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Bio201 > Unit 1: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 1: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Define stratum

A

Layers of the epidermis

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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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4
Q

The epidermis is made of what cells

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

The dermis is what kind of tissue

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

Protection
Vitamin D synthesis
Excretion
Sensation
Waterproof barrier
Thermoregulation
Psychological/Social functions

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7
Q

What does the skin protect against

A

Abrasions, invasion, water loss, and UV damage

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8
Q

What is a keratinocyte

A

Cell that makes vitamin D from UV light, which increases calcium absorption for healthy skeleton

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9
Q

What type of receptors are in the skin

A

Temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, and pain

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10
Q

What makes the skin waterproof

A

Sebaceous glands and overlapping keratinocytes

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11
Q

Cut

A

Skin

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12
Q

Derm

A

Skin

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13
Q

Epi

A

On top of

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14
Q

Sub

A

Below

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15
Q

Kerat

A

Hardened

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16
Q

Follic

A

Sac

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17
Q

Thermo

A

Temperature

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18
Q

Strata

A

Layers

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19
Q

Melan

A

To darken

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20
Q

How often is the skin completely turned over

A

Every 45 days

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21
Q

Describe the stratum basale (type of cells, shape, location, function)

A

Deepest layer
One layer of cuboidal cells

Keratinocytes - produce keratin proteins, undergo mitosis to replace epidermis

Melanocytes - synthesize melanin, picked up by keratinocytes and shade against UV rays

Tactile cells - touch receptors

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22
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Several layers thick

Keratinocytes- desmosomes connect cells and appear “spiny” as it compresses

Dendritic cells - macrophages migrate to epidermis and protect against pathogens

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23
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Cells are dead/dying, nucleus and organelles break down

Flattened keratinocytes - contain keratinohyalin granules which become keratin

Produce lipid-filled vesicles with glycolipids to waterproof skin, which cuts off nutrient supply

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24
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Thin, translucent layer only found in thick skin (palms and soles of feet)

Cells are dead

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25
Q

Describe the stratum corneum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Many layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells

Provide protection and water retention

Exfoliate off

26
Q

What creates the red color in red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

27
Q

What creates the yellow pigment in vegetables and egg yolks

A

Carotene

28
Q

What creates the yellow, brown, black, and reddish hues in skin

A

Melanin

29
Q

What is the dermis made up of

A

Fibrous connective tissue, collagen and elastin, fibroblasts, hair follicles, glands

30
Q

What is the upper layer of the dermis called

A

Papillary dermis

31
Q

What is the deep layer of the dermis called

A

Reticular dermis

32
Q

Which layer of dermis is the thickest

A

Reticular

33
Q

What are dermal papillae

A

Finger-like projections which protrude into the epidermis and create ridges, like the fingerprint

34
Q

The papillary layer contains

A

Papillae, blood vessels, and touch/pain receptors

35
Q

The reticular layer contains

A

Sweat and oil glands, pressure receptors, blood vessels, and collagen and elastin

36
Q

Hypodermis is also known as

A

Subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia

37
Q

Function of hypodermis

A

Has more adipose
Energy reservoir and thermal insulation

38
Q

What are the 3 skin appendages

A

Hair, nails, and glands

39
Q

What is hair made of

A

Hardened keratin from stratum corneum

40
Q

What is the shaft of the hair

A

The fully keratanized and visible portion of hair above the skin

41
Q

What is the root of the hair

A

Hair within the follicle which is not fully keratinized

42
Q

What is the hair follicle and what are it’s components

A

A sack in the skin

Has the bulb in base, where hair originates from mitosis

Dermal papillae in bulb provides nutrients

Cells interlock with cuticle to resist pulling on hair

Arrector pili muscles

Receptors

Sebaceous glands

43
Q

What are the layers of a hair

A

Medulla - airy middle core

Cortex - layer that surrounds medulla

Cuticle - outer layer of heavily keratinized cells, arranged like overlapping roof tiles

44
Q

Function of hair

A

Sensation
Communication
Barrier
Thermoregulation

45
Q

What are nails

A

Clear, hardened derivative of stratum corneum (hard keratin) which protects the sensitive fingertips

46
Q

What are the types of glands in the skin

A

Sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine)
Sebaceous glands
Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands

47
Q

What comes out of the sweat glands

A

Filtrate of plasma and waste products

Creates acid mantle with lactic acid

48
Q

Function and location of eccrine glands

A

Cool body, odorless, all over body

49
Q

Function and location of apocrine glands

A

Sweat with fatty acids, which support bacteria and create odor
Found only near hair follicles and respond to stress and sexual arousal

50
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands

A

Secrete oily sebum which is antibacterial, creates waterproof barrier, and makes the skin and hair pliable

51
Q

Other types of apocrine glands include

A

Ceruminous glands
Create earwax to waterproof, lubricate, and protect ear from mites and pests

Mammary glands
Create milk (thick secretion) which is released by ducts on the nipple

52
Q

What are the types of homeostatic imbalances in the skin

A

Infections
Allergies
Autoimmune disorders
Burns

53
Q

Examples of bacterial infections

A

Boils, impetigo

54
Q

Examples of fungal infections

A

Athletes foot, ringworm

55
Q

Examples of viral infections

A

Herpes, cold sores, chicken pox, measles

56
Q

What is an autoimmune disorder

A

When the immune system attacks it’s own body

57
Q

Example of autoimmune disorders

A

Psoriasis

58
Q

Example of allergic responses

A

Contract dermatitis
Poison ivy

59
Q

Describe 1st degree burns

A

Only affect epidermis
Appear red and swollen

60
Q

Describe 2nd degree burns

A

Affect epidermis and upper dermis
Appear red, painful, and blistery

61
Q

Describe 3rd degree burns

A

Destroys the epidermis and full dermis
Skin cannot regenerate, can only create scar tissue or be treated with skin grafts

Bio201 (12 decks)

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