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Summer US History > Unit 5 Day 2 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Day 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does this quote refer to and who said it? “Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment”

A

Great Depression/FDR

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2
Q

What plan contributed to the reinvention of liberalism

A

The New Deal

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3
Q

Classical liberals believed that what?

A

Government should be small and weak

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4
Q

What caused many to support the new deal

A

Many believed drastic action was needed

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5
Q

Why did the gold standard lead to the Great Depression?

A

The gold standard rendered nations unable to increase the supply of currency at precisely the moment when more was needed

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6
Q

What party was President Herbert Hoover

A

Republican

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7
Q

What 2 traditional beliefs did Herbert Hoover and most Republicans believe in?

A

Success went to those who earned it, business community could fight economic downturns without government assistance

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8
Q

“Any lack of confidence in the economic future or the strength of business in the United States is foolish.”

A

Herbert Hoover cutting taxes

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9
Q

What blunder led to the depression being prolonged?

A

Hover keeping the gold standard

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10
Q

What did Herbert do that caused damaged the economy greatly

A

Increased tarrifs

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11
Q

What law further hindered global trade and worsened economic contraction throughout the industrialized world.

A

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

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12
Q

After his two blunders, what was Herbert’s next move.

A

To increase federal spending in public works by $700 million

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13
Q

What program of Hoover’s provided federal loans to railroads, banks, and other businesses.

A

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)>

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14
Q

Where did many evicted people move?

A

Hoovervilles

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15
Q

What group protested the falling commodity prices by cutting off supplies, barricading roads, and dumping milk vegetables, and other foodstuffs onto the roadways

A

Farmer’s Holiday Association

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16
Q

How did many unions end?

A

in violence

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17
Q

What group was a loose caravan of unemployed WWI veterans

A

The Bonus Army

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18
Q

What does this quote refer to: “We were heroes in 1917 but we’re bums now”

A

The Bonus Army

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19
Q

What did hoover do to the Bonus Army

A

Forcefully evicted them

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20
Q

Who was the republican nomination in the 1932 election?

A

Herbert Hoover

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21
Q

Who was the democratic nomination for the 1932 election?

A

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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22
Q

T/F: Roosevelt’s ideas greatly differed from Hoover’s

A

False

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23
Q

What did FDR of to make him an intimate presence in home life

A

Establish the fireside chats

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24
Q

What was the hundred days

A

Congress enacted fifteen major bills to fight the depression

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25
Q

What 4 fronts were the bills of the hundred days passed

A

Banking failures, agricultural overproduction, the manufacturing slump, and soaring unemployment

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26
Q

What was a bank holiday

A

when all the banks were closed an Congress would have a secret session

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27
Q

What law permitted banks to reopen one a Treasury Department inspection showed they had sufficient cash reserves

A

Emergency Banking Act

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28
Q

What law further restored public confidence by creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A

Glass-Steagall Act

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29
Q

What government agency insured deposits up to $2,500

A

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

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30
Q

When did Roosevelt remove the US Treasury from the gold standard

A

June 1933

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31
Q

What law marked the first direct governmental regulation of farm economy

A

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

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32
Q

What did the AAA provide farmers with

A

cash subsidies to cut overproduction

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33
Q

What law established the NRA

A

National Industrial Recovery Act

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34
Q

What did the national Recovery Administration (NRA) do?

A

regulated wages, prices, and production quotas

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35
Q

What government agency provided federal funds directly to state relief programs

A

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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36
Q

Who directed FERA

A

Harry Hopkins

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37
Q

What was the nickname for government welfare payments

A

“the dole”

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38
Q

What was the name of the large scale construction program that would construct the Boulder and Grand Coulee Dams

A

Public Works Administration (PWA)

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39
Q

What government agency provided jobs for 4 million Americans and repaired bridges

A

The Civil Works Administration (CWA)

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40
Q

Who headed the (CWA)

A

Harry Hopins

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41
Q

What government agency annually mobilized 250,000 men to do reforestation and conservation work

A

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

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42
Q

What organization refinanced home mortgages

A

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

43
Q

What law extended the HOLC to the Federal Housing Administration

A

The Federal Housing Act of 1934

44
Q

What did critics of FDR call him

A

“That Man”

45
Q

What citizen group fought against the New Deal

A

The American Liberty Leauge

46
Q

What was a more permanent group that fought the new deal

A

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

47
Q

How did NAM promote their cause?

A

radio, movies, billboards

48
Q

In what Supreme Court case ruled that the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional

A

Schechter vs. United States

49
Q

Who spoke for the nation’s elderly

A

Francis Townsend

50
Q

What plan did Townsed propose

A

Old Age Revolving Pension Plan

51
Q

What would the Townsend Plan do

A

Give $200 a month to retired citizens over the age of 60

52
Q

Who charged Roosevelt and Democrats with insufficient action to protect the welfare of citizens

A

Father Charles E. Coughlin

53
Q

Who proposed a 100% tax on all income over $1 million and inheritances over $5 milliion

A

Huey Long

54
Q

What was the name for Roosevelt’s shift to the left

A

Second New Deal

55
Q

What law proposed a substantial tax increase on corporate profits and higher income and estate taxes on the wealthy

A

Revenue at of 1935

56
Q

What did the Second New Deal focus on

A

Social justice and the creation of a safety net

57
Q

What term describes government-guarenteed social-welfare programs

A

Welfare state

58
Q

What law guaranteed works the right to organize unions

A

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

59
Q

What law established the right of industrial workers to join unions

A

Wagner Act

60
Q

What government agency did the Wagner Act establish

A

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

61
Q

What did the NLRB do?

A

authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining

62
Q

What law created an old age pension system

A

Social Security Act

63
Q

What conteversial program assisted widows and children

A

Aid to Dependent Children (ADC)

64
Q

What was the ADCs? successor

A

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

65
Q

What political ideology formed from the Second New Deal

A

“New Deal liberalism”

66
Q

Which of Roosevelts terms was more successful?

A

His first

67
Q

What agency employed others to construct roads, bridges, public buildings, parks, and airports

A

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

68
Q

Who was the 1936 Republican presidential candidate

A

Alfred Landon

69
Q

What was “the greatest revolution in our political history”

A

Roosevelts re-election for a 3rd term

70
Q

What did Roosevelt propose to do to the court?

A

Add one new justice for every member over the age of 70

71
Q

What did Roosevelt do to increase the unemployment rate?

A

Slashed New Deal Programs

72
Q

What was Keynesian economics?

A

That government intervention could Smoot out the highs and lows of the business cycle

73
Q

What law outlawed child labor

A

Fair Labor Standards Act

74
Q

What hit ballad captured democratic aspirations of the New Deal

A

Ballad for Americans

75
Q

Who wrote the Ballad for Americans

A

John La Touche, Earl robinson

76
Q

What does this quote refer to “The era of privilege and predatory individuals is over”

A

Increase in unions

77
Q

What party supported labor

A

Democratic party

78
Q

Who was the first woman to fill a cabinet post

A

Frances Perkins

79
Q

How many believed that wives should work outside the home when their husbands had jobs

A

18%

80
Q

Which African American women pushed for New Deal Programs to help African Americans

A

Mary McLeod Bethune

81
Q

What agency actively protected the rights of black tenant farmers

A

Resettlement Administration

82
Q

What government agency hurt African Americans because white landowners refused to distribute payments to tenants

A

AAA

83
Q

What organization was notable for its racial integration

A

Southern Tenant Farmers Union (STFU)

84
Q

What group of African Americans, accused of rape, inspired solidarity within African American communities

A

Scottsboro Boys

85
Q

Who headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs

A

John Collier

86
Q

What law reversed the breaking up of tribes with a system of individual land ownership

A

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

87
Q

What is the other name for the Indian Reorganization Act

A

Indian New Deal

88
Q

fT/F: Roosevelts program fundamentally reformed the migrant farm labor system

A

False

89
Q

What Asian group was discriminated from farm jobs

A

Japanese

90
Q

Who were “aliens ineligible for citizenship”

A

Chinese Americans

91
Q

What law provided gradual independence for the Philippines

A

Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934

92
Q

what was the dust bowl

A

an extreme drought

93
Q

What did the Soil Conservation Service do to help the effects of the dustbowl

A

Educated farmers

94
Q

What did the US Forest Service do to help the effects of the dustbowl

A

Planted 220 million trees in a wide “shelter belt”

95
Q

What did Roosevelt see as the first step in modernizing the agrarian South

A

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

96
Q

What did the TVA do?

A

Integrated environmental efforts under one government-owned corporation

97
Q

What agency was central to enhancing the quality of rural life

A

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

98
Q

What region benefited the most from the New Deal’s focus on the enviroment

A

the West

99
Q

What was the biggest environmental project in the West

A

The building of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River

100
Q

What does this quote from a song refer to: “Roll on, Columbia, Roll on”

A

The Columbia dam

101
Q

Wha project connected the Shenandoah National Park with the Smoky Mountains National Park

A

the Blue Ridge Parkway

102
Q

What 2 project employed musicians and writers

A

Federal Music Project, Federal Writer’s Project (FWP)

103
Q

What project nurtured talented directors, actors, and playwrights

A

Federal Theatre Project (FTP)

Summer US History (13 decks)

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