Unit 5 Test Flashcards
What was progressivism
The idea of increased regulation, especially in banking and regulations for workers
What laws regulate the conduct and organization of businesses to promote competition and prevent unjustified monopolies
Antitrust legislations
What is the FDA
A federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services
What is the FDA responsible for?
protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food, drug, cosmetic, and medical safety
What is the regulatory agency in the US created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
the Interstate Commerce Commission
What was the purpose of the ICC
regulate railroads, trucking, and other common carriers to ensure fair rates and eliminate rate discrimination
What type of power was used in imperialism?
Hard Power
What type of force did Hard Power use?
Military force
What race did Americans view as inferior, and could not rule themselves
The Philippines
What sold the Philippines to the US for $20 million
Treaty of Paris
What did the Jones Act of 1916 do
committed US to Philippine independence, but with no date
What disrupted a US affair
Struggle between Cuba and Spain for Cuban independence
What war was a product of Cuban independence
War of 1898
What did the Teller Amendment reassure Americans
that their country would respect the political independence of other nations
What president was against the Teller amendment
McKinley
How did the War of 1989 end?
Peace agreement freeing Cuba, and giving Puerto Rico and Guam to the US
What did the Platt Amendment prohibit Cuba fro doing?
making a treaty with any other country than the US, and allow the US to intervene in Cuban affairs
What area did the US acquire in the Platt Amendment
Guantanamo Bay
What was the maine
A ship that sank in Havana and contributed to the start of war of 1898
What was the phrase that contributed to start the war of 1898
Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain
T/F: Cuba did not sink the Maine
True
How did the Maine really sink?
A mechanical accident
What resolution annexed Hawaii?
Newlands Resolution
What territory did Americans, as the Aryan race, feel they needed to ‘rescue’
Hawaii
What was the Secretary of State under Lincoln
Seward
What was the name for Alaska
Seward’s icebox
What did Alaska act as in terms of Europe?
A mid-point
What was the midpoint between the US and the Philippines
Hawaii
What was the common stance of Alaska?
Seward was crazy to try to purchase it
t/f: Alaska had very little resources due to its cold and barren landscape
False
What did Seward see access to global markets as?
Key to international power
How much was Alaska purchased for and from who?
Russia for $7.2 million
What 2 territories were given to the US as a result of the war of 1898
Guam and Puerto Rico
What social theory contributed to American exceptionalism
Social Darwinism
What idea was “evidence” to social darwinism
Eugenics
What was social darwinism?
survival of the fittest
What theory, dating back to the Puritans, justifies racism
City on a Hill
What does “City on a Hill” believe
those on top of the social order are there because they are the “best”
What book encouraged American annexation and colonization of the Philippine Island?
“White Man’s Burden”
Who wrote the white man’s burden
Kipling
What supreme court case constitutionalized “separate but equal”
Plessy vs. Ferguson
What resulted of Plessy Vs. Ferguson
Racial segregation
What were segregated as of 1896
railroad cars and other public facilities
What president was imperialistic toward Latin America?
Theodore Roosevelt
What theory would social darwinists also believe in?
Great Man Theory
What was the White Man’s Burden poem written about
the Philippine-American war
who said “speak softly, but use a big stick”
Theodore Roosevelt
how was Roosevelt always photographed?
Always looking tough, and never showing his disability
What role did Theodore Roosevelt have during the War of 1898?
Stormed Cuba, one of the Rough riders
Who founded the national parks?
Theodore Roosevelt
What stated that the US would control all of the Caribbean?
Roosevelt Corollary
T/F: The Roosevelt corollary was merely a declaration?
True
What 2 things did the Roosevelt Corally allow the US to do?
right to regulate affairs, and “Mess with” Mexico when necessary
Who created Yellow journalists?
William Randolph Hearst
What did Yellow Jounalists do?
Turn Cuba’s plight into a cause célèbre
T/F: Yellow Journalists were very truthful
False - it was basically propoganda
Who participated in the Boxer Rebellion?
A secret society of Chinese nationalists, known as “Boxers”
What did “Boxers” rebel against
Foreign occupation
Where did the Boxer Rebellion take place
China
What did US do as a result of the Boxer Rebellion
sent 5000 troops to join a multinational campaign to break the nationalist’s siege of European offices in Beijing
What policy did U.S. involvement in the Boxer rebellion start
“open door” policy
Who claimed equal trade for all nations seeking to do business in China
Secretary of State, John Hay
What did Hay revise his open door policy to become?
territorial and administrative identity
What did the second open door policy ensure
a legal fiction of an independent China survived, and Americans could claim equal access to its market
What party did Roosevelt make to run in the Election of 1912
Bull Moose Party
Who did Roosevelt oppose in the 1912 election?
Woodrow Wilson, and Republican William Howard Taft
Why was the Bull Moose Party given its name?
characteristics of strength and vigor, often used to describe Roosevelt.
What did Jim Crow laws do?
ensure repressive racism and poverty
What were Jim Crow Laws named after
a character making fun of a silly black person, named Jim Crow
What drew people to the cities during the Great Migration
WWI created economic opportunities, in well-paid work in war industries
how many migrated from the south to the north in WWI
400,000
What came from African American’s, free from a Jim Crow South, taking war jobs
patriotic pride
What was redlining?
forcing African Americans to live on the Southside
What could kill the enemy underground, behind cover, or force them into the open
Grenades
What is the other term for Grenades
“Hand Bombs”
What were German stick grenades called and why
potato mashers because of their shape
What were utilized for dropping tactical bombs, and aimed at both civilian and industrial areas
Airplanes
What were airplanes originally used for in WWI?
reconnaissance, gathering Information beyond enemy trenches, taking photos of enemy positions
Did WWI see the first air-to-air combat
Yes
What war weapon was used to run people over
Tanks
Where were tanks first developed
Britain
What were tanks first called?
“Landships
What was the hope that tanks would do?
end stalemate trench warfare
What were tanks originally designed to do?
cross over & capture enemy trenches
What was the name, to maintain secrecy, of tanks
“Water Tanks”
In what battle were tanks first used
Battle of Somme
T/F: Tanks were unsuccessful in their first battle.
True!
Even though the tanks malfunctioned, what advantage did it provide the British over the Germans
Psychological advantage
What part of the tank was later added?
rotatable turret
Who designed the rotatable turret
France
What was a defensive protection in trenches that was used to trap soldiers?
Barbed Wire
What did barbed wire attempt to channel enemy forces into
“kill zones” covered with machine guns and artillery
T/F: The barbed wire was one of the most effective low-tech weapons of WWI
True
What was barbed wire at first used for?
keeping animals - dehumanization of war DBQ! He’ll love it.
What weapon did people have to use masks to defend themselves
poison gas
T/F: Poison gas was not lethal, and just made people pass out
False
What was the first poisonous gas used in WW1, who invented it and when
Chlorine gas, Germans, 1915
What units were trained in offense and defensive gas warfare
Chemical Warfare Units
Was chemical warfare banned?
Yes
Where was chemical warfare banned
Geneva protocol of 1925
How were flame throwers used
gas tanks strapped to soldiers back, and they ignited the gas to make a flame
T/F: Flamethrowers were invented in WW1
False
Who first used flamethrowers
Germans
How did germans use flame throwers at first?
Shower enemy with burning liquid and flush out otherwise unassailable troops
What was the downfall of flamethrowers?
Short range limited effectiveness
What were flame throwers used before?
infantry attack
How did soldiers evade flame throwers
Leaped from safe positions into enemy gunfire, out of fear of being set on fire
What was the name for German submarines
U-boats
What is the root of the U-boats
Unterseeboot- “Undersea Boat”
How did germans use U-boats strategically
main strategy for Germany to fight Britain’s advanced navy and battleships
What were U-boats armed with
torpedoes
How were torpedoes on U-boats used?
Sneak up on enemy ships and destroy them
What was the most famous U-boat attack
on the passenger ship, the Lustiania
What weapon was able to mow down enemies quickly and in great numbers
Machine gun
What was there no need for when using machine guns?
to aim
How many rounds a minute could machine guns fire
450-600
When was the machine gun invented
1884
Where were early versions of the machine gun used?
civil War
Who invented the machine gun?
Hiram S. Maxim
What referred to the digging of tunnels beneath enemy trenches, then igniting large charges of explosives
Land mining
What was the downfall of landmines?
required large numbers of men in specialist mining units, and enormous quantities of explosives.
What weapon were projectiles that broke apart midair and scatter smaller munitions over a large area
Cluster bombs
What war was cluster bombs first used in?
WWII, 2 not 1!
Why were cluster bombs controversial?
high failure rate, devastating consequences for civilians
Who typically carried cluster bombs?
Fighters and medium bombers
What ship was sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland
Lustania
What was the Lusitania, and what did it secretly hold?
British luxury passenger ship/munitions
How many people were killed on the Lusitania, and how many were Americans
1,200/128
What did the sinking of the Lustiania prompt Wilson to do?
reconsider options an indorse a $1 billion military buildup
T/F: the sinking of the Lusitania was the reason for American involvement in WWI
False
What was the Eastern Front?
One of two major military zones at the beginning of WWI
Who fought on the Eastern Front?
Germany and Austria-Hungary fought Russia
What caused peace on the Eastern front
Bolshevik (Communist) revolution in Russia, new government arranged a peace treaty with Central Powers
What did peace on the Eastern Front allow Germans to do,
launch a major offensive on the Western front
What was the Western Front?
One of the two major military zones at the beginning of WWI
Who fought on the Western Front
Germany against the British and the French
Did the western lines change a lot, or was it in a stalemate
A stalemate
What years was there a stalemate on the Western Front
1914-1918
Why was there a stalemate on the Western Front
Both sides hunkered down in trenches
What did the stalemate at the Western front allow Germany to do
resume unrestricted submarine warfare
What happened as a result of Germany’s unrestricted warfare in 1917
Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with germany
What eventually broke the stalemate on the Western front?
Influx of American troops and supplies
What message initiated US entry into the war
Zimmermann Telegram
What caused the Zimmerman telegram to affect the nation
publications by American newspapers
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
An intercepted dispatch from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to his minister in Mexio
What did the Zimmerman telegram urge Mexico to do
join the central powers
What did Zimmerman promise Mexico if they joined the Central Powers
They would help them recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
What killed more soldiers than gunfire
Influenza pandemic, or yellow fever
Where was the influenza pandemic first discovered
in military personnel
How many died as a result of the influenza pandemic
50 million
Over what years did the Influenza pandemic last
1918-1920
What law was a threat on freedom of speech
Sedition Act of 1918
What did the sedition act make a crime
to criticize the war or government
What was the Sedition Act of 1918 similar to?
Patriots banning the freedom of speech of loyalists
What did the Sedition Act of 1918 reflect in Wilson?
his obsession with suppressing wartime dissent
What other law, that defined treason loosely, led to the conviction of more than a thousand people?
Espionage Act of 1917
How much in reparations was Germany forced to pay in the treaty of versailles
$33 billion
What else, outside of reparations, were imposed on Germany as a part of the Treaty of Versailles
surrender resources and territory, and assigning them sole responsibility for the war
What did the treaty of versailles lead to
WWII
What was “one of history’s greatest catastrophes”
Treaty of Versailles
T/F: The Treaty of Versailles was rejected by the US senate
True
What argument was a major part of Wilson’s Fourteen points
no one should be declared victor, “peace among equals”
What part of the fourteen points did Britain and France disagree with
that no one should be victor
What were the fourteen points used for?
a basis for peace negotiations at Versailles
What did most of the 14 points actually discuss?
Colonial possessions, but they were ignored
What was the 14th point of the 14 points
Leauge of Nations
Why did the US not enter the league of Nations
fear of giving up its sovereign power to declare war
What orginization did the league of nations lead to?
United Nations
What was the league of nations
supranational organization to prevent future hostilities
What did Article X of the league of nations allow the league to do?
curb aggressor nations through collective military actions
What era began after the renaissance (1600) and up to WWI
Modern era
What ‘perfection of beauty’ did the modern era entail
Greco-Roman
What religious values did the west inherit in the modern era
Judeo-Christian values
What beauty philosophy happened in the modern era?
Be nice and kind (if your ugly, you “have a great personality”)
What two beliefs tried to combine in the modern era
Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christain
When was the postmodern era
1970-Present
What themes did the postmodern era entail that dated back to WWI
Lost Generation
What Supreme Court case loses its meaning in the post modern era
Scopes Monkey
What German belief did the post modern era entail
Nietzsche, “God is Dead”
What new question were people asking in the postmodern era?
What is my purpose?
What is modernism?
the understanding of artistic, technological, and historic components of the 20th century
What architect embodied modernism?
Frank Loyd Wright
What society was modernism broken off from?
A victorian society
What is the irony of modernism?
it is progressive, but it’ll create tanks and nukes
What was the “Age of Anxiety”
modernity
T/F: Modernity was a very late era
False, it was a philosiphy
What philosophy did modernity entail?
rejection of dominant discourse
What traditions did modernity break?
no more binary world (e.x. gender)
What society do we live in today
Post-modern
Who was the head of the antiradicalism unit within the Justice Department set up after the red scare?
J. Edgar Hoover
What did Hoover plan and excecute
the Palmer raids?
What were the Palmer raids led by Hoover?
raided radical organization, arrested 6000 and denied the legal council
What other organization did J. Edgar Hoover lead?
Federal Bureau of Investigation
How did J. Edgar Hoover increase federal police power?
using the red scare
What economic policy did J. Edgar Hoover believe in?
laissez-faire
Who was a nurse who moved to NYC in 1911, and volunteered with a Lower East Side settlement
Margaret Sanger
What caused Margaret Sanger to launch a crusade for birth control?
seeing suffering from constant pregnancies, and the death of her own mother from birthing 11 children
What newspaper column did Margaret Sanger write?
What Every Girl Should Know
what was “what every girl should know”, by Margaret Sanger charged with
obscenity
Even though it was charged with obscenity, what did “What Every Girl Should Know” allow Margaret Sanger to gain
publicity to launch the national birth control movement
What organization did Margaret Sanger found?
American Birth Control League, later named Planned parenthood
What constitutional rights did Margaret Sanger believe in?
Civil Liberties, Privacy
What policies did Margaret Sanger unfortunately believe in?
policies based on eugenics
Who was a notorious Chicago gangster
Al Capone
How did Al Capone make his fortune
off of illegal alcohol after Prohibition with the 18th amendment
Who was one of the greatest jazz composers and a bandleader
Duke Ellington
Where did Duke Ellington move to
New York
Why was moving to New York a good move for Duke Ellington?
people flocked ballrooms and clubs to hear his music
What club did Duke Ellington perform at
Cotton Club in Harlem
What made duke ellington a nationally known musician?
radio broadcasts
What organization did Marcus Garvey form?
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNAI)
when was the UNIA formed
during the Harlem Renaissance
Where was Marcus Garvey born
Jamaica
What did Marcus Garvey urge his followers to do?
move to Africa, arguing that they would always be treated unjustly in white-run countries
What newspaper did Marcus Garvey create?
Negro World
What steamship company did Marcus Gravey’s Negro World fund?
Black Star Line
What did the Black Star Line do?
carry black Americans to Africa
What led to the collapse of the UNIA
Marcus Garvey became a target of the FBI, and was deported to Jamaica
What was the “destruction of Black Wall Street”
Tulsa Oklahoma Race Riots
What did survivors of the Tulsa Oklahoma Race Riots wish to do?
Sue the government
Who led the Tulsa Oklahoma Race Riots
mobs of white residents, some of whom had been appointed deputies and armed by city government officials
What did the rioters do in the Tulsa Oklahoma Race Riots?
attacked black residents, and destroyed homes and businesses
What happened in the East St. Louis Riots
A series of labor and race related attacks by white Americans, who murdered between 39 and 150 African Americans
In what riot did white people tried to “bury the town”
Rosewood, Florida Massacre
What did whites do in the Rosewood, Florida Massacre
Torched houses and hunted African Americans, killing at least 6
What happened as a result of the Rosewood, Florida Massacre
The town vanished from the map
What caused the town of Rosewood, Florida to banish from the map
police and state authorities refused to intervine
What caused the Chicago race riots?
a young black man swimming in white territory was stoned to death
Who was a fourteen-year-old African American boy from the South Side of Chicago, and visited relatives in Mississippi in the summer of 1955
Emmett Till
What happened to Emmett Till
talked to a white woman in a grocery store, then was tortured and murdered.
Where was Emmett Till’s body found
bottom of a river
What happened in the prosecution of the murderers of Emmett Till
All white jury found defendant innocent, despite his uncle’s eyewitness testimony
What era did Emmett Till’s murder start
civil rights era
What modern parallel does Emmett Till have?
George Floyd
What organization found a surge in the 1920s
KKK
How many members did the KKK have at its peak
3 million
What film glorified the reconstruction-era Klan
Birth of a Nation
Where did a group of southerners gather to rebirth the KkK
Georgia’s Stone Mountain
What other groups fell victim of KKK harrasment
immigrants, catholics, and Jews
Where did the KKK get most of its considerable political clout
local levels
When did lynchings peak
between 1890 and 1910
Where was lynchings most common?
South
t/f: lynchings occurred at every state
true
What would lynching crowds do after they lunched
pose to have their pictures taken
What was the vibrant cultural movement centered around Harlem, NYC
Harlem Renaissance
What caused the Harlem Renaissance
The Great Migration, which tripled NYC African American population
What flourished during the Harlem Renaissance
African American artists, writers, intellectuals and social leaders in a literary and artistic culture rooted in everyday experiences of black people.
What was the most famous symbol of the Harlem Renaissance
Jazz
When and where did jazz first emerge
New Orleans and other parts of the South before WWI
What made jazz unique
peformers kept a rapid ragtime beat, and improvised around a basic melodic line.
Who helped popularize and refine the art of jazz
Radio and trumpeter Louis Armstrong
What was visiting a mixed race jazz club. called
“slumming”
Who was a poet that voiced the upbeat spirit of the Renaissance
langston hughes
What was Langston hughes’ famous quote
“I am Negro–and beautiful”
Who celebrated humor and spiritual strength of black men and women
Zora Neale Hearston
What did Hearston do?
traveled through the south and the Caribbean for a decade, documenting folklore, songs, and religious beliefs
What did Zora Neale Hearston seek to articulate
what it meant to be “both a negro and American”
How did Claude McKay portray black people, in a way that differed from American letters
with realism and sympathy
What amendment granted adult women the right to vote?
19th amendment
What organization fought for suffrage through means of patriotism through the war effort
NAWSA
What organization went on strikes to fight for suffrage
NWP
Who led the NWP
Alice Paul
What was the NWP’s most famous strike?
protested silently on the White House, then went on a hunger strike in jail
What were the only 2 ex-confederate states to ratify the suffrage amendment
Tennessee and texas
Who supported the KKK
Wilson
T/F: Wilson maintained his anti-suffrage position
False
T/F: African American women’s voting rights were still restricted in a Jim Crow South
True
What is the idea that the company should help you
Welfare Capitalism
What community didn’t allow a Catholic Church, only Protestant
Pullman Community in Chicago
What workers were attracted to the Pullman Community
those who shared Pullman’s vision of society
What commodities were in a Pullman Community
schools, parks, libraries, theaters
What did the Ford community provide
Benefits and churches
Who was the 19th president
Warren G. Harding
What political party was Harding
Republican
What era did the election of 1920 begin, and how long did it last until
Era of Republican political dominance that lasted until 1932
What did Harding’s domestic policy favor?
business
What what widespread during Harding’s presidency
corruption
How did Hardin’s term end in?
he died of a heart attack in 1923
What was the teapot dome scandal
secret leasing of government oil reserves to private companies in Teapot Dome, Wyoming
Who was the first cabinet office to serve a prison sentence, for accepting $300,000 in bribes in the Teapot Dome Scandal
Interior Secretary Albert Fall
Who was Harding’s VP
Calvin Coolidge
What was Coolidge’s campaign slogan for the 1924 election
“Keep cool with Coolidge”
What economic policy did Republicans believe in
laissez-faire
What were “flappers”
young women of the 1920s who went against fashion standards, by wearing knee length skirts and bold makeup
What behaviors did “flappers” have
defied conventional standards of conduct, freely spending money, dancing to jazz, smoking in public
What were speakeasies?
illegal bars created because of the prohibition
How was the prohibition started?
the Volstead Act
What groups supported and opposed the prohibition
rural citizens and protestants supported, urban citizens were opposed
What orginizations’ power expandsd because of prohibition
FBI
What caused the great depression
credit
What did people buy that was troublesome with credit
cars
What was the suburban sprawl
people living further from center of cities because of better transportation
What were the results of suburbanization
rising middle class incomes, new forms of borrowing, suburban housing boom
Why did Hamburgers arise
emerging concept of fast food and a new business model: the franchise
What device revolutionized communication
radios
What was the famous radio program
FDR’s fireside chats
How did consumer culture spread via radios?
through advertisement
what was the first widely affordable automobile
Ford Model T
What did cars give people more?
Freedom
What business practice did cars change?
the assembly line
How many people owned an automobile by 1929
1/2
What changed the way Americans spent leisure
Films
What were films secretly used for
war propaganda and patriotism through soft power, to export American culture to the rest of the world
What became the global movie capital
Hollywood
What allowed the transport of meat
refrigirators
what set up a quota system to limit annual immigration from each foreign country
National Orgins Act
What are Italians
catholics
What did Nativists believe there were too much of
European immigrants who undermined protestantism
What drastically curtailed immigration
using backdated census data, so only 2% could immigrate
What immigrants were attracted to Texas and California
Latin America and Western Hemisphere
What was “the greatest generation”
boomer’s parents
What did the greatest generation endure
Great Depression and WWII
What did the greatest generation traditionalize
hand me downs
What did Smoot-Hawley Tarrifs trigger
retaliatory tarries in other countries
Which president had polio
FDR
What was the only way FDR was photographed
from the chest up
What was FDR’s crowning jewel?
the New Deal
how many terms did FDR serve
4
What was the New Deal?
A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations
What did FDR discuss in his fireside chats
very transparent with his policies which developed trust and support of the people
Between what years did the New Deal last
1933-1939
What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do?
make subsidies for farmers
What created the FDIC
Glass Steagall Act
What 4 things did the FDIC prevent Federal Reserve member banks from doing
dealing in non-government securities, investing in non-investment grade securities, distributing non-government securities, affiliating or sharing employees with companies involved in such activities
What did the FDIC prevent security firms and investment banks from doing
taking deposits
What did the National Recovery Administration eliminate?
The gold standard
What did the National Recovery Administration encourage industries to do
get together and write codes of fair competition
What did “codes of fair competition” entail
set minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, and minimum prices at which products could be sold
What agency built large scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
What was the WPA’s effect
supplied employment, stabilize buying power, helped revive economy
What did the WPA build in the North Shore area
Skokie Lagoons
What employment agency banned women
Civillian Conservation Camp (CCC)
Where did the CCC employ people
outdoors across the countries, including National Parks
What were conditions of employees of the CCC
unsafe, not as regulated
Is the Federal Housing Administration still in effect today?
Yes
What did the federal housing administration do?
issue mortgages for by private lenders, and protected lenders against losses
What agency regulated insider trading and stocks
Security Exchange Commission
What did the SEC do?
enforce the law against market manipulation
When was the SEC created
after the stock market crash of 1929
What were the 5 agriculture new deal legislations
Agricultural Adjustment Act, Resettlement Administration, Rural Electrification Administration, Farm Security Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938
What year was the first AAA
1933
What year was the resettlement administration (RA)
1935
What year was the Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
1935
What year was the Farm Security Administration (FSA)
1937
What year was the second AAA
1938
What were the 6 finance and industry legislations
Emergency Baking Act, Glass-Steagall Act (created FDIC), National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), security and exchange commission (SEC), Banking Act of 1935, Revenue Act (wealth tax)
What year was the Emergency Banking Act
1933
What year was the Glass-Steagall act which created the FDIC
1933
What year was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
1933
What year was the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
1934
What year was the Banking Act
1935
What year was the Revenue Act (wealth tax)
1935
What were the 3 Conservation and Environment legislations?
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC), Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
What year was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
1933
What year was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
1933
What year were the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
1933
What were the 6 labor and social welfare acts
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), Social Security Act, National Housing Act, Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Section 7(a) of NIRA
What year was Section 7(a) of NIRA
1933
What year was the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
1935
What year was the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
1935
What year was the Social Security Act?
1935
What year was the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
1938
What were the 5 Relief and Reconstruction acts?
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), Civil Works Administration (CWA), Public Works Administration (PWA), Works Progress Administration (WPA), National Youth Administration (NYA)
What year was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
1933
What year was the Civil Works Administration (CWA)
1933
What year was the Public Works Administration (PWA)
1933
When was the Works Progress Administration (PWA)?
1933
What year was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
1935
What year was the National Youth Administration (NYA)
1935
What did the Wagner Act guarantee?
the right of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective actions such as strikes
What act, funded by payroll taxes, contributed to a dramatic decline in poverty among the elderly
Social Security Act
What refutes the Social Security Act?
People living longer
What was created by the Social Security Act (SSA)
Aid to Dependent Children
What did the Aid to Dependent Children provide
financial assistance to children whose families had low or no income
What did the Works Project Administration do
employ millions of jobseekers, mostly non educated men, to carry out public works project
Was the WPA a part of the first or second new deal
second new deal
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?
created right to a minimum wage, time and a half overtime pay when people work over 40 hours a week, prohibited employment of minors
What did the Indian Reorganization Act really do
Assimilated Native Americans in western forms of government
What did the Indian reorganization act TRY to do?
give self-governance to Native Americans
What did the Indian Reorganization Act restore?
the management of Indian’s assets to them
What act created some national parks
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
T/F: The TVA still does a lot today
False
What was the initial purpose of the Tennessee Vallery Authority
provide navigation, flood control, electricity, fertilizer manufacturing, regional planning, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley
What did the TVA primarily evolve into?
electric utility
What did the Federal Writers Project do
authors and photographers were paid by the government to write or photograph
What is the argument at the basis of the Federal Writer’s Project
People would not continue the craft if not paid to do so
What are 3 impacts of the new deal
union membership rose, some women were helped, African Americans “fared somewhat okay”
Who was the First Lady with a political agenda of her own
Elanor Roosevelt
Who did Elanor Roosevelt go on to work for
The UN
What does this land is your land convey about African Americans
America was not for everybody
What is a welfare state
a form of government which protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens
Which Louisiana Governor was an advocate for the social system
Huey Long
What party was Huey Long
a populist
How did Huey Long die?
assassination
What national movement did Huey Long establish?
Share Our Wealth Society
What type of tax did Huey Long propose?
a 100 percent on all income over $1 million and on inheritances over $5 million
How kind of power did Huey Long have
almost dictator like
What was imperialism guided by
an emphasis on sea power and dominating international commerce
Where were the first shots of the war of 1989
Philippines
Who was the commander of the pacific fleet fighting for the US in the war of 1898
George Dewey
Who was the governor of the Philippines
Robert Taft
What caused the Philippine War from 1899-1903
Philippine leaders turned on America
Why was Spanish General Weyler called a “Butcher” by American newspapers
he forced cubans into concentration camps
What is the postmodern era’s question, in non question terms
suspicion of reason
What poem did Langston Hughes write that inspired “a raisin in the sun”
“Harlem”
Who signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff into law, despite warnings from more than a thousand economists
Herbert Hoover
What was the mission statement of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Modernizing the agrarian South
What was Huey Long’s famous speech
“Every Man a King”
What did Long’s “Every Man a Speech” call for
limited fortunes and centralized power
What was Huey Long’s nickname
Kingfish
What political party was Huey Long
Democrat, far left
What does the cup game help us understand
end of American innocence
What do trench lines represent
Crossing a line
What did WWI “kill”
progressionalism
What conveys the human spirit against a WWI weapon
gas mask on a horse
What were the hopes of many immigrants moving to America
a tabula rosa
What immigration system does America have that contributes to the American dream
Chain immigration
What was needed for immigrants
to “pull themselves up by their bootstrap”
What existed between 1st and 2nd generation immigrants
a Diaspora
What does the “winking” game help us understand about WWII
signal to join the war
what political stance is facism
super conservative
what political stance is communism
super liberal
What was facism driven by
racism
What fueled German facism?
the “aryan race”
Were communists nationalistic, in theory?
no
Were facists nationalistic?
yes
What did facism challenge?
liberal democracy around the globe
What did Churchill see as a “good war”
the fight to protect democratic existence from facism
Who bore the brunt of death in WW2
Russia
How many Russians died in WW2
20 million
Who fought the most during WW2
Russia
How was the Soviet Union managed
by the economy, to ensure social equality
Who sacrificed the most during WW2
Soviet Union and Russian people
How far did Germany raid in Russia
up to the outskirts of Mostkow
What was the deadliest battle for the Soviet Army, and how many died?
Battle of Kursk, 860,000 casualties
What shocking statistic reveals the large number of death in the 20th century
more people died in the 20th century than in the previous entirety of humanity
What treaty did Hitler violate?
Peace treaty between Germany and Russia, Hitler attacked Russia
When was the nonaggression pact between Germany and Russia signed?
August 1939
What advantage did the Russian German nonaggression pact give Germans?
it prevented a two-front war against British and France in the west, and the Soviets in the east
What natural advantage did English have
the English Channel
When was the Munich conference
1938
Who confronted Adolf Hitler at the Munich conference
Neville Chamberlain
What agreement did Britain and France make at the Munich confrence of 1938
allow Germany to annex Sudetenland in return for his promise to seek no more territory
What did Neville Chamberlain say about the agreement at the Munich Conference of 1938
“peace for our time”
What does the agreement at the Munich Conference prove
appeasement doesn’t work
What effect did the agreement at the Munich Conference have on Germany
Hitler now viewed Britain and France as weak
What is Sudetenland?
German-speaking border area of Czechoslovakia
What day was the official start of WWII
September 1st 1939
What is blitzkreig
a sweeping attack military strategy
What broke the agreement made at the Munich conference?
Hitler launched blitzkrieg in Poland
How long did it take Britain and France to declare war after Germany’s invasion of Poland
2 days
When were Germany’s early attacks, that allowed him to quickly take control
1939 to early 1940
What speech was a part of FDR’s January 1941 State of the Union address
Four freedoms Speech
What foundations did the Four Freedoms speech set
America’s superopwer
What were the four freedoms
speech, religion, freedom from want and fear
What did the four freedoms speech justify
support and tried to persuade congress to increase aid to Britain
How did FDR cast the war in his 4 freedoms speech
as a defense of democratic societies
What 2 things did FDR link in his four freedoms speech
fate of democracy in western europe with the new welfare state at home
What did FDR pledge to do in his 4 freedoms speech
perserve civil liberties for all
What other speech is FDR’s four freedoms speech similar to
Wilson’s fourteen points speech
T/F: The four points speech appealed beyond america and europe
True, it promised liberation from external domination (anti-colonial)
What was the lend-lease act?
enabled any country whose defense was considered vital to the security of the US, to obtain arms from the US without cahs but with the promise of reimbursement
What countries were primarily effected by the lend lease act
Soviet Union and Britain
What did the lend-lease act reflect in Roosevelt
his desire to assist the British in any way short of war
What did the lend-lease act mark
US’s unofficial entrance of the US into the war
What law allowed us to collect income tax like never before?
Revenue Act of 1942
What type of income tax did America have?
graduated income tax
What did the number of people paying income taxes jump to?
3.9 to 42.6 million
How much of the cost of WWII did income taxes pay for?
Half the cost
How many messages did Navajo Code Talkers send an recieve in the battle of Iwo Jima
800
What was Navajo participation in WWII like?
as radio men, transmittting orders in a code based on their own language
T/F: Navajo code was never broken by any Axis nation
true
What were the 2 fronts in WW1
The Eastern and Western front
What were the 2 military zones in WWII
Pacific and European theater
T/F: Women were permanently employed in war industries?
False
Who published the famous Rosie the Riveter picture?
Saturday Evening Post
What factory jobs did women take up
airplane riveters, ship welders, and drill-press operators
What percent of the workforce was made up by women in 1946
36%
Who took women’s jobs after WWII?
men who returned from war
What did the Double V Campaign call for
victory over Nazism abroad and Jim Crow discreimination at home
Who was a leader of the Double V Campaign
W.E.B. Du Bois
What is the Double V Campaign similar to
Frederick Douglas’ Fourth of July Speech
What led Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802
he wanted to avoid public protest, fearing it would disrupt the nation’s war preparations
Who resulted because of the Executive Order 8802
A. Philip Randolph, head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the largest black labor union in the country, stopping his march on Washington
What did Executive Order 8802 entail?
prohibited the discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race or national orgins
When was the attack on Pearl Harbor
December 7,1941
What was “a day that would live in infamy”
The attack on pearl harbor
What led to the Pearl Harbor attack?
Roosevelt stopping trade with Japan
Why was Pearl Harbor important to Americans?
It was the headquarters of the American Navy’s Pacific Fleet
How Many Americans were killed at Pearl Harbor?
~2,400
What was the American response to Pearl Harbor?
America declared War o Japan and subsequently Germany declared war on America
When was D-Day?
June 6th, 1944
True or False: The Largest Armada ever assembled was at Normandy Beach?
True
Did the Axis powers know about d-day?
No
How did the allied powers keep there landing location a secret?
they set up fake armies and ballon tanks all throughout the British coast to confuse the Germans about their whereabouts
Why was invading Normandy so hard?
There were high cliffs so German soldiers could easily shoot down on Americans
How did D-Day impact WWII overall?
It was the beginning of the end
Who was the American leader in charge of D-Day
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Who fought alongside the Americans at D-Day
British and Canadian Troops
When was the Battle of the Bulge?
Christmas Day, 1944
What was the signifigance of the Battle of the Bulge?
It was Germany’s last attempt of keeping control in Europe
Where was the Battle of the Bulge
Belgium
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Bulge?
America won in a very close battles and the fighting was some of the fiercest
How did Hitler die?
Suicide
When did Hitler commit suicide?
April 30,1945 as allied forces where approaching Berlin.
Who did the Holocaust impact?
Primarily Jews but it also impacted the disabled, gypsiers, homosexuals, and communists
What was the SS. St Louis?
How ship that many Jeiwsh refugees comes on but FDR turned them away
What happened once the SS St. Louis was turned away?
Many of the Jews went to concentration camps where they died
Who resented Jews in America?
The State Department, Christian Churches, and the public at large
How many died in the Holocaust?
12 million
Who died in the holocaust?
Jewish people, disabled, gypsies, homosexuals, communists
What forced jews into internment camps
Hitler’s “final solution”
How did Americans learn of the holocaust
photos which horrified them
How many Jews made it to America, and how many jews were relocated by America
21,000 and 200,000
Who supported Tojo in creating a “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” under Japanese control
Hirohito
What role did Hirohito have?
The Japanese Emperor
Who was the war minister in 1940 of Japan, and rose to the role of prime minister
Hideki Tojo
What horrible sexual crime did Tojo lead?
comfort women
What military alliances did Tojo start?
the ones with Italy and Germany
What invasion did Tojo lead that caused the US to stop all trade with Japan
Invasion of Indochina
What attack on American soil did Tojo plan?
Pearl Harbor
What was the nickname of Mussolini
“Il Duce” (The Leader)
Why did Mussolini condemn the treaty of Versailles
it denied Italy’s colonial claims in Africa and the middle East
Where did Mussolini invade
Ethiopia
What did the League of Nations do about the Ethiopian invasion?
Nothing
What alliance did Mussolini form with Hitler
the Rome-Berlin Axis
Who was the prime minister after Neville Chamberlin?
Winston Churchill
What politician did Winston Churchill most agree with?
FDR
What joint press release did Churchill make with FDR
Atlantic Charter
Who did Winston Churchill meet with at the Yalta Conference
Roosevelt and Stalin
What did Churchill say fell over the Eastern Bloc
Iron Curtain
What was Churchill’s famous speech in Dunkirk
Darkest Hour
What is a famous quote of the darkest hour speech
“We will fight on the beaches”
What was the nickname of German officer Erwin Rommel
Desert Fox
What campaign did Rommel lead
the North African campaign
Where did Rommel defend the German territory
He commanded German defenses against the Allied invasion of northern France
How did Erwin Rommel die?
He committed suicide after being implicated in a plot to kill Adolf Hitler, it was a forced suicide
Who was a famous general who didn’t like the rules
George Patton
What military tactic did Patton adopt from Germans
Blitzkrieg
What was George Patton the first of?
general to get into germany
What was the first city liberated in Germany?
WW2
What specific military committee did George Patton lead?
US Army Tank Corps
What two armies did George Patton lead?
The 7th army in its invasion of Sicily, and the 3rd army in its sweep across northern France
What key role did George Patton play in late WWII?
In the counterattack of the battle of the bulge, led them to the Rhine River and rescued Bastogne
Who did George Patton face off against in North Africa
Erwin rommel
What was George Patton’s nickname?
“Old Blood and Guts”
Who was the 34th president of the United States
Dwight Eisenhower
What famous attack did Eisenhower plan and supervise
D-day
What other invasions did Dwight Eisenhower supervise
Allied invasion of North Africa and Normandy
What was Dwight Eisenhower’s nickname
“Ike”
Who was in charge of Japan after WWII
Douglas MacArthur
Why was Douglas MacArthur removed from the Korean War
he wanted to go into North Korea
What do many historians credit Douglas MacArthur as
The Last Great 19th century General
What was Douglas MacArthur famous for saying
“Old soldiers never die, they just never fade away”
What was Douglas MacArthur to Roosevelt
his military advisor to the Philippines
What forces did Douglas MacArthur command?
all of U.S. Army Forces in the Pacific
What did Douglas MacArthur say after retreating from the Philippines, and was it true
“I shall return” yes
What strategy did Douglas MacArthur use against Japan
Island Hopping
What general believed in reconciliation and diplomacy
George Marshall
What general did George Marshall greatly differ from, opposite sides of the spectrum
Douglas MacArthur
What role did George Marshall have under FDR
Army chief of staff
what was the Marshall plan
an economic package to rescue Europe, preventing another Treaty of Versailles
Was George Marshall for or against the atomic bomb
For
Who primarily developed the A-bomb
Oppenheimer
Is a nuke and an A-bomb the same thing
no
What was Oppenheimer the top of?
The Nation’s top physicist
What did Oppenheimer say after the first a-bomb test
“I am become Death, the destroyer of Worlds”
What project did Oppenheimer work on
Manhattan Project
What battle was a turning point in the Pacific theater
Battle of Midway
What was the new technology introduced in the Battle of Midway
Aircraft carriers
Who won the battle of midway?
US
What was the downfall of island hopping
very slow and costly, one island to the next to the next
What weapon did Island hopping lead to
the a-bomb
What made Island Hopping a tedious process
Japanese were ingrained in these places and there were forts on every island
What is Asian century
the belief that Asian politics and culture will dominate
What parallel is drawn from the Asian century
the British century
What famous photo was taken in the battle of Iwo Jima
A flag raised by marines
What horrific claim to fame does the battle of Iwo Jima have?
one of the most fiercest and bloodiest battles of the pacific war
What troops importance was shown as a result of the battle of Iwo Jima
marines
How long did the battle of Iwo Jima last
almost a month
What did the length of the battle of Iwo Jima show?
Japanese determination
What resulted after the battle of Iwo Jima
and airbase was on the island which was useful for US bombers
What was comfort women
the rape of primarily Korean women, who were forced to have sex with Japanese soldiers
What was the Bataan death march
soldiers who surrendered were forced to march, killing many
What American atrocity is similar to the Bataan Death March
Trail of Tears
What were Kamikaze
Japanese suicide pilots
What project, led by FDR, led to the creation of the Atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
Who encouraged FDR to start the Manhattan Project
Physicists Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein, refugees from Nazi Germany
where was the first controlled atomic chain reaction using highly processed uranium
University of Chicago
How much did the Manhattan project cost?
$2 billion
How many people did the Manhattan Project employ
120,000
To Whom were the Manhattan project hidden from?
Congress, the American People, and even the Vice president
What 2 people directed the Manhattan Project?
Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves Jr and scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer
Where was the first bomb successfully tested
Los Alamos, New Mexico on July 16. 1945
When did the golden age of movies end
WWII
What did movies reinforce?
connections between the home front and the front lines
What funneled out of Hollywood
propoganda in favor of WWII
What did victory gardens allow US citizens to do
be a part of the war effort
How many victory gardens were made
20 million
What percent of the nation’s vegetables did victory gardens produce
40%
What did more cities create
more leisure time
What after-work activities did Americans participate in in cities?
Music, clubs, partying
What is a very good example of how fashion can be used as a tool for political messages
the zoot suit riot
who primarily wore zoot suits
La Mexican teenagers
What Supreme Court case freed Japanese form camps, but only out of “military necessity”
Korematsu v. United States
Why did Britain and France lose a lot of their global power after WWII?
lost their colonies
Who was the Yalta conference between
Britain, US, and Germany
What territory did the Soviet Union take after the Yalta Confrence
All of eastern europe
What bill allowed veterans to go to college for basically free?
GI Bill
What did the GI Bill lead to
a huge increase in middle class
What did the end of American innocence discuss
a change in America long before the war, but the change was magnified by entering the war
What political beliefs did the end of American innocence reflect
rejecting progressivism, social reforms, and moral idealism
What does the author of the end of American innocence argue
that America was too optimistic
Who wrote I Have a Rendezvous with Death
A young American soldier fighting with the french
What is the author of I have a rendezvous with death confronting
morality and death
How is the author of I have a rendezvous with death facing his demise
with a soldierly sense of duty
What did William Brown detail
a very detailed description of trench warfare
Who was Rosa Cavalleri
a young Italian woman immigration through castle garden in 1884
What did Rosa Cavelleri reveal about immigrants
they thought they’d get rich and smart
Is Rosa Cavelleri’s story realism or romanticized
romanticized
What does the Migrant mother photo entail
fear of the future, loss of purpose, questioning who you are
What is FDR referring to here in his first inaugural address “We now may restore that temple to the ancient truth”
city on a hill
What does FDR argue in his first inaugural address reveal about what he thinks about his new deal plans
it will provide a clean slate, tabula rosa
What does this land is your land argue
that many could not in fact reach the “land made for you and me”
What does the crisis in the history of women reveal
advancement of technology parallels advancement in modern women’s rights
What does the flood represent in “everything”
dominant cultural fource
What did Hiroshima document
journals of survivors, very realistic
