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Summer US History > Unit 4 Test > Flashcards

Unit 4 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was president after lincoln

A

Andrew Johnson

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2
Q

What party was Andrew Johnson

A

A Unionist Democrat

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3
Q

What did Johnson refuse to sign

A

The 14th amendment

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4
Q

Who was the “common man”

A

Andrew Johnson

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5
Q

What mixed signals did Johnson give?

A

Said he was against southern planters, but allied with ex-confederate leaders and pardoned them

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6
Q

Who is this in reference to: “You have become a benefactor of the Southern people”

A

Andrew Johnson

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7
Q

What did congress do in December 1865

A

Blocked Johnson’s program

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8
Q

How many impeachments were brought against Johnson?

A

11

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9
Q

How many votes short was Johnson from being convicted

A

1

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10
Q

What were the name for laws that forced former slaves back to plantation labor

A

Black codes

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11
Q

What did the black codes reflect in plantation owners’

A

Their economic intrests

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12
Q

How did the black codes work?

A

Imposed severe penalties on blacks who did not hold full year labor contacts

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13
Q

What did the black codes do to black children?

A

Procedurized the taking of black children from their parents and apprenticing them to their former slave masters

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14
Q

Why was the freedmen’s bureau created?

A

to combat racial violence in the South

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15
Q

What did the Freedmen’s bureau do?

A

give aid to displace blacks and other war refugees

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16
Q

To what did the issue of resettlement of black fall to?

A

The freedmen’s bureau

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17
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?

A

declared formerly enslaved people as citizens with equal protection and rights of contract, and full access to the courts.

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18
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do?

A

Gave full and equal access to hurt service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race

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19
Q

What effect did Johnson’s impeachment have?

A

His power was discredited

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20
Q

What did the 15 amendments do?

A

Protect a citizen’s right to vote

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21
Q

What writing foes this quote refer to “The colored people of these Southern states have cast their lot with the government”

A

The 15th amendment

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22
Q

What organization did Susan B. Anthony lead?

A

The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA).

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23
Q

What did the NWSA exclusively fight for?

A

For women’s right and a federal suffrage amendment

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24
Q

What was the First state to give women the right to vote?

A

Wyoming

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25
Q

What did many believe would happen to homes in Wyoming?

A

appear to neglect their homes and abandon their homes

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26
Q

Where did many hope to secure voting rights for women and African American men at the same time

A

Seneca Falls Convention of 1848

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27
Q

Who founded the NWSA with Susan Anthony?

A

Elizabeth Stanton

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28
Q

Who lashed out that educated white women were banned from the polls?

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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29
Q

Who declared their support for “free love”

A

Victoria Woodhull

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30
Q

Who was the nations first female stock broker

A

Victoria Woodhull

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31
Q

Who triggered the Beecher-Tilton scandal

A

Woodhull

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32
Q

T/F: Woodhull was widely apretiated by many feminist groups?

A

False

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33
Q

Which system detailed where freedmen worked as renters, exchanging theyr labor for the use of land, house, implements and sometimes seed fertilizer

A

sharecropping

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34
Q

T/F: Sharecropping was an effective strategy

A

True

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35
Q

Why did sharecropping rise?

A

Cotton

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36
Q

T/F: Sharecropping only existed in America?

A

False

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37
Q

T/F: Sharecropping was a very bad choice for freedmen?

A

False

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38
Q

What did sharecropping prove about Southern economy?

A

South’s dependence on cotton

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39
Q

What economic state where most sharecroppers starting and ending in?

A

Debt

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40
Q

What movement funded schools

A

Freedmen’s aid movement

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41
Q

Who were the most eager to attend school?

A

African Americans

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42
Q

what was the system where companies could hire out prisoners?

A

Convict leasing

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43
Q

What system of labor was used for convict leasing

A

Gang labor

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44
Q

Where renting convicts cheap?

A

Yes

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45
Q

T/F: Republicans were against convict leasing

A

False

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46
Q

What were ministers in black churches also?

A

Political Spokesmen

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47
Q

What, other than religion, did black churches serve as

A

schools, social centers, and meeting halls

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48
Q

What caused the depression of 1873

A

US and Germany going off of the silver based economies

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49
Q

What federal committee lost its support due to the depression of 1873

A

The freedman’s bureau

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50
Q

What reconstruction bank failed due to the depression of 1873

A

The freedmen’s savings and trust company

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51
Q

Who was the founder of the KKK?

A

Nathan Forest

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52
Q

Who were the first victims of the KKK?

A

Republican representatives in Tennessee

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53
Q

Who was the Liberal Republican candidate in the 1872 election?

A

Horace Greely

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54
Q

What was interesting about Greeley’s nomination

A

He was nominated by two parties, the liberal republicans and the democrats

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55
Q

Why did Grant lose support in his second term?

A

Surrounded by scandals

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56
Q

What was the Credit Mobilier scandal?

A

a sham corporation set up by the shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad, to secure government grants at an enormous profit

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57
Q

In what case did the supreme court first undercut the power of the 14th amendment?

A

Slaughter House Cases

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58
Q

Who did the Supreme Court leave the voting rights of African Americans to?

A

The states

59
Q

Who was the republican nominee in the election of 1876

A

Rutherford B. Hayes

60
Q

Who was the democratic nominee in the 1876 election?

A

Samuel J. Tilden

61
Q

Who decided the results of the 1876 election

A

Electoral commission

62
Q

How many sets of votes from different states where there

A

2

63
Q

What was Hayes’ deal with the electoral commission

A

He would stop southern reconstruction efforts if he was elected president

64
Q

What marked the official end of reconstruction and when was it?

A

Hayes ordered union soldiers to leave the south/1877

65
Q

What “revolution” created the internal structure adopted by many large and complex corporations

A

management revolution

66
Q

Who were the “middle class bureaucrats”

A

Managers

67
Q

What process sought to reduce costs through a program of industrial efficiency

A

Scientific Management

68
Q

T/F: Scientific Management was a great success

A

False

69
Q

Who invented scientific management?

A

Frederick W. Taylor

70
Q

What system hired professionals to develop plans for floor workers to maximize efficiency

A

Scientific management

71
Q

What city was the capital of oil production

A

Cleveland

72
Q

What technique would lower prices to drive out competition, then raise those prices

A

Predatory prices

73
Q

Who pioneered predatory pricing?

A

Gustavus Swift

74
Q

What did predatory pricing do to large corporations?

A

give few firms unprecedented market control

75
Q

Who pioneered vertical intergration?

A

Gustavus Swift

76
Q

what model allowed for a company to control all aspects of production

A

vertical integration

77
Q

Who pioneered horizontal integration?

A

Rockefeller

78
Q

What process detailed the merging of companies to conglomerates

A

Horizontal Integration

79
Q

Who created the trust?

A

Rockefellers lawyers

80
Q

What was a trust?

A

A group of associates to hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them from a combined entity

81
Q

What caused the denouncement of trusts

A

Distressed people fearing monopolies

82
Q

Who wrote the gospel of wealth

A

Andrew Carnegie

83
Q

What business was Carnegie in?

A

Steel

84
Q

Who “exemplified American success”

A

Andrew Carnegie

85
Q

What did Carnegie invest in

A

Schools and librarys

86
Q

T/F: Carnegie believed in charity

A

False

87
Q

What did carnegie deem to expensive?

A

collective bargaining

88
Q

What industry was swift in?

A

Meat packing

89
Q

What factory method did Swift invent?

A

The assembly line

90
Q

What 3 things did swift pioneer?

A

Assembly line, vertical integration, predatory pricing

91
Q

What industry was Rockefeller in?

A

Oil

92
Q

What strategy of Swift’s did Rockefeller adopt?

A

Vertical Integration

93
Q

Who did Rockefeller ally with?

A

Railroad executives

94
Q

Who created the first billion dollar company?

A

JP Morgan

95
Q

What was the first billion dollar company?

A

US Steel

96
Q

Who pioneered the department store

A

John Wanamaker

97
Q

Who invented scientific management

A

Frederick W. Taylor

98
Q

What did Taylor think would appeal worker’s to scientific management

A

Lure of higher earnings

99
Q

Who built mail-order companies

A

Sears

100
Q

Where was mail-order companies most popular

A

West Coast

101
Q

Who, nicknamed “the commodore: was an American businessman who built his wealth in railroads and shipping

A

Cornelius Vanderbilt

102
Q

Who was a midwestern meatpacking entrepreneur

A

Philip D. Armour

103
Q

Who invented the telephone

A

Graham Bell

104
Q

Who invented the car assembly line

A

Henry Ford

105
Q

What did Henry Ford reinvent

A

mass production

106
Q

What famous inventor worked in an independent laboratory rather than working for a corporation

A

Thomas Edison

107
Q

Who manufactured rail cars out of Chicago

A

Pullman

108
Q

Who led the AFL

A

Samuel Gompers

109
Q

How long did Gompers lead the AFL

A

40 years

110
Q

Who was a free silver advocate

A

William Jennings Bruan

111
Q

What is social darwinism

A

Survial of the fittest

112
Q

Who supported social darwinism?

A

Carnegie

113
Q

Would Darwinism support social darwinism?

A

No, his theory was evolutionary, not social

114
Q

What was fear of the Sears catalog

A

Quality

115
Q

Which companies primarily resisted need for regulation

A

railroad and mining

116
Q

How many immigrants came to the US during reconstruction

A

2 million

117
Q

What jobs did many immigrants take?

A

wage working

118
Q

What law bared Chinese laborers for entering the US

A

Chinese Exclusion act

119
Q

When was the Chinese Exclusion Act repealed?

A

1943, when Chinese soldiers were fighting together against Japan in WWII

120
Q

How many police officers died in the Haymarket Riot?

A

7

121
Q

Who lost support after the Haymarket Riot?

A

Knights of Labor

122
Q

What two groups rose after the fall of the Knights of Labor after the Haymarket Riot

A

Farmer’s Alliance and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

123
Q

What strike brought rail travel and commerce to a halt.

A

Railroad Strike of 1873

124
Q

What 2 things were protested in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

A

Growing power of railroad corporations and steep wage cuts

125
Q

What were grange halls used for

A

Recreation and conversation

126
Q

What platforms did Grange halls advocate for

A

Anticorporate

127
Q

What did grange halls set up their own of?

A

Banks and insurance companies

128
Q

What group advocated for personal responsibility and self discipline

A

Knight s of labor

129
Q

Who led the knights of labor?

A

Terence Powderly

130
Q

What strike grew the Knight’s ,e,bership

A

Strike at Southwest Railroad

131
Q

Where was the farmer’s alliance most popular

A

The South

132
Q

When and where was the Farmer’s Alliance created

A

Texas and during the 1870s depression

133
Q

What did the farmer’s alliance call for

A

Government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads?

134
Q

Who led the American Federation of Labor

A

Samuel Gompers

135
Q

What did trade unionists create?

A

The AFL

136
Q

What was the aim of the AFL

A

direct collective bargaining with employers

137
Q

T/F: The AFL was not more welcoming to blacks and women in comparison to the Knights of Labor

A

True

138
Q

What president passed the Hatch Act?

A

Grover Cleveland

139
Q

What did the hatch act allow its governments to do

A

Regulate Railroads

140
Q

What did the Hatch Act Create?

A

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

141
Q

What was the duty of the ICC

A

investigating interstate shipping, forcing railroads to make their rates public, and suing in court when necessary

142
Q

Who are muckbreakers

A

Journalists who expose corruption

143
Q

what are antitrust laws

A

Encourage competition by limiting market power of any particular firm

144
Q

What did antitrust laws do to U.S. Steel

A

Force it to break down into smaller companies

Summer US History (13 decks)

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