Unit 1: Orientation To The Body

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Position above another body part, towards head

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Position below or lower than another body part, towards feet

Question 3

Medial

Answer 3

Middle or direction towards middle of body

Question 4

Lateral

Answer 4

Side or direction toward side of body

Question 5

Proximal

Answer 5

Limb position closest to point of attachment on trunk of body

Question 6

Distal

Answer 6

Limb position further away from point of attachment on trunk of body

Question 7

Deep

Answer 7

Position farther from surface of body

Question 8

Superficial

Answer 8

Position closer to surface of body

Question 9

Saggital plane

Answer 9

Plane that divides body vertically into left and right sides

Question 10

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Answer 10

Plane that divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Question 11

Transverse Plane

Answer 11

Plane that divides body horizontally into upper and lower portions

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

Ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to changing environment

Question 13

Negative feedback

Answer 13

Has a stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector which trigger feedback that is not excessive

Question 14

Posterior

Answer 14

Position towards backside of body

Question 15

Anterior

Answer 15

Position towards front of body

Question 16

Give an example of negative feedback loop:

Answer 16

Blood glucose levels get low, glucagon is released to bring levels up to equilibrium

Question 17

Give an example of positive feedback loop:

Answer 17

Breastfeeding; lactation is induced by child feeding which includes further lactation until child stops feeding

Question 18

Anatomy

Answer 18

Study of structures and shape of the body and body parts

“Form”

Question 19

Physiology

Answer 19

Study of the functions of the body and body parts

“Function”

Question 20

Levels of organization of the body:

Answer 20

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, full organism

Question 21

Function of receptor

Answer 21

“Sensor,” detects problem

Question 22

Function of sensory pathway

Answer 22

Brings info to control center

Question 23

Control/Integration center

Answer 23

Brain and spinal cord; figures out what to do to maintain homeostasis

Question 24

Function of motor pathway

Answer 24

Pathway from the control center to effector

Question 25

Function of effector

Answer 25

Responds and returns body to equilibrium

Question 26

Integumentary system consists of:

Answer 26

Hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous, and nerves

Question 27

Functions of the integumentary system:

Answer 27

``` Waterproof barrier Cushioning and protection Regulates body temperature UV protection and Vitamin D Self healing Detects pressure, pain, etc. Communication ```

Question 28

Skeletal system consists of:

Answer 28

Bone, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

Question 29

Functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 29

``` Supports and protects organs Framework for movement pH balance Mineral storage Hematopoiesis (blood cell production) ```

Question 30

Muscular system consists of:

Answer 30

Muscles and tendons

Question 31

Functions of muscular system:

Answer 31

Shorten and contract to produce movement Body temperature regulation Protection

Question 32

Nervous system consists of:

Answer 32

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Question 33

Functions of the nervous system:

Answer 33

Control system that sends electrochemical messages Sensory output Motor output Integration

Question 34

Axillary

Answer 34

Armpit

Question 35

Acromial

Answer 35

Tip of shoulder

Question 36

Brachial

Answer 36

Arm

Question 37

Carpal

Answer 37

Wrist

Question 38

Cervical

Answer 38

Neck

Question 39

Digital

Answer 39

Fingers and toes

Question 40

Femoral

Answer 40

Thigh

Question 41

Frontal

Answer 41

Forehead

Question 42

Orbital

Answer 42

Eye area

Question 43

Patellar

Answer 43

Knee cap

Question 44

Tarsal

Answer 44

Ankle

Question 45

Thoracic

Answer 45

Chest

Question 46

Dorsal

Answer 46

Back

Question 47

Plantar

Answer 47

Bottom side of foot

Question 48

Deltoid

Answer 48

Whole shoulder

Question 49

Gluteal

Answer 49

Buttocks

Question 50

Lumbar

Answer 50

Lower back

Question 51

Occipital

Answer 51

Back of the head