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AP Human Geography > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

shared practices, attitudes and behaviors in a society

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2
Q

Cultural trait

A

individual aspects of a culture

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3
Q

Hearth

A

the location that a cultural trait originates

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4
Q

Artifacts

A

visible objects that a culture creates

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5
Q

Sociofacts

A

organizations that influence social behavior

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6
Q

Mentifacts

A

The big, enduring ideas of a culture that reflect its shared ideas

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7
Q

Cultural norms

A

Things or practices that are normal for people in a specific culture

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8
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The judging of a culture by looking at it as a unique culture

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9
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The idea that a culture should be judged based on the ideas of one’s own culture

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10
Q

Cultural landscapes

A

Combination of physical and societal features that define a location

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11
Q

Sequent Occupance

A

evidence that successive cultures have left their cultural imprint

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12
Q

Ethnicity

A

a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

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13
Q

sense of place

A

identity of a location / people who live there

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14
Q

placemaking

A

attachment to a specific location as part of a people’s identity

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15
Q

cultural landscape

A

combination of physical and societal features that define a location

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16
Q

Centripetal force

A

pulls people closer

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17
Q

Centrifugal force

A

pulls people away

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18
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

the process by which cultural trait spreads from one place to another

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19
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

spreads in its own

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20
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Spreads as people move and take the trait with them

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21
Q

3 types of expansion diffusion

A

Contagious, hierarchical and stimulus

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22
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Spreads rapidly throughout a population like the flu would

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23
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

spread of an idea from person/region of power and authority

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24
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

spread of a trait that requires change to be accepted

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25
3 types of historical diffusion methods
Colonialism, imperialism and trade
26
Colonialism
acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
27
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
28
Trade
exchanging goods, services, and cultural traits
29
what are effects of diffusion on language
Lingua Franca, Pidgin, Creole
30
Lingua Franca
common language that is adopted between speakers whose native language is different
31
Example of lingua franca
English being used in imperialized African countries despite most people speak native tribe languages
32
Pidgin
an unoffical mixture of words/phrases from two different languages that allow people to speak to each other
33
example of pidgin
Spanglish
34
Creole
fully devoted language that is the combination of two languages
35
contemporary causes of diffusion
urbanization and globalization
36
Urbanization
creation and expansion of cities
37
Globalization
Expansion of traits and qualities throughout the entire world
38
types of religion
Ethnic religion and Universalizing religion
39
Ethnic religion
found near it's hearth. spread only through relocation diffusion. tied to ethnicity, religion, hard to convert into
40
Universalizing religion
spread through relocation and expansion diffusion
41
Types of Ethnic religion
Hinduism, Judaism, Shintoism and other folk religions
42
Types of universalizing religion
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Sikhism
43
Assimilation
a persons' or a groups' culture is brought to resemble those of another group. results in loss of original culture
44
Acculturation
The cultural change that comes from blending cultures
44
Syncretism
the combining of different, often contradictory beliefs while blending practices of various school of thought
44
Multiculturalism
the presence of several distinct cultural beliefs and/or ethnic groups within a society
45
Internet's affect on cultural change
Access to media all over the world may lead to less variety in cultural traits rather than more
46
Cultural convergence
as cultures interact, they become more similar, sharing and adopting another's ideas, innovations and/or cultural traits
47
Cultural Convergence examples
quinceañera among Hispanics in the US and Tex-Mex food
48
Cultural Divergence
Conflicting beliefs or other barriers that cause two cultures to be less similar
49
causes of cultural divergence
physical barriers, taboos, political barriers
50
examples of cultural divergence
Hindu ban on eating beef - taboos, china bans social media - political barriers
51
Cultural appropriation
the act of adopting elements of another culture
52
Language family
largest grouping of related languages. includes language that share a common ancestral language
53
Isolate
a language that is not assigned to a language family
54
Language branch
a collection of languages within a family sharing common origin and separated from other branches 1000 of years ago
55
Language groups
languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have very similar vocabulary
56
Dialect
a variation of a language, usually in a specific area
57
Indo - European family
spoken by half the world's population. 445 living languages. languages are spoken as native language or lingua franca
58
Kurgan hearth theory
Nomadic Kurgans migrated from an area around the present-day border between Kazakhstan and Russia into Europe, Siberia, Iran, and South Asia.
59
Anatolian hearth theory
the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European moved into Europe and South Asia from present-day Turkey

AP Human Geography (22 decks)

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