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Summer US History > Unit 4 Day 2 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Day 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who “exemplified American success”

A

Andrew Carnegie

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2
Q

What industry didi Carnegie make his name in?

A

Steel

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3
Q

What did Carnegie deem to expensive?

A

collective bargaining

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4
Q

How did Carnegies’ union die out?

A

Violence and prosecution

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5
Q

T/F: There were more employees of large corporations than farmers and artisans in Antebellum America

A

True

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6
Q

What prompted millions of migrants to cross continents in search of jobs?

A

Industrialization

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7
Q

Did the industrialization cause inflation or deflation?

A

Inflation

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8
Q

Between 1877 and 1900, American’s average real per capita increased from $388 to what?

A

$573

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9
Q

What is Carnegie referring to in this quote: “the poor enjoy what the rich could no before afford. What were the luxuries have become the necessaries of life.”

A

Despite the increased wealth gap, everyone’s standard of living rose.

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10
Q

What does this quote refer to: “Take care of the pennies, and the pounds will take care of themselves”

A

Tracking revenue and expenses carefully

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11
Q

What cause the internal structure adopted in many large and complex corporations

A

the management revolution

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12
Q

What North American natural resource helped drive industrialism?

A

Coal

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13
Q

What was like a “giant cup of coffee for the economy”

A

Fossil fuels

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14
Q

Who invented the assembly line?

A

Gustavus Swift

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15
Q

What was the model in which a company controlled all aspects of production and who pioneered it?

A

Vertical integration/Gustavus Swift`

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16
Q

What industry was Gustavus Swift in?

A

Meat packing

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17
Q

What technique gave a few firms unprecedented market control

A

predatory pricing

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18
Q

Who was the “king of petroleum”

A

John D. Rockefeller

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19
Q

Who did Rockefeller ally with to control the oil market’s boom and bust cycles

A

railroad executives

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20
Q

What process included merging competitors to your business?

A

Horizontal integration

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21
Q

Who pioneered Horizontal integration?

A

Rockefeller

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22
Q

What new legal form did Rockefeller’s lawyers create?

A

The trust

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23
Q

What was a trust?

A

An organized small group of associates (trustees) to hold stock from a group of combined firms

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24
Q

What 2 things did business tycoons such as Rockefeller, Swift, Carnegie, and Singer depend on

A

Fossil fuels and rapid long-distance communication

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25
Q

What term in popular usage referred to any large corporation that seemed to wield excessive power

A

“the trusts”

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26
Q

What did some states do to trusts

A

Outlaw it

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27
Q

What was the first state that allowed the creation of holding companies

A

New Jersey

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28
Q

By 1900, how many companies help 1/3 of the nations productive capacity

A

100

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29
Q

What was the nations first billion dollar corporation?

A

U.S. Steel

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30
Q

Who created U.S. steel?

A

J.P. Morgan

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31
Q

Which essay of Carnegie’s argued that corporate titans attained their wealth through talent

A

“The Gospel of Wealth”

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32
Q

What did Carnegie argue that wealth was

A

A “public trust”

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33
Q

What belief did Carnegie deem as essential to the success of the new industrial order

A

Social Darwinism or “survival of the fittest”

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34
Q

What do “robber barons” and “industrial statesmen” refer to

A

early industrialists

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35
Q

Which companies were the first to set up research laboratories

A

Bell Telephone and Westinghouse

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36
Q

What 2 things did corporate power depend on

A

Production and mass consumption

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37
Q

Who pioneered the department store

A

John Wanamaker

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38
Q

What does this quote refer to “Life will Cost You Less and Yield You More Than You Dreamed Possible”

A

Department stores

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39
Q

What companies used money-back guarentees

A

mail-order empires

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40
Q

What does this quote refer to “Don’t be afraid to make a mistake”

A

Mail-order companies and fear of quality

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41
Q

What was the first magazine with a million subscribers

A

Ladies Home Journal

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42
Q

What was the name for people in high level positions in corporations

A

White collar workers

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43
Q

What was the name for employees who labored with their hands

A

Blue collar employees

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44
Q

What were departments handling specific activities monitored by

A

Middle managers

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45
Q

What became a “familiar sight on city streets and in remote country stores”

A

Traveling salesmen

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46
Q

“Say to him, ‘Now, Mr. Blank, what color shall I make it?”

A

Salesmen scripts

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47
Q

Who believed that one must sell to customers based on their “instinct of escape and combat” and was taught at Harvard Business School

A

Walter Dill Sott

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48
Q

What dead-end job did employers begin to assign to women

A

secretarial work

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49
Q

What new industry game women many oppurtunities

A

The telephone

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50
Q

What did many wage working jobs turn into, essentially

A

Independent contractors

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51
Q

What does this quote refer to “had not been brought up under such a system of slavery”

A

Dislike for a wage working or 9-5 job

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52
Q

Who were known as “pushers”

A

foremen

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53
Q

What was the cause of workers losing much of the independent charecteristic of craft work

A

Deskilling of labor

54
Q

What does this quote refer to: “cannot be a master of craft, but only a master of fragment”

A

Separation of labor tasks/Deskilling of labor

55
Q

Who invented scientific management?

A

Frederick W. Taylor

56
Q

What was scientific management?

A

Hiring experts to develop rules for the shop floor

57
Q

T/F: Scientific management was a great success?

A

False

58
Q

What were the three economic classes

A

A wealthy elite, a self-defined “middle class”, and a class of struggling workers

59
Q

What caused the America’s higher death rates for dangerous jobs?

A

Lack of regulation

60
Q

What were workers greatest priority, even more than their safety

A

Work

61
Q

What does this quote refer to “don’t blame married omen if the land of the free has become a land of slavery and oppression”

A

Response to critics of women in the workplace

62
Q

Where was child labor more widespread

A

ex-confederacy

63
Q

How many children under the age of 17 worked outside the home

A

1/5

64
Q

Who were at the bottom of the pay scale

A

African Americans

65
Q

How many black men worked in personal service

A

1/3

66
Q

Between the civil war and WWI, how many immigrants entered the US

A

25 million

67
Q

How many San Francisco and New York City residents had at least one parent who was foreign born

A

75%

68
Q

What concept does this quote enrapture: “America was known to foreigners as the land where you’d get rich”

A

Immigrant’s American dream

69
Q

What does this quote refer to “How can a steerage passenger remember that he is a human being when he must pick the worms from his food?”

A

Immigrant ships

70
Q

How many immigrants in this era returned to their home countries

A

1/3

71
Q

What immigrants came to America to escape religious prosecution?

A

Eastern European Jews

72
Q

What does this quote enrapture “a mere struggle for bread”

A

immigrant life in America

73
Q

When did the first Chinese immigrants arrive

A

the gold rush

74
Q

What does this quote refer to “we kept indoors after dark for fear of being shot in the back”

A

Chinese immigrant’s fear of violence

75
Q

Who incited the burning of San Francisco’s China Town?

A

Dennis Kearny

76
Q

What happened at the 1885 Rock Springs massacre in Wyoming

A

White miners burned down the local china town and murdered 28 Chinese men

77
Q

What law barred the importation of women for prostitution

A

The 1875 Page Act

78
Q

What did the 1875 Page act secretly do?

A

exclude Chinese women to join their husbands in the united states

79
Q

What law barred Chinese laborers from entering the united states

A

Chinese exclusion act

80
Q

When was the Chinese exclusion act repealed

A

1943, when US and Chinese fought together in WWII

81
Q

What was a result of cases brought up by Chinese and Japanese immigrants

A

all persons born in the US had citizenship rights

82
Q

What 3 groups did the U.S. attorney general rule in 1906 that were barred from citizenship

A

Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese

83
Q

Who were America’s first “illegal immigrants”

A

Chinese

84
Q

What was the name of the group of would-be immigrants that relied on Chinese residents, who falsely generated documents

A

paper sons

85
Q

What is this quote in reference to “that was a big chance for a lot of Chinese”

A

The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 that helped the cause of paper sons

86
Q

Which areas were underrepresented in the Senate and presidential electoral college: urban or rural

A

urban

87
Q

What strategy did labor advocates adopt due to political criticisms of industrialization

A

political alliances with sympathetic rural voters

88
Q

What is the name of the strike where thousands of railroad workers walked off the job due to steep wage cuts

A

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

89
Q

What event is this quote in reference to “The officers of the road were bound to break the spirit of the men and any or all organizations they belonged to”

A

Labor strikes

90
Q

How many people died in the 1877 Railroad strike and how much damage did it cause

A

50/$40 million

91
Q

What event is this in reference to: “It seemed as if the whole social and political structure was on the very brink of ruin”

A

The great railroad strike of 1877

92
Q

What happened to many who participated in strikes

A

fired, blacklisted, and put on “do not hire list”

93
Q

What organization was created to enforce order at home

A

National Guard

94
Q

What caused the creation of the National Guard

A

violent workers stirkes

95
Q

Who warned that Americans were to optimistic about railroad’s impact

A

Henry George

96
Q

What was Henry George’s solution

A

a “single tax” on landholdings

97
Q

T/F: Farmers were not exploited during industrialism

A

False

98
Q

What did farmers believe America should protect

A

Cotton and wheat

99
Q

What benefited from Republican financial policies

A

banks

100
Q

What was the most prominent rural protest group

A

National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

101
Q

What platforms did Grange members run on?

A

anticorporal

102
Q

What party protested the collapse of reconstruction and urged black man’s vote to be protected?

A

Greenback-Labor Party

103
Q

What was the ideal, that the Greenback’s had, that dismissed middlemen, bankers, lawyers, and investors as idlers

A

producerism

104
Q

What does this quote argue: “noble sons of labor who with bone, and brain, and fiber make the nations wealth”

A

It was not the money0handlers or executives who contributed to the nations wealth

105
Q

What was the wave of economic regulatory actions in the midwest caused by greenback pressure called?

A

Granger laws

106
Q

What did granger laws primarily do

A

regulate

107
Q

What was the name of a secret society of garment makers in Philadelphia

A

Knights of Labor

108
Q

What did Knights of Labor believe

A

ordinary people needed control over the enterprises in which they worked

109
Q

What did the Knights of labor propose transitioning American economy into

A

cooperative commonwealth

110
Q

What is this quote in reference to: “aggressiveness of great capitalists and corporations”

A

Knights of Labor movement

111
Q

Who was the Knights of Labor’s leader

A

Terence Powderly

112
Q

Who was Leona Barry

A

A women’s organizer for the Knights of Labor

113
Q

How many were a member of the Knights of Labor

A

750,000

114
Q

What event signified the downfall of the Knights of Labor

A

the meeting at Haymarket square, where a bomb was thrown, killing several police officers

115
Q

What rural movement was founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s

A

The Farmer’s alliance

116
Q

What group does this quote reference: “stand as a great conservative body against … the growing corruption of wealth and power”

A

The farmer’s alliance

117
Q

what offered members cheap hail insurance and low prices on machinery and farm supplies

A

The Dakota Alliance

118
Q

What established a huge cooperative enterprise to market cotton and provide farmers with cheap loans

A

The Texas Alliance

119
Q

What economic system did the Texas Farmer’s Alliance propose

A

a federal price-support system for farm products

120
Q

What political party was created after democrats denied the federal price-support system

A

The Populist

121
Q

What law provided federal funding for agricultural research and education

A

The Hatch Act

122
Q

What law re-instated states Authority to regulate railroads, and created the Interstate Commerce commission

A

The Interstate Commerce Act

123
Q

What did the Interstate Commerce commission do

A

investigate interstate shipping

124
Q

What continued under the ICC

A

secret “pooling”

125
Q

T/F: The Supreme Court was for the ICC

A

False

126
Q

What groups sought a closed shop

A

trade unions

127
Q

What did trade unionists create?

A

the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

128
Q

Who led the trade unionists

A

Samuel Gompers

129
Q

What doctrine did Gompers make

A

pure-and-simple unionism

130
Q

What was the aim of pure-and-simple unionists

A

direct collective bargaining with employers

131
Q

T/F: The AFL was not more welcoming to blacks and women in comparison to the Knights of Labor

A

True

Summer US History (13 decks)

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