risk groups, and symptoms
Weak spot in arterial walls which can rupture Smoking, HTN, over 40 yrs, women, and genes Asymptomatic until it grows or ruptures, which can lead to vision issues, pain, and numbness
66
What is a stroke, the types of strokes, its risk groups, and symptoms
Blood flow to the brain stops Hemorrhagic = broken vessel Ischemic = blocked with clot Prior stroke, HTN, heart disease, diabetes, smoking Sudden vision loss, confusion, headache, slurred speech, numbness, and imbalance
67
What is a subdural hematoma, its risk groups, and symptoms
Damage to the veins below the dura which causes pressure on the brain/skull Head injury, repeated falls, alcoholism, and blood thinners Confusion, loss of vision, seizures, nausea, headaches, and less coordination
68
Define bell's palsy, its risk groups, and symptoms
Inflammation of the facial nerve (# 7) Women, diabetes, cold/flu/infection Facial asymmetry and paralysis, muscle weakness, drooling, tearing, and loss of taste
69
Define carpal tunnel syndrome, its risk groups, and symptoms
Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel Assembly workers, wrist injuries, arthritis, and small carpal tunnel Numb and tingling fingers and hands
70
What did we learn from Phineas Gage’s incident?
Different parts of the cerebral cortex control different parts of personality
71
Pneumonic for cranial nerves in order
On occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle any how
72
Pneumonic for cranial nerve types in order
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
73
Function of cranial nerve 1
Olfactory Sensory Senses smell
74
Functions of cranial nerve 2
Optic Sensory Visual input
75
Function of cranial nerve 3
Ophthalmic Motor Moves eyeball muscles
76
Function of cranial nerve 4
Trochlear Motor Moves eyeball muscles
77
Functions of cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal Both Sense face and mouth Move mouth (chewing)
78
Function of cranial nerve 6
Abducens Motor Moves eyeball muscle
79
Functions of cranial nerve 7
Facial Both Sense taste Move facial expressions
80
Function of cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear Sensory Hearing
81
Functions of cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal Both Sense taste Move pharyngeal muscles (throat)
82
Functions of cranial nerve 10
Vagus Both Sense and regulate internal organs
83
Functions of cranial nerve 11
Accessory Motor Move sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
84
Functions of cranial nerve 12
Hypoglossal Motor Move tongue muscles

Bio201 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions