Unit 4 Test Flashcards
1
Q
Who was president after lincoln
A
Andrew Johnson
2
Q
What party was Andrew Johnson
A
A Unionist Democrat
3
Q
What did Johnson refuse to sign
A
The 14th amendment
4
Q
Who was the “common man”
A
Andrew Johnson
5
Q
What mixed signals did Johnson give?
A
Said he was against southern planters, but allied with ex-confederate leaders and pardoned them
6
Q
Who is this in reference to: “You have become a benefactor of the Southern people”
A
Andrew Johnson
7
Q
What did congress do in December 1865
A
Blocked Johnson’s program
8
Q
How many impeachments were brought against Johnson?
A
11
9
Q
How many votes short was Johnson from being convicted
A
1
10
Q
What were the name for laws that forced former slaves back to plantation labor
A
Black codes
11
Q
What did the black codes reflect in plantation owners’
A
Their economic intrests
12
Q
How did the black codes work?
A
Imposed severe penalties on blacks who did not hold full year labor contacts
13
Q
What did the black codes do to black children?
A
Procedurized the taking of black children from their parents and apprenticing them to their former slave masters
14
Q
Why was the freedmen’s bureau created?
A
to combat racial violence in the South
15
Q
What did the Freedmen’s bureau do?
A
give aid to displace blacks and other war refugees
16
Q
To what did the issue of resettlement of black fall to?
A
The freedmen’s bureau
17
Q
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?
A
declared formerly enslaved people as citizens with equal protection and rights of contract, and full access to the courts.
18
Q
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do?
A
Gave full and equal access to hurt service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race
19
Q
What effect did Johnson’s impeachment have?
A
His power was discredited
20
Q
What did the 15 amendments do?
A
Protect a citizen’s right to vote
21
Q
What writing foes this quote refer to “The colored people of these Southern states have cast their lot with the government”
A
The 15th amendment
22
Q
What organization did Susan B. Anthony lead?
A
The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA).
23
Q
What did the NWSA exclusively fight for?
A
For women’s right and a federal suffrage amendment
24
Q
What was the First state to give women the right to vote?
A
Wyoming
25
What did many believe would happen to homes in Wyoming?
appear to neglect their homes and abandon their homes
26
Where did many hope to secure voting rights for women and African American men at the same time
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
27
Who founded the NWSA with Susan Anthony?
Elizabeth Stanton
28
Who lashed out that educated white women were banned from the polls?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
29
Who declared their support for "free love"
Victoria Woodhull
30
Who was the nations first female stock broker
Victoria Woodhull
31
Who triggered the Beecher-Tilton scandal
Woodhull
32
T/F: Woodhull was widely apretiated by many feminist groups?
False
33
Which system detailed where freedmen worked as renters, exchanging theyr labor for the use of land, house, implements and sometimes seed fertilizer
sharecropping
34
T/F: Sharecropping was an effective strategy
True
35
Why did sharecropping rise?
Cotton
36
T/F: Sharecropping only existed in America?
False
37
T/F: Sharecropping was a very bad choice for freedmen?
False
38
What did sharecropping prove about Southern economy?
South's dependence on cotton
39
What economic state where most sharecroppers starting and ending in?
Debt
40
What movement funded schools
Freedmen's aid movement
41
Who were the most eager to attend school?
African Americans
42
what was the system where companies could hire out prisoners?
Convict leasing
43
What system of labor was used for convict leasing
Gang labor
44
Where renting convicts cheap?
Yes
45
T/F: Republicans were against convict leasing
False
46
What were ministers in black churches also?
Political Spokesmen
47
What, other than religion, did black churches serve as
schools, social centers, and meeting halls
48
What caused the depression of 1873
US and Germany going off of the silver based economies
49
What federal committee lost its support due to the depression of 1873
The freedman's bureau
50
What reconstruction bank failed due to the depression of 1873
The freedmen's savings and trust company
51
Who was the founder of the KKK?
Nathan Forest
52
Who were the first victims of the KKK?
Republican representatives in Tennessee
53
Who was the Liberal Republican candidate in the 1872 election?
Horace Greely
54
What was interesting about Greeley's nomination
He was nominated by two parties, the liberal republicans and the democrats
55
Why did Grant lose support in his second term?
Surrounded by scandals
56
What was the Credit Mobilier scandal?
a sham corporation set up by the shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad, to secure government grants at an enormous profit
57
In what case did the supreme court first undercut the power of the 14th amendment?
Slaughter House Cases
58
Who did the Supreme Court leave the voting rights of African Americans to?
The states
59
Who was the republican nominee in the election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes
60
Who was the democratic nominee in the 1876 election?
Samuel J. Tilden
61
Who decided the results of the 1876 election
Electoral commission
62
How many sets of votes from different states where there
2
63
What was Hayes' deal with the electoral commission
He would stop southern reconstruction efforts if he was elected president
64
What marked the official end of reconstruction and when was it?
Hayes ordered union soldiers to leave the south/1877
65
What "revolution" created the internal structure adopted by many large and complex corporations
management revolution
66
Who were the "middle class bureaucrats"
Managers
67
What process sought to reduce costs through a program of industrial efficiency
Scientific Management
68
T/F: Scientific Management was a great success
False
69
Who invented scientific management?
Frederick W. Taylor
70
What system hired professionals to develop plans for floor workers to maximize efficiency
Scientific management
71
What city was the capital of oil production
Cleveland
72
What technique would lower prices to drive out competition, then raise those prices
Predatory prices
73
Who pioneered predatory pricing?
Gustavus Swift
74
What did predatory pricing do to large corporations?
give few firms unprecedented market control
75
Who pioneered vertical intergration?
Gustavus Swift
76
what model allowed for a company to control all aspects of production
vertical integration
77
Who pioneered horizontal integration?
Rockefeller
78
What process detailed the merging of companies to conglomerates
Horizontal Integration
79
Who created the trust?
Rockefellers lawyers
80
What was a trust?
A group of associates to hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them from a combined entity
81
What caused the denouncement of trusts
Distressed people fearing monopolies
82
Who wrote the gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie
83
What business was Carnegie in?
Steel
84
Who "exemplified American success"
Andrew Carnegie
85
What did Carnegie invest in
Schools and librarys
86
T/F: Carnegie believed in charity
False
87
What did carnegie deem to expensive?
collective bargaining
88
What industry was swift in?
Meat packing
89
What factory method did Swift invent?
The assembly line
90
What 3 things did swift pioneer?
Assembly line, vertical integration, predatory pricing
91
What industry was Rockefeller in?
Oil
92
What strategy of Swift's did Rockefeller adopt?
Vertical Integration
93
Who did Rockefeller ally with?
Railroad executives
94
Who created the first billion dollar company?
JP Morgan
95
What was the first billion dollar company?
US Steel
96
Who pioneered the department store
John Wanamaker
97
Who invented scientific management
Frederick W. Taylor
98
What did Taylor think would appeal worker's to scientific management
Lure of higher earnings
99
Who built mail-order companies
Sears
100
Where was mail-order companies most popular
West Coast
101
Who, nicknamed "the commodore: was an American businessman who built his wealth in railroads and shipping
Cornelius Vanderbilt
102
Who was a midwestern meatpacking entrepreneur
Philip D. Armour
103
Who invented the telephone
Graham Bell
104
Who invented the car assembly line
Henry Ford
105
What did Henry Ford reinvent
mass production
106
What famous inventor worked in an independent laboratory rather than working for a corporation
Thomas Edison
107
Who manufactured rail cars out of Chicago
Pullman
108
Who led the AFL
Samuel Gompers
109
How long did Gompers lead the AFL
40 years
110
Who was a free silver advocate
William Jennings Bruan
111
What is social darwinism
Survial of the fittest
112
Who supported social darwinism?
Carnegie
113
Would Darwinism support social darwinism?
No, his theory was evolutionary, not social
114
What was fear of the Sears catalog
Quality
115
Which companies primarily resisted need for regulation
railroad and mining
116
How many immigrants came to the US during reconstruction
2 million
117
What jobs did many immigrants take?
wage working
118
What law bared Chinese laborers for entering the US
Chinese Exclusion act
119
When was the Chinese Exclusion Act repealed?
1943, when Chinese soldiers were fighting together against Japan in WWII
120
How many police officers died in the Haymarket Riot?
7
121
Who lost support after the Haymarket Riot?
Knights of Labor
122
What two groups rose after the fall of the Knights of Labor after the Haymarket Riot
Farmer's Alliance and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
123
What strike brought rail travel and commerce to a halt.
Railroad Strike of 1873
124
What 2 things were protested in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
Growing power of railroad corporations and steep wage cuts
125
What were grange halls used for
Recreation and conversation
126
What platforms did Grange halls advocate for
Anticorporate
127
What did grange halls set up their own of?
Banks and insurance companies
128
What group advocated for personal responsibility and self discipline
Knight s of labor
129
Who led the knights of labor?
Terence Powderly
130
What strike grew the Knight's ,e,bership
Strike at Southwest Railroad
131
Where was the farmer's alliance most popular
The South
132
When and where was the Farmer's Alliance created
Texas and during the 1870s depression
133
What did the farmer's alliance call for
Government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads?
134
Who led the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
135
What did trade unionists create?
The AFL
136
What was the aim of the AFL
direct collective bargaining with employers
137
T/F: The AFL was not more welcoming to blacks and women in comparison to the Knights of Labor
True
138
What president passed the Hatch Act?
Grover Cleveland
139
What did the hatch act allow its governments to do
Regulate Railroads
140
What did the Hatch Act Create?
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
141
What was the duty of the ICC
investigating interstate shipping, forcing railroads to make their rates public, and suing in court when necessary
142
Who are muckbreakers
Journalists who expose corruption
143
what are antitrust laws
Encourage competition by limiting market power of any particular firm
144
What did antitrust laws do to U.S. Steel
Force it to break down into smaller companies
