Unit 5 Chapter 12

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

the purposeful cultivation of plants or raising of animals to produce goods for survival.

Question 2

What locations are in the Cold Mid-latitude

Answer 2

North Central U.S.A, Southern Canada, Eastern Europe

Question 3

What plants are grown in the Cold Mid-latitude

Answer 3

Wheat, Barley, Livestock, Dairy cows

Question 4

What are the locations of Warm Mid-latitude

Answer 4

Southern China, Southern U.S.A

Question 5

What plants are grown in Warm Mid-latitude

Answer 5

Rice, Fruits and Vegetables

Question 6

What are the locations in Mediterranean

Answer 6

California, Chile, Mediterranean sea area

Question 7

What crops grow in the Mediterranean

Answer 7

Grapes, olives and dates

Question 8

What locations are in Grasslands/Continental Steppe

Answer 8

Northern Africa, Western U.S.A, Grasslands and Mongolia

Question 9

What crops are grown in Grasslands/Continental Steppe

Answer 9

Cattle ranching, Sheep, Goats, horses, camels

Question 10

What locations are in Sub-tropical

Answer 10

Indonesia, West Indies

Question 11

What crops grow in sub-tropical

Answer 11

Rice, cotton and tobacco

Question 12

What locations are in tropical

Answer 12

Equatorial Africa, Indonesia

Question 13

What crops are in Tropical

Answer 13

Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Cacao and Pineapple

Question 14

What are the types of climate regions

Answer 14

Cold Mid-latitude, Warm Mid-latitude, Mediterranean, Grasslands/Continental Steppe, Sub-tropical and Tropical

Question 15

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 15

consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.

Question 16

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 16

Farming where the farmer grows and raises a diverse range of crops and livestock for their family’s consumption.

Question 17

Commercial agriculture

Answer 17

farmers grow crops and raise livestock for profit to sell to customers, who buy these goods

Question 18

bid-rent theory

Answer 18

explains how land value determines how a farmer will use the land - either intensively or extensively.

Question 19

What does the bid-rent theory say?

Answer 19

Where land value is high, farmers will buy less land and use it intensively to produce more agriculture per land. Where land has a lower value or is father from the market, famers will buy more land and use it extensively

Question 20

Metes and bounds

Answer 20

Used for clustered settlements and is not precise at all. Uses physical features/landmarks along with the directions and distances to define and describe a parcel of land. Found in former U.S British colonies and east of the Appalachian mountains

Question 21

Township and Range

Answer 21

Used with dispersed settlements. It has precise, blocks of land. It has rectangular land divisions to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands. Found in the Old Northwest - the area from Ohio to Minnesota.

Question 22

Long lot system

Answer 22

Goes with linear settlements. Set up by French. The farms are on narrow lots perpendicular along a river, so that all farmers could have access to the water. This is the most efficient method. Found near Mississippi River.

Question 23

Intensive Agriculture

Answer 23

High level use of labor and capital. Practiced in densely populated regions. Small and expensive. Near to the market. Aims to maximize yields from available land, through ways such as heavy use of pesticide, and chemical fertilizers.

Question 24

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 24

putting forth a large amount of human labor to generate high crop yields on small plots of land to support their family and local community.

Question 25

Intensive commercial agriculture

Answer 25

heavy investments in labor and capital and results in high yields for profit - its products are commodities intended for sale at market.

Question 26

Clustered settlement (nucleated settlement)

Answer 26

Found in small villages where families live close together with fields surrounding the collection of houses. Allows to share common resources

Question 27

Dispersed settlement

Answer 27

families live on individual farms isolated from neighbors. No central water source. Lots of land. Western U.S. May not be best farm land

Question 28

Linear settlement

Answer 28

Seen along roads or rivers. Most common. Line of houses with farms behind the houses

Question 29

What is monocropping?

Answer 29

the cultivation of one or 2 crops that are rotated seasonally. commonly corn, soybeans, wheat or cotton.

Question 30

Monoculture

Answer 30

the agricultural system of planting one or raising one type of animal annually.

Question 31

Why crop rotation

Answer 31

Monocropping can strip nutrients from the soil. This is a way to prevent depletion of nutrients.

Question 32

What does crop rotation do?

Answer 32

the varying of crops year to year to allow for the restoration of valuable nutrients and the continuing productivity of soil.

Question 33

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 33

large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation. type of intensive commercial agriculture.

Question 34

Where does plantation agriculture take place

Answer 34

Peripheral and semi-peripheral economies in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas.

Question 35

What are some major plantation crops

Answer 35

Cotton, tobacco, tea, coffee, sugarcane, bananas, palm oil, and rubber.

Question 36

Market gardening

Answer 36

farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market, or urban area, where farmers can conveniently sell to local grocery stores, restaurants, farmer markets and road stands.

Question 37

Mixed crop and livestock systems

Answer 37

both crops and livestock are raised for profit.

Question 38

Central Business District

Answer 38

The majority of consumer services are located in the center of a city because the accessibility of the location attracts these services. This central location is called CBD

Question 39

Extensive farming

Answer 39

large farms are being cultivated with relatively lower inputs, that is capital and labor. Practiced in moderately populated regions. Large and inexpensive. Remotely located and small.

Question 40

Types of extensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 40

Shifting cultivation, slash and burn, nomadic herding, transhumance

Question 41

Shifting cultivation

Answer 41

practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, abandoning land when nutrients are depleted, then repeat.

Question 42

Slash and Burn

Answer 42

type of shifting cultivation. clear land by cutting down trees and vegetation dries, burning this slash, resulting in nutrient rich ask fertilizer.

Question 43

Nomadic herding

Answer 43

move animals seasonally or as needed to allow the best grazing.

Question 44

Transhumance

Answer 44

the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevation during summer, and lower elevations during the winter

Question 45

Extensive Commercial agriculture types

Answer 45

Ranching.

Question 46

Ranching

Answer 46

takes place in semiarid grassland areas around the world in which crop rotation is difficult or impossible.

Question 47

Domestication

Answer 47

the deliberate effort to grow plants and raise animals, making plants and animals adapt to human demands and using selective breeding to develop desirable characteristics

Question 48

Foragers

Answer 48

small nomadic groups who had primarily plant-based diets and ate small animals or fish for proteins.

Question 49

Agricultural hearth

Answer 49

Each area where different groups began to domesticate plants and animals.