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Bio201 > Unit 1: Histology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Basement membrane

A

Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors epithelial tissue to connective tissue

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2
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and how they form organs

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3
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells and cell products

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4
Q

Organ

A

2 or more tissues working together

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5
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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6
Q

Hist

A

Tissue

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7
Q

Squam

A

Flat

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8
Q

Gen

A

To create

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9
Q

Fibro

A

Fiber

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10
Q

Striat

A

Striped

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11
Q

Chondr

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Blast

A

To create

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13
Q

Cardi

A

Heart

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14
Q

Neuro

A

Nervous system

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15
Q 
Describe composition of epithelial tissue:
Composition
Where
Layers
Shapes
A

Composition: 1+ layers of flat packed cells and little ECM

Where: upper surface faces external environment or body cavity

Layers: simple (1 layer)
stratified (2+ layers)
pseudostratified (simple but appears stratified)

Shapes: squamous (flat)
cuboidal (square)
columnar (rectangular)

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16
Q

Appearance and function of squamous cells

A

Flat and scale like

Allow for rapid diffusion and secretes serous fluid

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17
Q

Appearance and function of cuboidal cells

A

Square
Absorbs and secretes
Produces mucus

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18
Q

Appearance and function of columnar cells

A

Rectangular
Absorbs and secretes
Secretes mucus
Ciliated

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19
Q

What tissue are glands?

A

Epithelial tissue

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20
Q

Define exocrine glands

A

Maintain connection to the surface with ducts

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21
Q

Define endocrine glands

A

Have no ducts, directly secrete hormones into bloodstream

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22
Q

Define basement membrane

A

Anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue with collagen and proteins

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23
Q

Define avascular

A

Depends on connective tissue for oxygen from blood

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24
Q

Functions of epithelium

A 
Protect
Absorb 
Filtrate
Excrete
Secrete
Sensory reception
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25
Name 3 glands and their secretions
Serous - thin watery (tears, digestive juices, sweat) Mucous - thick glycoprotein mucin (mucus) Cytogenic - release whole cells (sperm or egg cells)
26
Define intercellular junction
Anchors cells to each other or to the ECM
27
Functions and characteristics of desmosomes
Strong Connect cells and hold against mechanical stress Gaps filled with mesh
28
Functions and characteristics of tight junctions
Weak | Creates barrier over cells and prevents substances between cells, joins to surrounding cells
29
Functions and characteristics of gap junctions
Channels Aid in cell communication Water-filled channels formed from trans membrane proteins, substances pass directly from cell to cell
30
Describe composition of connective tissue:
Widely spaced cells with large extra cellular matrix
31
Ground substance
Gelatinous or rubbery material between cells
32
ECM is made up of
Ground substance and fibers
33
Functions of connective tissue
``` Connect structures Support Protect Store energy Transport materials ```
34
Ground substance is made of
Proteoglycans and adhesive glycoproteins
35
Most common and variable tissue
Connective tissue
36
3 fibers in connective tissue
Collagen, reticular, and elastic
37
Describe collagen fibers
Made of collagen protein Very strong Flexible but do not stretch
38
Where would you find collagen fiber?
Tendons, ligament, dermis
39
Describe reticular fibers
Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein | Create a web or frame
40
Where would you find reticular fibers?
Spleen, lymph nodes
41
Describe elastic fibers
Thin, branching fibers made of elastin | Stretch and recoil
42
Where would you find elastin?
Skin, heart, lungs
43
What are the main types of cells in connective tissue?
Blast cells White blood cells Mast cells Adipocytes
44
Define blast cells
Mitotic cells which secrete ground substance and fibers
45
What do fibroblasts produce?
Protein fibers and ground substance
46
Where would you find chondroblasts?
Cartilage
47
Where would you find osteoblasts?
Bone
48
What do hemocytoblasts produce and where?
Blood cells | Bone marrow
49
What is the function of white blood cells?
Immune system
50
What are mast cells and what do they do?
Cells that produce heparin (inhibits clotting) and histamine (dilates blood cells)
51
What do adipocytes do?
Store fat
52
________ connective tissue contains gel-like substance between cells with few fibers
Loose
53
_____ connective tissues have many fibers which fill the space between cells
Dense
54
Name the types of connective tissue:
Adipose, areolar, cartilage, bone, blood, reticular
55
Describe adipose tissue and it’s location
Loose Store energy and provide cushioning and insulation Located in subcutaneous fat under skin and visceral fat surrounding organs
56
Describe areolar tissue and where it’s found
``` “Packing material” Loose and fibrous Very common Support and bind tissues Hold bodily fluids Defend against infection Found under dermis and under epithelial tissue ```
57
Describe reticular tissue and where it’s found
Loose Made of reticular fibers and ground substance “Net” that supports other cells Found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen
58
Describe bone tissue
Dense | Can be spongey or compact
59
Describe cartilage, it’s types, and where it’s found
Dense Supportive with rubbery matrix No blood vessels Fibrocartilage - strong cartilage that resists compression Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs Hyaline - dispersed collagen Flexible Joints, larynx, trachea Elastic - flexible but maintains shape More elastin than hyaline Ear, epiglottis
60
Describe blood
Liquid connective tissue | Contains white and red blood cells and platelets
61
Function of muscular tissue
Long cells which exert force on other tissues | Contract to move, push substances, pump blood
62
Types of muscular tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
63
Describe skeletal muscle
Long, cylindrical Multiple nuclei Voluntary Striated
64
Describe cardiac muscle
Short, branched 1 nucleus Striated Involuntary
65
Describe smooth muscles
``` Short Not striated 1 nucleus Create sheets of muscle “Push” substances ```
66
Describe nervous tissue and it’s components
Conductive and secrete Large neurons with dendrite and axon send messages Small glial cells protect neurons Found in brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
67
Describe mucous membranes and where they are found
Made up of epithelial and connective tissue with underlying muscle Line passageways exposed to exterior with mucus Found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
68
Describe cutaneous membranes
“Protect” Skin atop connective tissue Dry membrane
69
Describe synovial membranes
Lines and lubricates joints | Connective tissue which secretes synovial fluid
70
Describe serous membranes
“Glide” Protects and lines outside of organs and body cavities Produce serous fluid

Bio201 (12 decks)

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