Unit 6 Chapter 15 Flashcards
What is urbanization?
the process of development of dense concentrations of people into settlements
How did urbanization grow
Urbanization grew in the Industrial Revolution as factories rose in numbers in cities and attracted people looking for jobs.
What are some site factors?
availability of water, soil quality, natural resources, landforms and climate
Factors of a city with favorable situation
access to trading partners, resources and other components which fuel growth to the city economically.
what topography do people prefer
Generally people favor flat topography, but if defense is an issue, then they might prefer a more elevated topography.
what advantage does elevated topography give
Elevated topography gives a view into the distance which is useful to detect any harm and gives a battle advantage since it takes longer to climb up and you have somewhere to hide
What are some key resources that attract people
iron and coal deposits, water supply and water growth help bring in settlements.
How did SFO and Kimberly grow
SFO grew overnight because gold was discovered in its area and Kimberly in SA grew because of its diamond mines
Why did early settlements happened in islands and natural harbors
Islands give easy access to water and are useful because enemies have to attack from the open water. Harbors five ships and boats a safe haven and are a good base for trade
Examples of places located on natural harbors
New York, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Sydney
How important are ports?
Ports are where goods and people arrive and departure. Some of the largest cities today have grown because they have ports.
What is the most influential factor of urban growth
transportation such as waterways, railroads and highways.
How does technology and communication drive urbanization
Today’s technological hub drives people from a lot of different places, like it did many years ago in the industrial revolution, which contributes to urbanization.
Factors that influence urban growth
Population growth and migration, Economic development and government policies
Example of population growth
Kansas City, in Missouri saw a population boom after a railroad construction from St. Louis in 1865 and a bridge construction across the Mississippi River
Example of population growth decline
Silicon Valley in SFO is know for being a technological hub. Over the past few decades, the economy has been shifting from computer manufacturing to high end research. However Silicon Valley can’t handle the sudden population growths, as home prices have skyrocketed because of home supply shortage. Many people who do not work in the tech industries cannot afford to live there anymore. This has lead homelessness to be an increasing problem.
Another example of population growth decline
Bengaluru sometimes called the Silicon Valley of India is situated in major national highway and a national railway hub. In 1998 a tech park opened which lead to attracting many technological, software and telecommunication companies. This caused a house supply shortage and over 2.2 million people live in sub standardized housing.
Explain relationship between basic industries and secondary industries
A foundational economy activity, sometimes referred to as a basic industry, gives rise to secondary industries which support basic industry
How do secondary industries support basic industries
These secondary industries help people with basic needs such as housing, food transportation and other goods and services. Together they contribute to a city’s economic development
Example of economic decline in cities
The population of Detroit has fallen, because automobile manufacturing has become prevalent across the US and places where they offer less labor intensive work environment
Define decentralization
Decentralization is when people move out of city centers to residential areas. This is because, people no longer need to live in a walkability distance to their workspace because of all the transportation innovations
Edge cities
commercial centers with office space and retail complexes that are common to an urban center
Boomburbs
made up of many planned communities that merge together
Exurbs
low density residential areas that have wealthy estates or small rural towns
Gravity model
used to explain sizes of various cities. Larger cities will interact more that smaller cities and larger cities will interact a lot of smaller cities nearby. used to predict whether people will visit, shop or do business in one city or another
Disadvantage of gravity model
The model, like others, assumes that the city is on top of a flat surface and that there is no natural, cultural or political boundaries
Rank-size model
The places people live, from cities to hamlets and are interconnected and are part of an interdependent urban system. consist of a hierarchy of places which range from very small to very large and they each have different functions
Disadvantage of rank-size model
the model doesn’t take into account a country’s size or the distance between the cities. Using the population of the metropolitan area rather than just the city would be a more effective way to rank cities
Primate City rule
when a primate city exists, a country will have medium-sized or no large cities. The existence of a primate city tells us that there is disproportionate of development in a country because all the economic opportunities are in the primate city
Central Place theory
The city is a large central place, around which towns, villages and little hamlets are distributed. The main function of cities and towns is to provide goods and services to the places around it. The size and location of a central city depends on its threshold and range
Disadvantage of central place theory
the theory doesn’t account for real world technology. based on a flat surface, with no natural, cultural or political boundaries where all transportation in uniform and equal range in all directions for goods and services. assumes that retail market is the only influencer, but many other cities have other functions
First 2 megacities
In 1950, only 2 metropolitan areas - New York and Tokyo, had a population of more that 10 million and were first to be classified as a megacity.
Where are cities growing the fastest
peripheral countries such as Yemen, Mali, Afghanistan and Nigeria, as well as semi-peripheral countries such as India and China.
