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Summer US History > Unit 6 day 2: The 50s > Flashcards

Unit 6 day 2: The 50s Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the kitchen debate

A

A debate between Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev

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2
Q

What did American employers accept for the very first time after WWII

A

Collective bargaining with labor unions

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3
Q

What did the power of labor unions translate to

A

rising wages, expanding benefits, and an increasing rate of home ownership

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4
Q

What is the American century

A

a global age defined by American ideals and American might, both political and economic

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5
Q

Who predicted the dawning of the American Century

A

Henry Luce

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6
Q

What magazine did Henry Luce publish?

A

Time

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7
Q

Where was the major financial un conference held

A

Bretton Woods, New Hampshire July 1944

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8
Q

What did the world bank provide

A

loans for the reconstruction of war-torn Europe, as well as for the economic development of previously colonized nations

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9
Q

What did the International Monetary Fund do?

A

stabilize national currencies and provide a predictable monetary environment for trade

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10
Q

What did the IMF and World Bank encourage countries to do?

A

Become capitalist

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11
Q

What agreement oversaw trade rules and practices?

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

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12
Q

Who coined the term military-industrial complex?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower in his farewell address

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13
Q

What was the military-industrial complex

A

the growth of military establishment and defense contractors

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14
Q

What caused an increase in military-industrial spending?

A

Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik

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15
Q

What did the National Defense Education Act of 1958 do?

A

funneled millions of dollars into American universities

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16
Q

What did type of worker did new corporate giants require?

A

White-collar worker

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17
Q

What was analyzed in The Affluent Society

A

the nation’s successful, “affluent” middle class

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18
Q

How did The Other America describe poverty?

A

“economic underworld”

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19
Q

What two things became synonymous in consumer culture?

A

Buying and American citizenship

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20
Q

What did the GI Bill do?

A

helped send 2.2 million veterans to college and another 5.6 million to trade school via government financing

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21
Q

What is the proper name for the GI Bill?

A

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944

22
Q

What did the Veterans administration do?

A

help former soldiers purchase ew homes with no down payment

23
Q

What employment practice helped grow the middle class?

A

collective bargaining and unions

24
Q

What grew up with baby boomers

A

consumption and advertising

25
Q

Did television mirror American experience?

A

They only mirrored very few American’s experiences

26
Q

Who made up the largest audience for motion pictures?

A

teenagers

27
Q

What was bepop

A

a hard-driving improvisational style of music developed by black musicians

28
Q

What were fans of bebop called?

A

Beats

29
Q

What caused church membership to jump?

A

age of anxiety about nuclear annihilation and the rise of communism

30
Q

Who was the nation’s leading evangelical/

A

Reverend Billy Graham

31
Q

What roles did men and women have in a family?

A

men were breadwinners and decision makers, women cared for children and took a secondary position in public life

32
Q

What became an almost civic resposibility

A

to have children

33
Q

What were miracle drugs

A

medicine that provided ready cures for previous serious diseases

34
Q

What did Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care encourage mothers to do?

A

trust their own instincts and be flexible

35
Q

What was a double day for women

A

a day of paid work and family work

36
Q

What were homophiles

A

a group of lesbian and gay activists

37
Q

What was the American template for “the good life

A

a high value on consumption, a devotion to family or domesticity, and a preference for suburban living

38
Q

who applied mass construction techniques to housing?

A

William J. Levitt

39
Q

What were homes in Levittown like?

A

four room house, with kitchen appliances, priced around $7,990

40
Q

What two organizations radically reshaped the home mortgage market

A

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Veterans Administration (VA)

41
Q

How were Levitt’s houses discriminatory

A

only allowed the Caucasian race

42
Q

What Supreme Court case outlawed restrictive covenants?

A

Shelley v. Kraemer

43
Q

Was the ruling in Shelley v. Kramer Effective

A

No, it was not until 20 years later in the Fair Housing Act when federal law explicitly prohibited racial discrimination

44
Q

what did the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act authorize?

A

$26 billion to fund a vast expansion of the national highway network and 42,500 miles worth of newly constructed highways into a single system

45
Q

What two new commercial forms dominated the late 20th century

A

Fast food and shopping malls

46
Q

Who owned the McDonald company

A

Ray Kroc

47
Q

What was the Sunbelt

A

A broad swath of the South and Southwestern states. where defense industry jobs, low taxes, mild winters, and plenty of open space encouraged the construction of sprawling subdivisions

48
Q

What business was Sunbelt suburbanization close to

A

the military-industrial complex

49
Q

What groups left cities, and what groups entered cities

A

Middle-class whites/African Americans

50
Q

Why was the Kerner commission founded

A

due to a wave of destructive race related riots in the summer of 1967

51
Q

What did the Displaced Persons Act of 1948 allow

A

the entry of approximately 415,000 Europeans, many of them Jewish refugees

52
Q

What did the McCarran-Walter Act end?

A

the exclusion of Japanese, Koreans, and Southeast Asians

Summer US History (13 decks)

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