Unit 4 Day 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What led to the 14th amendment
A
A 3 day scuffle that left 48 African Americans dead
2
Q
What was the 14th amendment
A
enforcing US Citizenship rights
3
Q
Who was the president after Lincoln
A
Andrew Johnson
4
Q
What party was Andrew Johnson
A
A Unionist Democrat
5
Q
Who refused to sign the 14th amendment
A
Andrew Johnson
6
Q
What did the reconstruction act allow southern states to do?
A
Re-enter the union
7
Q
Why was there a struggle with powers following the civil war?
A
There was no clarity on who can allow Southern states to re-enter the Union
8
Q
What 2 things did Lincoln want Southern states to do before they were allowed to enter the union?
A
Approve the 13th amendment, and have 10% of its voters take a loyalty oath
9
Q
What did the Wade-Davis Bill require southern states to do before being re-admitted into the union?
A
Majority must take an oath of alliegence
10
Q
Who was disenfranchised under the Wade-Davis Bill?
A
Confederate leaders
11
Q
Who rejected the Wade-Davis Bill by a pocket Veto?
A
Lincoln
12
Q
Who did many unionists blame for Lincoln’s assassination?
A
All confederates
13
Q
Who was a “common man”
A
Johnson
14
Q
What did black codes attempt to do?
A
Force former slaves back to plantation labor
15
Q
What mixed signals did Johnson give
A
Said he was against southern planters, but allied with ex-confederate leaders and pardoned them
16
Q
Who is this in reference to: “You have become a benefactor of the Southern people”
A
Johnson
17
Q
What did congress to in December 1865
A
Blocked Johnson’s program
18
Q
Why was the Freedmen’s bureau created
A
to combat racial violence in the South
19
Q
What did the Freedmen’s bureau do?
A
Give aid to displaced blacks and other war refugees
20
Q
What was the name of the act that declared formerly enslaved people as citizens with equal protection and rights of contract, and full access to the courts.
A
Civil Rights act of 1866
21
Q
What two bills did Johnson veto
A
Civil Rights Act, Freedmen’s Bureau
22
Q
Who said this: “As long as I am president, it should be a government for white men”
A
Johnson
23
Q
What happened to the Civil Rights Act and Freedmen’s Bureau
A
Congress passed them with a 2/3 majority
24
Q
What writing states that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” were citizens
A
The 14th amendment
25
What political party wanted sweeping transformations in the defeated South
Radical Republicans
26
Who was the leader of the Radical Republicans?
Charles Sumner
27
Who was the House's representative in Pennsylvania who was a passionate advocate of political and economic rights?
Thaddeus Stevens
28
Who was suspended as Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton
29
Who replaced Stanton as secretary of war
Ulysses S. Grant
30
What did Johnson misjudge about Grant?
His loyalty, he was an open enemy of Johnson's
31
What did Grant humbly do?
Resign so Stanton could resume his place as secretary of war
32
How many counts of misconduct against Johnson were brought up in the house
11
33
How close was the senate to convicting Johnson
One vote short
34
Who was the republican's nomination in the 1868 election
Ulysses S. Grant
35
Who was the democrat's nomination in the 1868 election
former New York governor Horatio Seymour
36
Who won the 1868 election?
Ulysses S. Grant
37
Which amendment protected a male citizen's right to vote irrespective of are color or "previous conditions of servitude"
The 15th amendment
38
What writing does this quote refer to "The colored people of these Southern states have cast their lot with the government"
The 15th amendment
39
What did many women hope would come with the 15th amendments
Women's voting rights
40
What was the main reason republicans were against women's enfranshisment
Because it would "distract" from race rights
41
What party did the American Woman Suffrage Association belong to
Republicans
42
Which women's right committee took up battle for a federal suffrage amendment
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
43
What supreme court case ruled that state legislators could deny women the vote if they wished
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
44
Who said "I am a free lover. I have an inalienable, constitutional, and natural right to love whom I may, to love as long or as short period as I can; to change that love every day if I please" and what milestone did she break
Victoria Woodhull, first female stockbroker on wall street
45
What was the Beecher-Tilton scandal
When Woodhull accused a minister of having affairs
46
What was the first territory to give women full voting rights
Wyoming
47
to what did the issue of resettlement of blacks fall to
The Freedmen's bureau
48
What did Johnson's amnesty plan allow confederates to do
recover property seized from the war
49
What is this quote, said by black protesters, in reference to, "Why do you take away our lands?"
Johnson ordering to give Sherman lands back to white plantation owners
50
What did congressional leaders see former slave's role in an antebellum America?
wage workers
51
What was congress reluctant to confiscate
White-owned plantations
52
What did most freedpeople resort to doing
working for their previous owners
53
What did southern planters replace gang labor with
wage labor system
54
What familial culture did African Americans accept
domesticity
55
What is the system in which freedmen worked as renters, exchanging their labor for the use of land, house, implements, or seed and fertilizer
Share cropping
56
What did Crop-lien laws enforce?
Lender's ownership rights to the crop share (middle man)
57
What American system expanded to India, Egypt, Brazil, and West Africa
Share cropping
58
Who exploited share croppers
Merchants
59
How many black farmers were share croppers
3/4
60
How many white farmers were share croppers
1/3
61
What, contrary to Republican hopes, happened to the antebellum south's economy
It was stagnant
62
T/F: Ex-confederates accepted Republican legitimacy
False
63
What was described as "strange, abnormal and unfit"
African Americans in public office
64
What was a major familial law change in an antebellum south
Divorce was made more accessible
65
What 2 groups joined through the Union League, a secret fraternal order
Black and White Republicans
66
What was the Union Leauge
a grassroots wing of Radical Repulicanism
67
What movement funded schools and supplies to formerly enslaved families to build economic security
Freedmen's Aid Movement
68
What is unique about universities such as His, Toulagoo, and the Hampton Institute
Focused on training teachers, established by the freedmen's bureau
69
Who are these in reference to, said by ex-confederates, "scalawags, carpetbaggers"
Those who supported African American education
70
T/F: Many believed slavery only victimized blacks
False - slavery also victimized poorer whites
71
What was the name of a steamer pilot who became a war hero after he escaped to the Union Navy, and was later elected into congress
Robert Smalls
72
What is it that this white woman in Georgia called "a wonderful reform"
Southern state legislation that allowed married women to own land and work wage jobs
73
Who were "crazy to learn"
Freedpeople
74
What system allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor in mines and other industries
convict leasing
75
What does this quote refer to "A man in this state cannot do his whole duty as a minister except he looks out for the political interest of his people"
Ministers becoming political spokesmen
76
What do the "children of Israel" refer to
the special destiny of freepeople according to religious leaders
77
T/F: Desegregation was not a concern during the reconstruction era
False
78
What does this quote refer to: "I don't want my children to be pounded by ... white boys."
Concerns of desegregation
79
Which republican senator wrote a bill proposing desegregation
Charles Sumner
80
What law does this quote refer to: "full and equal" access to hurt service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race
Civil Rights Act of 1875
81
What year marked the waning of radical reconstruction
1874
82
What state is referenced in the racist book The Prostate State as "black barbarism"
South Carolina
83
T/F: Violence against blacks stopped as a result of radical reconstruction
False
84
What caused the global recession of 1873
US and Germany ceased coining silver as money
85
What type of companies were mainly affected by the depression?
Steel/Railroad
86
What did "tramps" instill on American people
FEAR
87
What happened to the Freedmen's Bureau
Lost majority of its Federal support due to depression
88
T/F: Corruption was not common in Southern States
False
89
What private bank tragically collapsed due to the depression
The Freedman's Savings and Trust Company
90
What did Republicans believed was the government's responsibility to do after the freedman's savings and trust company collapsed
Step in
91
What is the title given to people who believed in free trade, small government, low property taxes, and litigation of voting rights
Classic Liberalism
92
What policy did classic liberalists propose
laissez faire
93
What new party formed from classical liberalism
Liberal Republican
94
Who was the Liberal Republican candidate in the 1872 election
Horace Greeley
95
What was interesting about Greeley's nomination
He was nominates by two parties, the liberal republicans and the democrats
96
Who won the election of 1872
Ulysses S. Grant
97
What did both democrats and liberal republicans agree on
freedmen were unfit to vote
98
What does this quote refer to "can only mean in plain English the government of ignorance and vice"
denouncement of universal suffrage
99
What scheme involved a corporation set up by shareholders to secure government grants at an enormous profit
Crédit Mobilier
100
What did many criticize of the second Grant administration
Surrounded by scandal
101
What governments were known as illegitimate "regimes" to ex-confederates
Southern reconstruction governmnets
102
How did ex-confederates fight black communities
Using extreme violence
103
What did southern democrats call their murderous and undemocratic violence toward black power
"Redemption"
104
Who founded the Klu Klux Klan
Nathan Forest
105
Who were the first targets of the Klu Klux Klan
Republican government of Tennessee
106
T/F: The Klu Klux Klan was an extremist group that did not represent the beliefs of majority of Democrats, and acted on its own
False
107
Why were Enforcement Laws made?
To combat the violence in the south
108
What laws authorized federal prosecutions, military intervention, and martial law to suppress terrorist activity
Enforcement laws
109
What happened in the congressional election of 1874
Democrats took half of Republican seats
110
What does this quote refer to: "The election is not merely a victory but a revolution"
The democrats great success in the 1874 congressional election
111
What did Grant start refusing to do
give military aid to souther Republicans
112
What did the Slaughter-House Cases do
undercut the power of the Fourteenth amendment
113
What cases struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
114
Who was the Republican nominee in the 1876 election
Rutherford B. Hayes
115
Who was the democratic nominee in the 1876 election
Samuel J. Tilden
116
What did both candidates of the 1876 favor
home rule for the south
117
How was the 1876 election decided
Congress
118
Why was the election of 1876 controversial?
Due to a gap in the constitution
119
Who won the 1876 election
Hayes
120
What caused the end of reconstruction
the new president ordered union soldiers to leave the south
121
What was the justification for violent assumptions of power in the South
that the previous governments were illegitimate
