Unit 5 Chapter 13

Question 1

Where does subsistence agriculture occur?

Answer 1

Places where connections to the global market are limited and farmers have less access to credit and financial capital such as rural Africa and parts of Asia and Latin America.

Question 2

Where does commercial agriculture take place?

Answer 2

core and semi-peripheral countries with the infrastructure in place to access and supply the global market.

Question 3

What is a dual agricultural economy?

Answer 3

two agricultural sectors in the same country or region that have different levels of technology and different patterns of demand.

Question 4

Example of dual agricultural economy

Answer 4

Places such as Zimbabwe and South Africa where subsistence farms and right next to commercial farms.

Question 5

Agribusiness

Answer 5

large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipments.

Question 6

What are hybrid plants?

Answer 6

different varieties of plants are bred to enhance desired characteristics and improve disease resistance.

Question 7

3 ways how governments intervene in agricultural markets

Answer 7

1. Payments to farmers for growing certain crops or for not growing others.
2. regulations of ag imports/exports.
3. establish price supports in the form of crop purchases by the government at a guaranteed price

Question 8

Another way governments intervene in agricultural markets

Answer 8

control the supply of certain crops by enacting quotas, or the amount farmers can produce and sell.

Question 9

Preferences in agriculture

Answer 9

Dietary preferences and the kinds of agricultural products consumers choose to purchase ultimately affect agriculture the most

Question 10

What is commercial dairying

Answer 10

the production of selling of milk and related food products.

Question 11

Factors that affect the dairy market

Answer 11

price of milk that is determined partly by demand and government pricing regulations. Market for cow milk has declined because of alternatives.

Question 12

Demand for meat has _____

Answer 12

Increased

Question 13

Where have ranching operation grown?

Answer 13

in regions where the land is open and plentiful for cattle to graze like the U.S and South America.

Question 14

Vertical Integration

Answer 14

when a company controls all aspects of their business operations from production to processing to shipping and then to selling.

Question 15

Benefits of vertical integration

Answer 15

reduce costs, improve efficiencies and increase profits.

Question 16

Commodity chain

Answer 16

a complex network that connects places of production with distribution to consumers.

Question 17

First stage of the food supply system

Answer 17

Agricultural inputs.
Inputs are used by farmers to successfully produce agriculture. Ex: seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

Question 18

Second stage of the food supply system

Answer 18

Producers.
The producers grow, harvest and raise the agricultural products based on farm size and type. Ex: Farmers, fishers and ranchers

Question 19

Third stage of the food supply system

Answer 19

Processors.
Agriculture is transformed into ingredients and packaged food after it is sorted, cleaned, milled and prepared. Ex: Manufactures, factories, packages and storage facilities

Question 20

Fourth stage of the food supply system

Answer 20

Distributers.
Food and ingredients are distributed locally, regionally and globally. Ex: importers, exporters and wholesalers

Question 21

Fifth stage of the food supply system

Answer 21

Retailers and food services.
Retailers make food available for consumers. Ex: Restaurants, supermarkets, convenience stores and food banks.

Question 22

Sixth stage of the food supply stage

Answer 22

Consumers.
Consumers cook and/or eat the food. Ex: individuals and families

Question 23

Farm subsidies

Answer 23

Solution to rising costs of production by the U.S federal government to provide low-cost loans, insurances and payments.

Question 24

Do farm subsidies work?

Answer 24

Many believe that the subsidies help the agricultural economy of the U.S, even though they are directed to large producers. Others believe that the money is just a bonus to operations that are already successful and don’t need the assistance.

Question 25

Tariff

Answer 25

a tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export.

Question 26

What are tariffs used for

Answer 26

raise government revenue, or income, protect domestic industries against foreign competition

Question 27

Global supply chains

Answer 27

same as commodity chains but on a global scale, enable the delivery of a product between two different countries.

Question 28

Cash Crops

Answer 28

peripheral countries struggle with developing and maintaining export economies and end up becoming depending on one crop called cash crop.

Question 29

Example of cash crop

Answer 29

Vanilla industry in Madagascar.

Question 30

Advantages and disadvantages of a cash crop

Answer 30

The specialization of one product creates a reputation and demand for production. However, reliance on a single commodity is risky, and it’s unhealthy for an economy.

Question 31

Fair Trade

Answer 31

a global campaign to fix unfair wage practices and protect the ability of farmers to earn a living.