Unit 6 day 2: The 50s

Question 1

What was the kitchen debate

Answer 1

A debate between Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev

Question 2

What did American employers accept for the very first time after WWII

Answer 2

Collective bargaining with labor unions

Question 3

What did the power of labor unions translate to

Answer 3

rising wages, expanding benefits, and an increasing rate of home ownership

Question 4

What is the American century

Answer 4

a global age defined by American ideals and American might, both political and economic

Question 5

Who predicted the dawning of the American Century

Answer 5

Henry Luce

Question 6

What magazine did Henry Luce publish?

Answer 6

Time

Question 7

Where was the major financial un conference held

Answer 7

Bretton Woods, New Hampshire July 1944

Question 8

What did the world bank provide

Answer 8

loans for the reconstruction of war-torn Europe, as well as for the economic development of previously colonized nations

Question 9

What did the International Monetary Fund do?

Answer 9

stabilize national currencies and provide a predictable monetary environment for trade

Question 10

What did the IMF and World Bank encourage countries to do?

Answer 10

Become capitalist

Question 11

What agreement oversaw trade rules and practices?

Answer 11

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Question 12

Who coined the term military-industrial complex?

Answer 12

Dwight D. Eisenhower in his farewell address

Question 13

What was the military-industrial complex

Answer 13

the growth of military establishment and defense contractors

Question 14

What caused an increase in military-industrial spending?

Answer 14

Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik

Question 15

What did the National Defense Education Act of 1958 do?

Answer 15

funneled millions of dollars into American universities

Question 16

What did type of worker did new corporate giants require?

Answer 16

White-collar worker

Question 17

What was analyzed in The Affluent Society

Answer 17

the nation’s successful, “affluent” middle class

Question 18

How did The Other America describe poverty?

Answer 18

“economic underworld”

Question 19

What two things became synonymous in consumer culture?

Answer 19

Buying and American citizenship

Question 20

What did the GI Bill do?

Answer 20

helped send 2.2 million veterans to college and another 5.6 million to trade school via government financing

Question 21

What is the proper name for the GI Bill?

Answer 21

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944

Question 22

What did the Veterans administration do?

Answer 22

help former soldiers purchase ew homes with no down payment

Question 23

What employment practice helped grow the middle class?

Answer 23

collective bargaining and unions

Question 24

What grew up with baby boomers

Answer 24

consumption and advertising

Question 25

Did television mirror American experience?

Answer 25

They only mirrored very few American's experiences

Question 26

Who made up the largest audience for motion pictures?

Answer 26

teenagers

Question 27

What was bepop

Answer 27

a hard-driving improvisational style of music developed by black musicians

Question 28

What were fans of bebop called?

Answer 28

Beats

Question 29

What caused church membership to jump?

Answer 29

age of anxiety about nuclear annihilation and the rise of communism

Question 30

Who was the nation's leading evangelical/

Answer 30

Reverend Billy Graham

Question 31

What roles did men and women have in a family?

Answer 31

men were breadwinners and decision makers, women cared for children and took a secondary position in public life

Question 32

What became an almost civic resposibility

Answer 32

to have children

Question 33

What were miracle drugs

Answer 33

medicine that provided ready cures for previous serious diseases

Question 34

What did Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care encourage mothers to do?

Answer 34

trust their own instincts and be flexible

Question 35

What was a double day for women

Answer 35

a day of paid work and family work

Question 36

What were homophiles

Answer 36

a group of lesbian and gay activists

Question 37

What was the American template for "the good life

Answer 37

a high value on consumption, a devotion to family or domesticity, and a preference for suburban living

Question 38

who applied mass construction techniques to housing?

Answer 38

William J. Levitt

Question 39

What were homes in Levittown like?

Answer 39

four room house, with kitchen appliances, priced around $7,990

Question 40

What two organizations radically reshaped the home mortgage market

Answer 40

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Veterans Administration (VA)

Question 41

How were Levitt's houses discriminatory

Answer 41

only allowed the Caucasian race

Question 42

What Supreme Court case outlawed restrictive covenants?

Answer 42

Shelley v. Kraemer

Question 43

Was the ruling in Shelley v. Kramer Effective

Answer 43

No, it was not until 20 years later in the Fair Housing Act when federal law explicitly prohibited racial discrimination

Question 44

what did the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act authorize?

Answer 44

$26 billion to fund a vast expansion of the national highway network and 42,500 miles worth of newly constructed highways into a single system

Question 45

What two new commercial forms dominated the late 20th century

Answer 45

Fast food and shopping malls

Question 46

Who owned the McDonald company

Answer 46

Ray Kroc

Question 47

What was the Sunbelt

Answer 47

A broad swath of the South and Southwestern states. where defense industry jobs, low taxes, mild winters, and plenty of open space encouraged the construction of sprawling subdivisions

Question 48

What business was Sunbelt suburbanization close to

Answer 48

the military-industrial complex

Question 49

What groups left cities, and what groups entered cities

Answer 49

Middle-class whites/African Americans

Question 50

Why was the Kerner commission founded

Answer 50

due to a wave of destructive race related riots in the summer of 1967

Question 51

What did the Displaced Persons Act of 1948 allow

Answer 51

the entry of approximately 415,000 Europeans, many of them Jewish refugees

Question 52

What did the McCarran-Walter Act end?

Answer 52

the exclusion of Japanese, Koreans, and Southeast Asians