Unit 4 Day 1 Flashcards
What led to the 14th amendment
A 3 day scuffle that left 48 African Americans dead
What was the 14th amendment
enforcing US Citizenship rights
Who was the president after Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
What party was Andrew Johnson
A Unionist Democrat
Who refused to sign the 14th amendment
Andrew Johnson
What did the reconstruction act allow southern states to do?
Re-enter the union
Why was there a struggle with powers following the civil war?
There was no clarity on who can allow Southern states to re-enter the Union
What 2 things did Lincoln want Southern states to do before they were allowed to enter the union?
Approve the 13th amendment, and have 10% of its voters take a loyalty oath
What did the Wade-Davis Bill require southern states to do before being re-admitted into the union?
Majority must take an oath of alliegence
Who was disenfranchised under the Wade-Davis Bill?
Confederate leaders
Who rejected the Wade-Davis Bill by a pocket Veto?
Lincoln
Who did many unionists blame for Lincoln’s assassination?
All confederates
Who was a “common man”
Johnson
What did black codes attempt to do?
Force former slaves back to plantation labor
What mixed signals did Johnson give
Said he was against southern planters, but allied with ex-confederate leaders and pardoned them
Who is this in reference to: “You have become a benefactor of the Southern people”
Johnson
What did congress to in December 1865
Blocked Johnson’s program
Why was the Freedmen’s bureau created
to combat racial violence in the South
What did the Freedmen’s bureau do?
Give aid to displaced blacks and other war refugees
What was the name of the act that declared formerly enslaved people as citizens with equal protection and rights of contract, and full access to the courts.
Civil Rights act of 1866
What two bills did Johnson veto
Civil Rights Act, Freedmen’s Bureau
Who said this: “As long as I am president, it should be a government for white men”
Johnson
What happened to the Civil Rights Act and Freedmen’s Bureau
Congress passed them with a 2/3 majority
What writing states that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” were citizens
The 14th amendment
What political party wanted sweeping transformations in the defeated South
Radical Republicans
Who was the leader of the Radical Republicans?
Charles Sumner
Who was the House’s representative in Pennsylvania who was a passionate advocate of political and economic rights?
Thaddeus Stevens
Who was suspended as Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton
Who replaced Stanton as secretary of war
Ulysses S. Grant
What did Johnson misjudge about Grant?
His loyalty, he was an open enemy of Johnson’s
What did Grant humbly do?
Resign so Stanton could resume his place as secretary of war
How many counts of misconduct against Johnson were brought up in the house
11
How close was the senate to convicting Johnson
One vote short
Who was the republican’s nomination in the 1868 election
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was the democrat’s nomination in the 1868 election
former New York governor Horatio Seymour
Who won the 1868 election?
Ulysses S. Grant
Which amendment protected a male citizen’s right to vote irrespective of are color or “previous conditions of servitude”
The 15th amendment
What writing does this quote refer to “The colored people of these Southern states have cast their lot with the government”
The 15th amendment
What did many women hope would come with the 15th amendments
Women’s voting rights
What was the main reason republicans were against women’s enfranshisment
Because it would “distract” from race rights
What party did the American Woman Suffrage Association belong to
Republicans
Which women’s right committee took up battle for a federal suffrage amendment
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
What supreme court case ruled that state legislators could deny women the vote if they wished
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
Who said “I am a free lover. I have an inalienable, constitutional, and natural right to love whom I may, to love as long or as short period as I can; to change that love every day if I please” and what milestone did she break
Victoria Woodhull, first female stockbroker on wall street
What was the Beecher-Tilton scandal
When Woodhull accused a minister of having affairs
What was the first territory to give women full voting rights
Wyoming
to what did the issue of resettlement of blacks fall to
The Freedmen’s bureau
What did Johnson’s amnesty plan allow confederates to do
recover property seized from the war
What is this quote, said by black protesters, in reference to, “Why do you take away our lands?”
Johnson ordering to give Sherman lands back to white plantation owners
What did congressional leaders see former slave’s role in an antebellum America?
wage workers
What was congress reluctant to confiscate
White-owned plantations
What did most freedpeople resort to doing
working for their previous owners
What did southern planters replace gang labor with
wage labor system
What familial culture did African Americans accept
domesticity
What is the system in which freedmen worked as renters, exchanging their labor for the use of land, house, implements, or seed and fertilizer
Share cropping
What did Crop-lien laws enforce?
Lender’s ownership rights to the crop share (middle man)
What American system expanded to India, Egypt, Brazil, and West Africa
Share cropping
Who exploited share croppers
Merchants
How many black farmers were share croppers
3/4
How many white farmers were share croppers
1/3
What, contrary to Republican hopes, happened to the antebellum south’s economy
It was stagnant
T/F: Ex-confederates accepted Republican legitimacy
False
What was described as “strange, abnormal and unfit”
African Americans in public office
What was a major familial law change in an antebellum south
Divorce was made more accessible
What 2 groups joined through the Union League, a secret fraternal order
Black and White Republicans
What was the Union Leauge
a grassroots wing of Radical Repulicanism
What movement funded schools and supplies to formerly enslaved families to build economic security
Freedmen’s Aid Movement
What is unique about universities such as His, Toulagoo, and the Hampton Institute
Focused on training teachers, established by the freedmen’s bureau
Who are these in reference to, said by ex-confederates, “scalawags, carpetbaggers”
Those who supported African American education
T/F: Many believed slavery only victimized blacks
False - slavery also victimized poorer whites
What was the name of a steamer pilot who became a war hero after he escaped to the Union Navy, and was later elected into congress
Robert Smalls
What is it that this white woman in Georgia called “a wonderful reform”
Southern state legislation that allowed married women to own land and work wage jobs
Who were “crazy to learn”
Freedpeople
What system allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor in mines and other industries
convict leasing
What does this quote refer to “A man in this state cannot do his whole duty as a minister except he looks out for the political interest of his people”
Ministers becoming political spokesmen
What do the “children of Israel” refer to
the special destiny of freepeople according to religious leaders
T/F: Desegregation was not a concern during the reconstruction era
False
What does this quote refer to: “I don’t want my children to be pounded by … white boys.”
Concerns of desegregation
Which republican senator wrote a bill proposing desegregation
Charles Sumner
What law does this quote refer to: “full and equal” access to hurt service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race
Civil Rights Act of 1875
What year marked the waning of radical reconstruction
1874
What state is referenced in the racist book The Prostate State as “black barbarism”
South Carolina
T/F: Violence against blacks stopped as a result of radical reconstruction
False
What caused the global recession of 1873
US and Germany ceased coining silver as money
What type of companies were mainly affected by the depression?
Steel/Railroad
What did “tramps” instill on American people
FEAR
What happened to the Freedmen’s Bureau
Lost majority of its Federal support due to depression
T/F: Corruption was not common in Southern States
False
What private bank tragically collapsed due to the depression
The Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company
What did Republicans believed was the government’s responsibility to do after the freedman’s savings and trust company collapsed
Step in
What is the title given to people who believed in free trade, small government, low property taxes, and litigation of voting rights
Classic Liberalism
What policy did classic liberalists propose
laissez faire
What new party formed from classical liberalism
Liberal Republican
Who was the Liberal Republican candidate in the 1872 election
Horace Greeley
What was interesting about Greeley’s nomination
He was nominates by two parties, the liberal republicans and the democrats
Who won the election of 1872
Ulysses S. Grant
What did both democrats and liberal republicans agree on
freedmen were unfit to vote
What does this quote refer to “can only mean in plain English the government of ignorance and vice”
denouncement of universal suffrage
What scheme involved a corporation set up by shareholders to secure government grants at an enormous profit
Crédit Mobilier
What did many criticize of the second Grant administration
Surrounded by scandal
What governments were known as illegitimate “regimes” to ex-confederates
Southern reconstruction governmnets
How did ex-confederates fight black communities
Using extreme violence
What did southern democrats call their murderous and undemocratic violence toward black power
“Redemption”
Who founded the Klu Klux Klan
Nathan Forest
Who were the first targets of the Klu Klux Klan
Republican government of Tennessee
T/F: The Klu Klux Klan was an extremist group that did not represent the beliefs of majority of Democrats, and acted on its own
False
Why were Enforcement Laws made?
To combat the violence in the south
What laws authorized federal prosecutions, military intervention, and martial law to suppress terrorist activity
Enforcement laws
What happened in the congressional election of 1874
Democrats took half of Republican seats
What does this quote refer to: “The election is not merely a victory but a revolution”
The democrats great success in the 1874 congressional election
What did Grant start refusing to do
give military aid to souther Republicans
What did the Slaughter-House Cases do
undercut the power of the Fourteenth amendment
What cases struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Who was the Republican nominee in the 1876 election
Rutherford B. Hayes
Who was the democratic nominee in the 1876 election
Samuel J. Tilden
What did both candidates of the 1876 favor
home rule for the south
How was the 1876 election decided
Congress
Why was the election of 1876 controversial?
Due to a gap in the constitution
Who won the 1876 election
Hayes
What caused the end of reconstruction
the new president ordered union soldiers to leave the south
What was the justification for violent assumptions of power in the South
that the previous governments were illegitimate
