Unit 3: Joints and Movements Flashcards
1
Q
Define arthrology
A
Study of joints
2
Q
Define kinesiology
A
Study of musculoskeletal movement
3
Q
What are the 3 classifications of joints for freedom of movement?
A
Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Synarthrosis
4
Q
Define diarthrosis and give an example of a diarthrotic joint
A
Freely movable joint
Synovial joints like the knee, elbow, & fingers
5
Q
Define amphiarthrosis and give an example of an amphiarthrotic joint
A
Slightly movable joint
Intervertebral discs
6
Q
Define synarthrosis and give an example of a synarthrotic joint
A
Joint with little to no movement
Skull sutures, teeth
7
Q
Articul
A
Touch
8
Q
Arth
A
Joint
9
Q
Chondr
A
Cartilage
10
Q
Syn
A
With
11
Q
Dorsi
A
Back
12
Q
Plantar
A
Sole of foot
13
Q
Costal
A
Rib
14
Q
Odont
A
Tooth
15
Q
What are the 4 classifications of joints which describe how the bones are joined?
A
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Bony
Synovial
16
Q
Describe fibrous joints
A
“Sewn together”
collagen fibers span the space between bones and bind them together
17
Q
Sutures are ____ joints
A
Fibrous
18
Q
Gomphoses are _____ joints
A
Fibrous
19
Q
Syndesmoses are _____ joints
A
Fibrous
20
Q
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
A
Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmosomes
21
Q
Describe cartilaginous joints
A
2 bones bound by fibrocartilage or hyalin cartilage
22
Q
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
A
Synchondroses
Symphyses
23
Q
Synchondroses are ____ joints
A
Cartilaginous
24
Q
Symphyses are _____ joints
A
Cartilaginous
25
Describe bony joints
2 bones fused with osseous tissue
26
Synostoses are ____ joints
Bony
27
Type(s) of bony joints
Synostoses
28
What are the 3 types of sutures?
Serrate
Squamous
Plane
29
Describe the appearance of serrate sutures and give examples
Interlocking wavy lines
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
30
Describe the appearance of squamous sutures and give examples
Overlapping edges
Squamous
31
Describe the appearance of plane sutures and give examples
Straight, non-overlapping
Palatine processes of maxilla
32
Describe gomphoses
Fibrous joint that is the slightly movable attachment of tooth to socket by the fibrous periodontal ligament
33
Describe syndesmoses
Most movable fibrous joints bound by a ligament called the interosseus membrane
34
Describe synchrondroses
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
35
Example of a syndesmoses
Radius and ulna attachment
36
Example of synchrondroses
Epiphyseal plate
37
Describe symphyses
Bones joined by fibrocartilage
38
Example of symphyses
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
39
Describe synostoses
2 bones fused by osseous tissue which harden with age
40
Describe synovial joints
2 bones separated by joint cavity
41
Synovial joints are __arthrotic
Diarthrotic
42
Define Articular/Joint capsule
Fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane that is continuous with the periosteum
43
Define synovial fluid
Slippery fluid rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid
44
Define articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covering the bone surface
45
Define meniscus
Pad of fibrocartilage that absorbs shock, guides bone movement, and distributes weight
46
Define tendon
Attaches muscle to bone
47
Define ligament
Attaches bone to bone
48
Define bursa
Synovial membrane sack filled with synovial fluid which allows structures to slide across eachother
49
Define tendon sheaths
Cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane which wrap around tendons
50
Where are tendon sheaths most often found?
Hands and feet
51
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Plane/Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball + Socket
52
Describe purpose of plane synovial joints
Amphiarthrotic
Gliding movement between flat bones
53
Describe purpose of hinge synovial joints
Diarthrotic
Flexion and extension
54
Describe purpose of pivot synovial joints
Diarthrotic
Rotation on axis
55
Describe purpose of condylar synovial joints
Diarthrotic
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
56
Describe purpose of saddle synovial joints
Diarthrotic
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
57
Describe purpose of ball and socket synovial joints
Multi-axial movement
58
Where would you find a plane synovial joint?
Intercarpal and intertarsal joints
59
Where would you find a hinge synovial joint?
Elbow, interphalangeal joints
60
Where would you find a pivot synovial joint?
Atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint
61
Where would you find condylar synovial joint?
Knuckles
62
Where would you find a saddle synovial joint?
Thumb
63
Where would you find a ball and socket synovial joint?
Pelvic girdle
64
Describe flexion
Moves body part away from anatomical position
"bend"
65
Describe extension
Moves body part back to anatomical position
"straighten"
66
Describe hyperextension
Moves body part beyond the anatomical position
67
Describe abduction
Movement away from body
68
Describe adduction
Movement towards body
69
Describe elevation
Movement raises bone vertically
70
Describe depression
Movement lowers bone vertically
71
Describe protraction
Movement of bone forward
72
Describe retraction
Movement of bone backward
73
Describe rotation
Movement turning on a longitudinal axis (like shaking head "no")
74
Describe circumduction
Moving angularly to trace circle
75
Describe supination
Palm up
76
Describe pronation
Palm down
77
Describe inversion
Raise medial edge of foot
78
Describe eversion
Raise lateral edge of foot
79
Describe opposition
Moving thumb to touch other fingers
80
Describe reposition
Move thumb back to anatomical position
81
Describe dorsiflexion
Raising of toes
"heel strike"
82
Describe plantar flexion
Extend toes down
"tippy toes"
83
Describe osteoarthritis, its risk groups, and its symptoms
Loss of articular cartilage
Obese, elderly, injured
Pain, swelling, reduced movement
84
Describe gout, its risk groups, and its symptoms
Build up of uric acid crystal which cause inflammation of the joint
Obese, genetic, alcoholics, males
Red, hot, stiff joints which starts in the big toe
85
Describe rhuematoid arthritis, its risk groups, and symptoms
Autoimmune disease of the joints that eventually affects the eyes, heart, and lungs
Middle aged, women
Red, swollen hands, painful joints, limited movement, no appetite
86
Describe bursitis
Inflammation of bursae at joints
Overused or injured joints
Inflamed, swollen joint
