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Bio201 > Unit 1: Histology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Basement membrane

A

Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors epithelial tissue to connective tissue

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2
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and how they form organs

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3
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells and cell products

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4
Q

Organ

A

2 or more tissues working together

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5
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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6
Q

Hist

A

Tissue

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7
Q

Squam

A

Flat

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8
Q

Gen

A

To create

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9
Q

Fibro

A

Fiber

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10
Q

Striat

A

Striped

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11
Q

Chondr

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Blast

A

To create

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13
Q

Cardi

A

Heart

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14
Q

Neuro

A

Nervous system

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15
Q 
Describe composition of epithelial tissue:
Composition
Where
Layers
Shapes
A

Composition: 1+ layers of flat packed cells and little ECM

Where: upper surface faces external environment or body cavity

Layers: simple (1 layer)
stratified (2+ layers)
pseudostratified (simple but appears stratified)

Shapes: squamous (flat)
cuboidal (square)
columnar (rectangular)

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16
Q

Appearance and function of squamous cells

A

Flat and scale like

Allow for rapid diffusion and secretes serous fluid

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17
Q

Appearance and function of cuboidal cells

A

Square
Absorbs and secretes
Produces mucus

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18
Q

Appearance and function of columnar cells

A

Rectangular
Absorbs and secretes
Secretes mucus
Ciliated

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19
Q

What tissue are glands?

A

Epithelial tissue

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20
Q

Define exocrine glands

A

Maintain connection to the surface with ducts

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21
Q

Define endocrine glands

A

Have no ducts, directly secrete hormones into bloodstream

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22
Q

Define basement membrane

A

Anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue with collagen and proteins

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23
Q

Define avascular

A

Depends on connective tissue for oxygen from blood

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24
Q

Functions of epithelium

A 
Protect
Absorb 
Filtrate
Excrete
Secrete
Sensory reception
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25
Q

Name 3 glands and their secretions

A

Serous - thin watery (tears, digestive juices, sweat)

Mucous - thick glycoprotein mucin (mucus)

Cytogenic - release whole cells (sperm or egg cells)

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26
Q

Define intercellular junction

A

Anchors cells to each other or to the ECM

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27
Q

Functions and characteristics of desmosomes

A

Strong
Connect cells and hold against mechanical stress
Gaps filled with mesh

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28
Q

Functions and characteristics of tight junctions

A

Weak

Creates barrier over cells and prevents substances between cells, joins to surrounding cells

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29
Q

Functions and characteristics of gap junctions

A

Channels
Aid in cell communication
Water-filled channels formed from trans membrane proteins, substances pass directly from cell to cell

30
Q

Describe composition of connective tissue:

A

Widely spaced cells with large extra cellular matrix

31
Q

Ground substance

A

Gelatinous or rubbery material between cells

32
Q

ECM is made up of

A

Ground substance and fibers

33
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Connect structures
Support 
Protect
Store energy
Transport materials
34
Q

Ground substance is made of

A

Proteoglycans and adhesive glycoproteins

35
Q

Most common and variable tissue

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

3 fibers in connective tissue

A

Collagen, reticular, and elastic

37
Q

Describe collagen fibers

A

Made of collagen protein
Very strong
Flexible but do not stretch

38
Q

Where would you find collagen fiber?

A

Tendons, ligament, dermis

39
Q

Describe reticular fibers

A

Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

Create a web or frame

40
Q

Where would you find reticular fibers?

A

Spleen, lymph nodes

41
Q

Describe elastic fibers

A

Thin, branching fibers made of elastin

Stretch and recoil

42
Q

Where would you find elastin?

A

Skin, heart, lungs

43
Q

What are the main types of cells in connective tissue?

A

Blast cells
White blood cells
Mast cells
Adipocytes

44
Q

Define blast cells

A

Mitotic cells which secrete ground substance and fibers

45
Q

What do fibroblasts produce?

A

Protein fibers and ground substance

46
Q

Where would you find chondroblasts?

47
Q

Where would you find osteoblasts?

48
Q

What do hemocytoblasts produce and where?

A

Blood cells

Bone marrow

49
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Immune system

50
Q

What are mast cells and what do they do?

A

Cells that produce heparin (inhibits clotting) and histamine (dilates blood cells)

51
Q

What do adipocytes do?

52
Q

________ connective tissue contains gel-like substance between cells with few fibers

53
Q

_____ connective tissues have many fibers which fill the space between cells

54
Q

Name the types of connective tissue:

A

Adipose, areolar, cartilage, bone, blood, reticular

55
Q

Describe adipose tissue and it’s location

A

Loose
Store energy and provide cushioning and insulation
Located in subcutaneous fat under skin and visceral fat surrounding organs

56
Q

Describe areolar tissue and where it’s found

A 
“Packing material”
Loose and fibrous
Very common 
Support and bind tissues
Hold bodily fluids
Defend against infection 
Found under dermis and under epithelial tissue
57
Q

Describe reticular tissue and where it’s found

A

Loose
Made of reticular fibers and ground substance
“Net” that supports other cells
Found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen

58
Q

Describe bone tissue

A

Dense

Can be spongey or compact

59
Q

Describe cartilage, it’s types, and where it’s found

A

Dense
Supportive with rubbery matrix
No blood vessels

Fibrocartilage - strong cartilage that resists compression
Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

Hyaline - dispersed collagen
Flexible
Joints, larynx, trachea

Elastic - flexible but maintains shape
More elastin than hyaline
Ear, epiglottis

60
Q

Describe blood

A

Liquid connective tissue

Contains white and red blood cells and platelets

61
Q

Function of muscular tissue

A

Long cells which exert force on other tissues

Contract to move, push substances, pump blood

62
Q

Types of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

63
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Long, cylindrical
Multiple nuclei
Voluntary
Striated

64
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Short, branched
1 nucleus
Striated
Involuntary

65
Q

Describe smooth muscles

A 
Short
Not striated 
1 nucleus 
Create sheets of muscle
“Push” substances
66
Q

Describe nervous tissue and it’s components

A

Conductive and secrete
Large neurons with dendrite and axon send messages
Small glial cells protect neurons
Found in brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

67
Q

Describe mucous membranes and where they are found

A

Made up of epithelial and connective tissue with underlying muscle
Line passageways exposed to exterior with mucus
Found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

68
Q

Describe cutaneous membranes

A

“Protect”
Skin atop connective tissue
Dry membrane

69
Q

Describe synovial membranes

A

Lines and lubricates joints

Connective tissue which secretes synovial fluid

70
Q

Describe serous membranes

A

“Glide”
Protects and lines outside of organs and body cavities
Produce serous fluid

Bio201 (12 decks)

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