Unit 6 - Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 1

What is Mitosis? (3)

Answer 1

1. Process: Cell division
2. Result: 2 identical daughter cells from single parent cell
3. Essential: Growth, Development & Tissue Repair

Question 2

What are the Stages of Mitosis? (5)

Answer 2

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis

Question 3

What’s Prophase? (3)

Answer 3

1. Chromatin condenses to visible chromosomes
2. Nuclear Membrane disintegrates
3. Spindle fibers form

Question 4

What’s Metaphase? (2)

Answer 4

1. Chromosomes line up in the center
2. Spindle Fibers attach to centromeres

Question 5

What’s Anaphase? (2)

Answer 5

1. Sister Chromatids are pulled apart by SF
2. Move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 6

What’s Telophase? (3)

Answer 6

1. Chromatids are in opposite poles
2. Nuclear Membrane reforms
3. Chromosomes decondense into chromatin

Question 7

What’s Cytokinesis?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells

Question 8

How’s Cytokinesis different between animal cells and plant cells?

Answer 8

Animal Cells - Cleavage furrow forms to split cells
Plant Cells - Cell plate forms to separate 2 new cells

Question 9

What’s an allele?

Answer 9

Several Versions of a Specific Gene

Question 10

What’s a centriole? (2)

Answer 10

1. Organelle in Animal Cells
2. Produces Spindle Fibers

Question 11

What’s a centromere? (3)

Answer 11

1. Region of DNA
2. Binds chromosomes together
3. Point of intersection/center of chromosomes

Question 12

What’s a chromatid?

Answer 12

1/2 chromosome

Question 13

What’s chromatin? (2)

Answer 13

1. Material that makes up chromosomes
2. Uncondensed form of chromosomes

Question 14

What’s a diploid?

Answer 14

Set of homologous chromosomes in a cell formed from mitosis
(23 pairs, 46 chromosomes)

Question 15

What’s a haploid?

Answer 15

1/2 of homologous chromosomes in a cell
(23 chromosomes, found in sex cells)

Question 16

What’s a gene? (2)

Answer 16

1. Code on DNA
2. Determines which protein will be synthesized

Question 17

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 17

Same genes but may have diff. alleles

Question 18

What are sisters?

Answer 18

Identical Chromosomes

Question 19

What are spindle fibers? (3)

Answer 19

1. Microtubules
2. Produced by centromeres
3. Pull sister chromatids apart in mitosis.

Question 20

Why did the chromatin need to condense?

Answer 20

Less likely to break/tangle in mitosis

Question 21

Why did the nuclear membrane disintegrate in prophase? (2)

Answer 21

1. Acts as barrier between nucleus & cytoplasm
2. Allows free movement of chromosomes, centrioles and Spindle Fibers in the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 22

What are the 4 steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 22

1. G1 (Growth)
2. S (Synthesis)
3. G2 (Growth)
4. Mitosis

Question 23

What is Interphase?

Answer 23

Phase in the cell cycle that prepares the cell for mitosis

Question 24

What is the G1 Phase? (4)

Answer 24

1. Makes more organelles for mitosis
2. Increase in size for DNA replication
3. Protein Synthesis for cell’s metabolic processes and mitosis
4. Checkpoint at the end of G1

Question 25

What is the S phase?

Answer 25

Chromosomes are duplicated, forming sister chromatids

Question 26

What is the G2 phase? (4)

Answer 26

1. Makes more organelles for mitosis
2. Increase in size for DNA replication
3. Protein Synthesis for cell’s metabolic processes and mitosis
4. Checkpoint at the end of G2

Question 27

What is the G0 phase? (3)

Answer 27

1. Resting Phase
2. Period of inactivity with no division
3. Helps maintain homeostasis

Question 28

What is the Checkpoint 1?

Question 29

What is Checkpoint 2?