Unit 4 Test Flashcards
Who was president after lincoln
Andrew Johnson
What party was Andrew Johnson
A Unionist Democrat
What did Johnson refuse to sign
The 14th amendment
Who was the “common man”
Andrew Johnson
What mixed signals did Johnson give?
Said he was against southern planters, but allied with ex-confederate leaders and pardoned them
Who is this in reference to: “You have become a benefactor of the Southern people”
Andrew Johnson
What did congress do in December 1865
Blocked Johnson’s program
How many impeachments were brought against Johnson?
11
How many votes short was Johnson from being convicted
1
What were the name for laws that forced former slaves back to plantation labor
Black codes
What did the black codes reflect in plantation owners’
Their economic intrests
How did the black codes work?
Imposed severe penalties on blacks who did not hold full year labor contacts
What did the black codes do to black children?
Procedurized the taking of black children from their parents and apprenticing them to their former slave masters
Why was the freedmen’s bureau created?
to combat racial violence in the South
What did the Freedmen’s bureau do?
give aid to displace blacks and other war refugees
To what did the issue of resettlement of black fall to?
The freedmen’s bureau
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?
declared formerly enslaved people as citizens with equal protection and rights of contract, and full access to the courts.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do?
Gave full and equal access to hurt service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race
What effect did Johnson’s impeachment have?
His power was discredited
What did the 15 amendments do?
Protect a citizen’s right to vote
What writing foes this quote refer to “The colored people of these Southern states have cast their lot with the government”
The 15th amendment
What organization did Susan B. Anthony lead?
The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA).
What did the NWSA exclusively fight for?
For women’s right and a federal suffrage amendment
What was the First state to give women the right to vote?
Wyoming
What did many believe would happen to homes in Wyoming?
appear to neglect their homes and abandon their homes
Where did many hope to secure voting rights for women and African American men at the same time
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
Who founded the NWSA with Susan Anthony?
Elizabeth Stanton
Who lashed out that educated white women were banned from the polls?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who declared their support for “free love”
Victoria Woodhull
Who was the nations first female stock broker
Victoria Woodhull
Who triggered the Beecher-Tilton scandal
Woodhull
T/F: Woodhull was widely apretiated by many feminist groups?
False
Which system detailed where freedmen worked as renters, exchanging theyr labor for the use of land, house, implements and sometimes seed fertilizer
sharecropping
T/F: Sharecropping was an effective strategy
True
Why did sharecropping rise?
Cotton
T/F: Sharecropping only existed in America?
False
T/F: Sharecropping was a very bad choice for freedmen?
False
What did sharecropping prove about Southern economy?
South’s dependence on cotton
What economic state where most sharecroppers starting and ending in?
Debt
What movement funded schools
Freedmen’s aid movement
Who were the most eager to attend school?
African Americans
what was the system where companies could hire out prisoners?
Convict leasing
What system of labor was used for convict leasing
Gang labor
Where renting convicts cheap?
Yes
T/F: Republicans were against convict leasing
False
What were ministers in black churches also?
Political Spokesmen
What, other than religion, did black churches serve as
schools, social centers, and meeting halls
What caused the depression of 1873
US and Germany going off of the silver based economies
What federal committee lost its support due to the depression of 1873
The freedman’s bureau
What reconstruction bank failed due to the depression of 1873
The freedmen’s savings and trust company
Who was the founder of the KKK?
Nathan Forest
Who were the first victims of the KKK?
Republican representatives in Tennessee
Who was the Liberal Republican candidate in the 1872 election?
Horace Greely
What was interesting about Greeley’s nomination
He was nominated by two parties, the liberal republicans and the democrats
Why did Grant lose support in his second term?
Surrounded by scandals
What was the Credit Mobilier scandal?
a sham corporation set up by the shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad, to secure government grants at an enormous profit
In what case did the supreme court first undercut the power of the 14th amendment?
Slaughter House Cases
Who did the Supreme Court leave the voting rights of African Americans to?
The states
Who was the republican nominee in the election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes
Who was the democratic nominee in the 1876 election?
Samuel J. Tilden
Who decided the results of the 1876 election
Electoral commission
How many sets of votes from different states where there
2
What was Hayes’ deal with the electoral commission
He would stop southern reconstruction efforts if he was elected president
What marked the official end of reconstruction and when was it?
Hayes ordered union soldiers to leave the south/1877
What “revolution” created the internal structure adopted by many large and complex corporations
management revolution
Who were the “middle class bureaucrats”
Managers
What process sought to reduce costs through a program of industrial efficiency
Scientific Management
T/F: Scientific Management was a great success
False
Who invented scientific management?
Frederick W. Taylor
What system hired professionals to develop plans for floor workers to maximize efficiency
Scientific management
What city was the capital of oil production
Cleveland
What technique would lower prices to drive out competition, then raise those prices
Predatory prices
Who pioneered predatory pricing?
Gustavus Swift
What did predatory pricing do to large corporations?
give few firms unprecedented market control
Who pioneered vertical intergration?
Gustavus Swift
what model allowed for a company to control all aspects of production
vertical integration
Who pioneered horizontal integration?
Rockefeller
What process detailed the merging of companies to conglomerates
Horizontal Integration
Who created the trust?
Rockefellers lawyers
What was a trust?
A group of associates to hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them from a combined entity
What caused the denouncement of trusts
Distressed people fearing monopolies
Who wrote the gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie
What business was Carnegie in?
Steel
Who “exemplified American success”
Andrew Carnegie
What did Carnegie invest in
Schools and librarys
T/F: Carnegie believed in charity
False
What did carnegie deem to expensive?
collective bargaining
What industry was swift in?
Meat packing
What factory method did Swift invent?
The assembly line
What 3 things did swift pioneer?
Assembly line, vertical integration, predatory pricing
What industry was Rockefeller in?
Oil
What strategy of Swift’s did Rockefeller adopt?
Vertical Integration
Who did Rockefeller ally with?
Railroad executives
Who created the first billion dollar company?
JP Morgan
What was the first billion dollar company?
US Steel
Who pioneered the department store
John Wanamaker
Who invented scientific management
Frederick W. Taylor
What did Taylor think would appeal worker’s to scientific management
Lure of higher earnings
Who built mail-order companies
Sears
Where was mail-order companies most popular
West Coast
Who, nicknamed “the commodore: was an American businessman who built his wealth in railroads and shipping
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Who was a midwestern meatpacking entrepreneur
Philip D. Armour
Who invented the telephone
Graham Bell
Who invented the car assembly line
Henry Ford
What did Henry Ford reinvent
mass production
What famous inventor worked in an independent laboratory rather than working for a corporation
Thomas Edison
Who manufactured rail cars out of Chicago
Pullman
Who led the AFL
Samuel Gompers
How long did Gompers lead the AFL
40 years
Who was a free silver advocate
William Jennings Bruan
What is social darwinism
Survial of the fittest
Who supported social darwinism?
Carnegie
Would Darwinism support social darwinism?
No, his theory was evolutionary, not social
What was fear of the Sears catalog
Quality
Which companies primarily resisted need for regulation
railroad and mining
How many immigrants came to the US during reconstruction
2 million
What jobs did many immigrants take?
wage working
What law bared Chinese laborers for entering the US
Chinese Exclusion act
When was the Chinese Exclusion Act repealed?
1943, when Chinese soldiers were fighting together against Japan in WWII
How many police officers died in the Haymarket Riot?
7
Who lost support after the Haymarket Riot?
Knights of Labor
What two groups rose after the fall of the Knights of Labor after the Haymarket Riot
Farmer’s Alliance and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
What strike brought rail travel and commerce to a halt.
Railroad Strike of 1873
What 2 things were protested in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
Growing power of railroad corporations and steep wage cuts
What were grange halls used for
Recreation and conversation
What platforms did Grange halls advocate for
Anticorporate
What did grange halls set up their own of?
Banks and insurance companies
What group advocated for personal responsibility and self discipline
Knight s of labor
Who led the knights of labor?
Terence Powderly
What strike grew the Knight’s ,e,bership
Strike at Southwest Railroad
Where was the farmer’s alliance most popular
The South
When and where was the Farmer’s Alliance created
Texas and during the 1870s depression
What did the farmer’s alliance call for
Government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads?
Who led the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
What did trade unionists create?
The AFL
What was the aim of the AFL
direct collective bargaining with employers
T/F: The AFL was not more welcoming to blacks and women in comparison to the Knights of Labor
True
What president passed the Hatch Act?
Grover Cleveland
What did the hatch act allow its governments to do
Regulate Railroads
What did the Hatch Act Create?
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
What was the duty of the ICC
investigating interstate shipping, forcing railroads to make their rates public, and suing in court when necessary
Who are muckbreakers
Journalists who expose corruption
what are antitrust laws
Encourage competition by limiting market power of any particular firm
What did antitrust laws do to U.S. Steel
Force it to break down into smaller companies
