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AP Human Geography > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture

A

shared practices, attitudes and behaviors in a society

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2
Q

Cultural trait

A

individual aspects of a culture

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3
Q

Hearth

A

the location that a cultural trait originates

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4
Q

Artifacts

A

visible objects that a culture creates

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5
Q

Sociofacts

A

organizations that influence social behavior

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6
Q

Mentifacts

A

The big, enduring ideas of a culture that reflect its shared ideas

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7
Q

Cultural norms

A

Things or practices that are normal for people in a specific culture

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8
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The judging of a culture by looking at it as a unique culture

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9
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The idea that a culture should be judged based on the ideas of one’s own culture

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10
Q

Cultural landscapes

A

Combination of physical and societal features that define a location

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11
Q

Sequent Occupance

A

evidence that successive cultures have left their cultural imprint

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12
Q

Ethnicity

A

a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

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13
Q

sense of place

A

identity of a location / people who live there

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14
Q

placemaking

A

attachment to a specific location as part of a people’s identity

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15
Q

cultural landscape

A

combination of physical and societal features that define a location

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16
Q

Centripetal force

A

pulls people closer

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17
Q

Centrifugal force

A

pulls people away

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18
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

the process by which cultural trait spreads from one place to another

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19
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

spreads in its own

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20
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Spreads as people move and take the trait with them

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21
Q

3 types of expansion diffusion

A

Contagious, hierarchical and stimulus

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22
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Spreads rapidly throughout a population like the flu would

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23
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

spread of an idea from person/region of power and authority

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24
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

spread of a trait that requires change to be accepted

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25
Q

3 types of historical diffusion methods

A

Colonialism, imperialism and trade

26
Q

Colonialism

A

acquiring full or partial political control over another country,
occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

27
Q

Imperialism

A

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

28
Q

Trade

A

exchanging goods, services, and cultural traits

29
Q

what are effects of diffusion on language

A

Lingua Franca, Pidgin, Creole

30
Q

Lingua Franca

A

common language that is adopted between speakers whose native language is different

31
Q

Example of lingua franca

A

English being used in imperialized African countries despite most people speak native tribe languages

32
Q

Pidgin

A

an unoffical mixture of words/phrases from two different languages that allow people to speak to each other

33
Q

example of pidgin

A

Spanglish

34
Q

Creole

A

fully devoted language that is the combination of two languages

35
Q

contemporary causes of diffusion

A

urbanization and globalization

36
Q

Urbanization

A

creation and expansion of cities

37
Q

Globalization

A

Expansion of traits and qualities throughout the entire world

38
Q

types of religion

A

Ethnic religion and Universalizing religion

39
Q

Ethnic religion

A

found near it’s hearth. spread only through relocation diffusion. tied to ethnicity, religion, hard to convert into

40
Q

Universalizing religion

A

spread through relocation and expansion diffusion

41
Q

Types of Ethnic religion

A

Hinduism, Judaism, Shintoism and other folk religions

42
Q

Types of universalizing religion

A

Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Sikhism

43
Q

Assimilation

A

a persons’ or a groups’ culture is brought to resemble those of another group. results in loss of original culture

44
Q

Acculturation

A

The cultural change that comes from blending cultures

44
Q

Syncretism

A

the combining of different, often contradictory beliefs while blending practices of various school of thought

44
Q

Multiculturalism

A

the presence of several distinct cultural beliefs and/or ethnic groups within a society

45
Q

Internet’s affect on cultural change

A

Access to media all over the world may lead to less variety in cultural traits rather than more

46
Q

Cultural convergence

A

as cultures interact, they become more similar, sharing and adopting another’s ideas, innovations and/or cultural traits

47
Q

Cultural Convergence examples

A

quinceañera among Hispanics in the US and Tex-Mex food

48
Q

Cultural Divergence

A

Conflicting beliefs or other barriers that cause two cultures to be less similar

49
Q

causes of cultural divergence

A

physical barriers, taboos, political barriers

50
Q

examples of cultural divergence

A

Hindu ban on eating beef - taboos, china bans social media - political barriers

51
Q

Cultural appropriation

A

the act of adopting elements of another culture

52
Q

Language family

A

largest grouping of related languages. includes language that share a common ancestral language

53
Q

Isolate

A

a language that is not assigned to a language family

54
Q

Language branch

A

a collection of languages within a family sharing common origin and separated from other branches 1000 of years ago

55
Q

Language groups

A

languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have very similar vocabulary

56
Q

Dialect

A

a variation of a language, usually in a specific area

57
Q

Indo - European family

A

spoken by half the world’s population. 445 living languages. languages are spoken as native language or lingua franca

58
Q

Kurgan hearth theory

A

Nomadic Kurgans migrated from an area around the present-day border between Kazakhstan and Russia into Europe, Siberia,
Iran, and South Asia.

59
Q

Anatolian hearth theory

A

the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European moved into Europe and South Asia from present-day Turkey

AP Human Geography (22 decks)

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