Unit 6 Chapter 15

Question 1

What is urbanization?

Answer 1

the process of development of dense concentrations of people into settlements

Question 2

How did urbanization grow

Answer 2

Urbanization grew in the Industrial Revolution as factories rose in numbers in cities and attracted people looking for jobs.

Question 3

What are some site factors?

Answer 3

availability of water, soil quality, natural resources, landforms and climate

Question 4

Factors of a city with favorable situation

Answer 4

access to trading partners, resources and other components which fuel growth to the city economically.

Question 5

what topography do people prefer

Answer 5

Generally people favor flat topography, but if defense is an issue, then they might prefer a more elevated topography.

Question 6

what advantage does elevated topography give

Answer 6

Elevated topography gives a view into the distance which is useful to detect any harm and gives a battle advantage since it takes longer to climb up and you have somewhere to hide

Question 7

What are some key resources that attract people

Answer 7

iron and coal deposits, water supply and water growth help bring in settlements.

Question 8

How did SFO and Kimberly grow

Answer 8

SFO grew overnight because gold was discovered in its area and Kimberly in SA grew because of its diamond mines

Question 9

Why did early settlements happened in islands and natural harbors

Answer 9

Islands give easy access to water and are useful because enemies have to attack from the open water. Harbors five ships and boats a safe haven and are a good base for trade

Question 10

Examples of places located on natural harbors

Answer 10

New York, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Sydney

Question 11

How important are ports?

Answer 11

Ports are where goods and people arrive and departure. Some of the largest cities today have grown because they have ports.

Question 12

What is the most influential factor of urban growth

Answer 12

transportation such as waterways, railroads and highways.

Question 13

How does technology and communication drive urbanization

Answer 13

Today’s technological hub drives people from a lot of different places, like it did many years ago in the industrial revolution, which contributes to urbanization.

Question 14

Factors that influence urban growth

Answer 14

Population growth and migration, Economic development and government policies

Question 15

Example of population growth

Answer 15

Kansas City, in Missouri saw a population boom after a railroad construction from St. Louis in 1865 and a bridge construction across the Mississippi River

Question 16

Example of population growth decline

Answer 16

Silicon Valley in SFO is know for being a technological hub. Over the past few decades, the economy has been shifting from computer manufacturing to high end research. However Silicon Valley can’t handle the sudden population growths, as home prices have skyrocketed because of home supply shortage. Many people who do not work in the tech industries cannot afford to live there anymore. This has lead homelessness to be an increasing problem.

Question 17

Another example of population growth decline

Answer 17

Bengaluru sometimes called the Silicon Valley of India is situated in major national highway and a national railway hub. In 1998 a tech park opened which lead to attracting many technological, software and telecommunication companies. This caused a house supply shortage and over 2.2 million people live in sub standardized housing.

Question 18

Explain relationship between basic industries and secondary industries

Answer 18

A foundational economy activity, sometimes referred to as a basic industry, gives rise to secondary industries which support basic industry

Question 19

How do secondary industries support basic industries

Answer 19

These secondary industries help people with basic needs such as housing, food transportation and other goods and services. Together they contribute to a city’s economic development

Question 20

Example of economic decline in cities

Answer 20

The population of Detroit has fallen, because automobile manufacturing has become prevalent across the US and places where they offer less labor intensive work environment

Question 21

Define decentralization

Answer 21

Decentralization is when people move out of city centers to residential areas. This is because, people no longer need to live in a walkability distance to their workspace because of all the transportation innovations

Question 22

Edge cities

Answer 22

commercial centers with office space and retail complexes that are common to an urban center

Question 23

Boomburbs

Answer 23

made up of many planned communities that merge together

Question 24

Exurbs

Answer 24

low density residential areas that have wealthy estates or small rural towns

Question 25

Gravity model

Answer 25

used to explain sizes of various cities. Larger cities will interact more that smaller cities and larger cities will interact a lot of smaller cities nearby. used to predict whether people will visit, shop or do business in one city or another

Question 26

Disadvantage of gravity model

Answer 26

The model, like others, assumes that the city is on top of a flat surface and that there is no natural, cultural or political boundaries

Question 27

Rank-size model

Answer 27

The places people live, from cities to hamlets and are interconnected and are part of an interdependent urban system. consist of a hierarchy of places which range from very small to very large and they each have different functions

Question 28

Disadvantage of rank-size model

Answer 28

the model doesn’t take into account a country’s size or the distance between the cities. Using the population of the metropolitan area rather than just the city would be a more effective way to rank cities

Question 29

Primate City rule

Answer 29

when a primate city exists, a country will have medium-sized or no large cities. The existence of a primate city tells us that there is disproportionate of development in a country because all the economic opportunities are in the primate city

Question 30

Central Place theory

Answer 30

The city is a large central place, around which towns, villages and little hamlets are distributed. The main function of cities and towns is to provide goods and services to the places around it. The size and location of a central city depends on its threshold and range

Question 31

Disadvantage of central place theory

Answer 31

the theory doesn’t account for real world technology. based on a flat surface, with no natural, cultural or political boundaries where all transportation in uniform and equal range in all directions for goods and services. assumes that retail market is the only influencer, but many other cities have other functions

Question 32

First 2 megacities

Answer 32

In 1950, only 2 metropolitan areas - New York and Tokyo, had a population of more that 10 million and were first to be classified as a megacity.

Question 33

Where are cities growing the fastest

Answer 33

peripheral countries such as Yemen, Mali, Afghanistan and Nigeria, as well as semi-peripheral countries such as India and China.