Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio201 > Unit 1: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 1: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Define stratum

A

Layers of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The epidermis is made of what cells

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The dermis is what kind of tissue

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

Protection
Vitamin D synthesis
Excretion
Sensation
Waterproof barrier
Thermoregulation
Psychological/Social functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the skin protect against

A

Abrasions, invasion, water loss, and UV damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a keratinocyte

A

Cell that makes vitamin D from UV light, which increases calcium absorption for healthy skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of receptors are in the skin

A

Temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes the skin waterproof

A

Sebaceous glands and overlapping keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cut

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Derm

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epi

A

On top of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sub

A

Below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kerat

A

Hardened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Follic

A

Sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thermo

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Strata

A

Layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Melan

A

To darken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How often is the skin completely turned over

A

Every 45 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the stratum basale (type of cells, shape, location, function)

A

Deepest layer
One layer of cuboidal cells

Keratinocytes - produce keratin proteins, undergo mitosis to replace epidermis

Melanocytes - synthesize melanin, picked up by keratinocytes and shade against UV rays

Tactile cells - touch receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Several layers thick

Keratinocytes- desmosomes connect cells and appear “spiny” as it compresses

Dendritic cells - macrophages migrate to epidermis and protect against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Cells are dead/dying, nucleus and organelles break down

Flattened keratinocytes - contain keratinohyalin granules which become keratin

Produce lipid-filled vesicles with glycolipids to waterproof skin, which cuts off nutrient supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum (type of cells, location, function)

A

Thin, translucent layer only found in thick skin (palms and soles of feet)

Cells are dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe the stratum corneum (type of cells, location, function)
Many layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells Provide protection and water retention Exfoliate off
26
What creates the red color in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
27
What creates the yellow pigment in vegetables and egg yolks
Carotene
28
What creates the yellow, brown, black, and reddish hues in skin
Melanin
29
What is the dermis made up of
Fibrous connective tissue, collagen and elastin, fibroblasts, hair follicles, glands
30
What is the upper layer of the dermis called
Papillary dermis
31
What is the deep layer of the dermis called
Reticular dermis
32
Which layer of dermis is the thickest
Reticular
33
What are dermal papillae
Finger-like projections which protrude into the epidermis and create ridges, like the fingerprint
34
The papillary layer contains
Papillae, blood vessels, and touch/pain receptors
35
The reticular layer contains
Sweat and oil glands, pressure receptors, blood vessels, and collagen and elastin
36
Hypodermis is also known as
Subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia
37
Function of hypodermis
Has more adipose Energy reservoir and thermal insulation
38
What are the 3 skin appendages
Hair, nails, and glands
39
What is hair made of
Hardened keratin from stratum corneum
40
What is the shaft of the hair
The fully keratanized and visible portion of hair above the skin
41
What is the root of the hair
Hair within the follicle which is not fully keratinized
42
What is the hair follicle and what are it’s components
A sack in the skin Has the bulb in base, where hair originates from mitosis Dermal papillae in bulb provides nutrients Cells interlock with cuticle to resist pulling on hair Arrector pili muscles Receptors Sebaceous glands
43
What are the layers of a hair
Medulla - airy middle core Cortex - layer that surrounds medulla Cuticle - outer layer of heavily keratinized cells, arranged like overlapping roof tiles
44
Function of hair
Sensation Communication Barrier Thermoregulation
45
What are nails
Clear, hardened derivative of stratum corneum (hard keratin) which protects the sensitive fingertips
46
What are the types of glands in the skin
Sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) Sebaceous glands Ceruminous glands Mammary glands
47
What comes out of the sweat glands
Filtrate of plasma and waste products Creates acid mantle with lactic acid
48
Function and location of eccrine glands
Cool body, odorless, all over body
49
Function and location of apocrine glands
Sweat with fatty acids, which support bacteria and create odor Found only near hair follicles and respond to stress and sexual arousal
50
What is the function of sebaceous glands
Secrete oily sebum which is antibacterial, creates waterproof barrier, and makes the skin and hair pliable
51
Other types of apocrine glands include
Ceruminous glands Create earwax to waterproof, lubricate, and protect ear from mites and pests Mammary glands Create milk (thick secretion) which is released by ducts on the nipple
52
What are the types of homeostatic imbalances in the skin
Infections Allergies Autoimmune disorders Burns
53
Examples of bacterial infections
Boils, impetigo
54
Examples of fungal infections
Athletes foot, ringworm
55
Examples of viral infections
Herpes, cold sores, chicken pox, measles
56
What is an autoimmune disorder
When the immune system attacks it’s own body
57
Example of autoimmune disorders
Psoriasis
58
Example of allergic responses
Contract dermatitis Poison ivy
59
Describe 1st degree burns
Only affect epidermis Appear red and swollen
60
Describe 2nd degree burns
Affect epidermis and upper dermis Appear red, painful, and blistery
61
Describe 3rd degree burns
Destroys the epidermis and full dermis Skin cannot regenerate, can only create scar tissue or be treated with skin grafts

Bio201 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions