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Bio201 > Unit 3: Joints and Movements > Flashcards

Unit 3: Joints and Movements Flashcards

1
Q

Define arthrology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Define kinesiology

A

Study of musculoskeletal movement

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3
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints for freedom of movement?

A

Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Synarthrosis

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4
Q

Define diarthrosis and give an example of a diarthrotic joint

A

Freely movable joint
Synovial joints like the knee, elbow, & fingers

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5
Q

Define amphiarthrosis and give an example of an amphiarthrotic joint

A

Slightly movable joint
Intervertebral discs

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6
Q

Define synarthrosis and give an example of a synarthrotic joint

A

Joint with little to no movement
Skull sutures, teeth

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7
Q

Articul

A

Touch

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8
Q

Arth

A

Joint

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9
Q

Chondr

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

Syn

A

With

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11
Q

Dorsi

A

Back

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12
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

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13
Q

Costal

A

Rib

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14
Q

Odont

A

Tooth

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15
Q

What are the 4 classifications of joints which describe how the bones are joined?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Bony
Synovial

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16
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A

“Sewn together”
collagen fibers span the space between bones and bind them together

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17
Q

Sutures are ____ joints

A

Fibrous

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18
Q

Gomphoses are _____ joints

A

Fibrous

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19
Q

Syndesmoses are _____ joints

A

Fibrous

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmosomes

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21
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A

2 bones bound by fibrocartilage or hyalin cartilage

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses

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23
Q

Synchondroses are ____ joints

A

Cartilaginous

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24
Q

Symphyses are _____ joints

A

Cartilaginous

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25
Q

Describe bony joints

A

2 bones fused with osseous tissue

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26
Q

Synostoses are ____ joints

A

Bony

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27
Q

Type(s) of bony joints

A

Synostoses

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of sutures?

A

Serrate
Squamous
Plane

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29
Q

Describe the appearance of serrate sutures and give examples

A

Interlocking wavy lines
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

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30
Q

Describe the appearance of squamous sutures and give examples

A

Overlapping edges
Squamous

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31
Q

Describe the appearance of plane sutures and give examples

A

Straight, non-overlapping
Palatine processes of maxilla

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32
Q

Describe gomphoses

A

Fibrous joint that is the slightly movable attachment of tooth to socket by the fibrous periodontal ligament

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33
Q

Describe syndesmoses

A

Most movable fibrous joints bound by a ligament called the interosseus membrane

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34
Q

Describe synchrondroses

A

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage

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35
Q

Example of a syndesmoses

A

Radius and ulna attachment

36
Q

Example of synchrondroses

A

Epiphyseal plate

37
Q

Describe symphyses

A

Bones joined by fibrocartilage

38
Q

Example of symphyses

A

Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs

39
Q

Describe synostoses

A

2 bones fused by osseous tissue which harden with age

40
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

2 bones separated by joint cavity

41
Q

Synovial joints are __arthrotic

A

Diarthrotic

42
Q

Define Articular/Joint capsule

A

Fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane that is continuous with the periosteum

43
Q

Define synovial fluid

A

Slippery fluid rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid

44
Q

Define articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage covering the bone surface

45
Q

Define meniscus

A

Pad of fibrocartilage that absorbs shock, guides bone movement, and distributes weight

46
Q

Define tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone

47
Q

Define ligament

A

Attaches bone to bone

48
Q

Define bursa

A

Synovial membrane sack filled with synovial fluid which allows structures to slide across eachother

49
Q

Define tendon sheaths

A

Cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane which wrap around tendons

50
Q

Where are tendon sheaths most often found?

A

Hands and feet

51
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

Plane/Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball + Socket

52
Q

Describe purpose of plane synovial joints

A

Amphiarthrotic
Gliding movement between flat bones

53
Q

Describe purpose of hinge synovial joints

A

Diarthrotic
Flexion and extension

54
Q

Describe purpose of pivot synovial joints

A

Diarthrotic
Rotation on axis

55
Q

Describe purpose of condylar synovial joints

A

Diarthrotic
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

56
Q

Describe purpose of saddle synovial joints

A

Diarthrotic
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

57
Q

Describe purpose of ball and socket synovial joints

A

Multi-axial movement

58
Q

Where would you find a plane synovial joint?

A

Intercarpal and intertarsal joints

59
Q

Where would you find a hinge synovial joint?

A

Elbow, interphalangeal joints

60
Q

Where would you find a pivot synovial joint?

A

Atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

61
Q

Where would you find condylar synovial joint?

62
Q

Where would you find a saddle synovial joint?

63
Q

Where would you find a ball and socket synovial joint?

A

Pelvic girdle

64
Q

Describe flexion

A

Moves body part away from anatomical position
“bend”

65
Q

Describe extension

A

Moves body part back to anatomical position
“straighten”

66
Q

Describe hyperextension

A

Moves body part beyond the anatomical position

67
Q

Describe abduction

A

Movement away from body

68
Q

Describe adduction

A

Movement towards body

69
Q

Describe elevation

A

Movement raises bone vertically

70
Q

Describe depression

A

Movement lowers bone vertically

71
Q

Describe protraction

A

Movement of bone forward

72
Q

Describe retraction

A

Movement of bone backward

73
Q

Describe rotation

A

Movement turning on a longitudinal axis (like shaking head “no”)

74
Q

Describe circumduction

A

Moving angularly to trace circle

75
Q

Describe supination

76
Q

Describe pronation

77
Q

Describe inversion

A

Raise medial edge of foot

78
Q

Describe eversion

A

Raise lateral edge of foot

79
Q

Describe opposition

A

Moving thumb to touch other fingers

80
Q

Describe reposition

A

Move thumb back to anatomical position

81
Q

Describe dorsiflexion

A

Raising of toes
“heel strike”

82
Q

Describe plantar flexion

A

Extend toes down
“tippy toes”

83
Q

Describe osteoarthritis, its risk groups, and its symptoms

A

Loss of articular cartilage
Obese, elderly, injured
Pain, swelling, reduced movement

84
Q

Describe gout, its risk groups, and its symptoms

A

Build up of uric acid crystal which cause inflammation of the joint
Obese, genetic, alcoholics, males
Red, hot, stiff joints which starts in the big toe

85
Q

Describe rhuematoid arthritis, its risk groups, and symptoms

A

Autoimmune disease of the joints that eventually affects the eyes, heart, and lungs
Middle aged, women
Red, swollen hands, painful joints, limited movement, no appetite

86
Q

Describe bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursae at joints
Overused or injured joints
Inflamed, swollen joint

Bio201 (12 decks)

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