Unit 4 - chapter 9

Question 1

Nation

Answer 1

a cultural entity made up of individuals with a common identity through shared language, religion, ethnicity or heritage. Ex: Native Hawaians Navajo

Question 2

State

Answer 2

Politicians organized independent territory with a government defined borders, and a permanent population. Ex: China

Question 3

Nation State

Answer 3

Territory occupied by a group where most citizens of the state identify as belonging to the same common nation of the same name. Ex: Japan, Iran

Question 4

Multistate Nation

Answer 4

People who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more than 1 country. Ex: Russians, Jew, Koreans

Question 5

Multinational State

Answer 5

A country with various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders. Ex: USA

Question 6

Stateless Nation

Answer 6

People united by culture, language, history and traditions, but not possessing a state. Ex: Palestine, Tribal nations is USA

Question 7

Autonomous regions

Answer 7

can govern their own territories independently from the national government. EX: Hong Kong, a territory in China, has its own system of government and currency.

Question 8

Semiautonomous

Answer 8

can govern their own territories independently from the national government. Ex: American Indian reserves in the US have the authority to operate under certain different laws. But, according to the US’s pov, Native American nations are not sovereign because power is limited

Question 9

Territoriality

Answer 9

multiple definitions. Geographer Robert Sack defines territoriality as the “attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area”

Question 10

Example of Territoriality

Answer 10

gated communities fenced so that only people apart of the community can enter. At the national scale, countries control their land with boundaries, and create identity through flags, names and anthems

Question 11

colonialism

Answer 11

claiming and dominating overseas territory

Question 12

neocolonialism

Answer 12

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Question 13

Example of colonialism

Answer 13

European countries began establishing colonies throughout the world starting in the 19th century, gaining control over lands in Africa, Asia and the Americans, and elsewhere.

Question 14

Example of neocolonialism

Answer 14

Kenya, needed to replace aging railroad architecture. In 2014, the Kenyen government agreed to pay a Chinese company to build a railroad line from Nairobi, the capital, to the city of Mombasa. The cost was 3.8 billon which critics said that will take a lot of years before they can pay it up. Until then, China has control over decisions of railroads

Question 15

Choke point

Answer 15

a narrow strategic passage way to another place through which it is difficult to pass. can be sources of power, influence, and wealth for the countries that control them. Waterway choke points could be straights, canals or other restricted passages

Question 16

Example of land based choke point

Answer 16

Thermopylae, a mountain pass in Greece where a Greek force estimated at 7000 men was able to hold off an invading Persian army of between 70,000 and 300,000 soldiers for 3 days in 480 B.C.E

Question 17

shatterbelts

Answer 17

states form, join and breakup because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts among parties and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states

Question 18

Self determination

Answer 18

the right of all people to choose their own political status

Question 19

Imperialism

Answer 19

the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or people

Question 20

Example of Imperialism

Answer 20

Spain territories spanned the globe, including land in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia and even Oceania

Question 21

Devolution

Answer 21

when the central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities within its borders.

Question 22

Example of devolution

Answer 22

The former Soviet Union devolution led to the creation of 12 independent states

Question 23

Defining boundaries

Answer 23

countries explicitly state in legally binding documentation such as a treaty where their borders are located, using reference points such as natural features or lines of latitude or longitude

Question 24

Delimit boundaries

Answer 24

Countries can delimit their boundaries by drawing them on a map in accordance with a legal agreement

Question 25

Demarcated boundaries

Answer 25

with physical objects such as stones, pillars, walls, or fences.

Question 26

administer boundaries

Answer 26

manage the way they are maintained and how goods and people will cross them.

Question 27

Antecedent boundaries

Answer 27

established before many people settle into an area =.

Question 28

example of antecedent boundaries

Answer 28

between United States and Canada, established at the 49th parallel in 1846 before most European American settlers moved into the territories that became Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, and Washington

Question 29

subsequent boundaries

Answer 29

drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscapes already exist or are in the process of being established

Question 30

examples of subsequent boundaries

Answer 30

France and Germany have subsequent boundaries

Question 31

consequent boundaries

Answer 31

a type of subsequent boundary. take into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, or other traits.

Question 32

superimposed boundaries

Answer 32

drawn over existing accepted boundaries, by an outside or conquering force

Question 33

Example of superimposed boundary

Answer 33

The British drew lines over Africa’s borders at the Berlin conference with no regards to their cultural boundaries

Question 34

Geometric boundary

Answer 34

mathematical and typically follow lines of latitude and longitude, or are straight-line arcs between 2 points, instead of following physical and cultural features.

Question 35

relics

Answer 35

Former boundaries that once existed but no longer have official function are considered to be relics