Unit 6:Cell Cycle

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

growth at a cellular level by addition of cells to a population (cell division)

important for reproduction, for growth and for repair purposes

produces daughter cells identical to mother cell

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase

Question 3

M Phase

Answer 3

Prophase 
Prometaphase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase

Question 4

G1 Phase

Answer 4

cell performs regular assigned fxns
maintain homeostasis
will only move to next phase when proper signaling occurs

Question 5

S Phase

Answer 5

signal to divide reaches the nucleus of cell which results in representation of genome
chromosomes undergo DNA Replication creating sister chromatids

Question 6

G2 Phase

Answer 6

replication of organelles

cells finish prep to reproduces waiting for signal to go into M phase

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

nuclear envelope dissolved

nuclear membrane material will break down

spindles and asters begin to form

chromatin condenses into chromosomes

sister chromatids aligned

sister chromatids held at centromeres

Question 8

Prometaphase

Answer 8

nuclear material is condensed

sister chromatids attached by spindles by the kinetochore

sister chromatids begin to move towards the cell plate

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

chromatids aligned at the center

spindle check point occurs before going into anaphase

Question 10

Anaphase

Answer 10

chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 11

Telophase

Answer 11

nuclear envelope reforms

chromatids de condense

aster breaks down

cytokinesis begins

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

cleavage furrow forms in animal cells

cell plate forms in plant cells

two daughter cells are made

Question 13

Meiosis

Answer 13

makes gametes

diploid germ line cells (2n)

produces haploid germ cells (1n) which mature into gametes

fusion of gametes (fertilization) procedures a diploid zygote

two rounds of Meiosis

one round of cellular material duplication (s phase)

two rounds of karyokinesis and cytokinesis

Question 14

Prophase 1

Answer 14

when cross over occurs between homologous chromosomes

dissociating linked genes

tetrads gather at synapsis

Question 15

Metaphase 1

Answer 15

align at the metaphase plate

Question 16

Anaphase 1

Answer 16

dont break centromere

separate homologous chromosomes

Question 17

Telophase 1

Answer 17

two daughter cells

Question 18

Meiosis 2

Answer 18

no s phase between the two m phase rounds

Question 19

Prophase 2

Answer 19

centrioles replicated

Question 20

Metaphase 2

Answer 20

align at the metaphase plate

Question 21

Anaphase 2

Answer 21

separation of sister chromatids

Question 22

Telophase 2

Answer 22

four daughter cells

Question 23

First Checkpoint

Answer 23

G1/S Checkpoint

check for cell size, nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage. If the cell is in good conditions it will then go into the S phase.

Question 24

Second Checkpoint

Answer 24

G2/M Checkpoint

usage of MPF (mitosis promoting factor)

inactive cdk is activated by a cycling that binds to it then phosphatase is now active which removes a phosphate

Question 25

Spindle Checkpoint

Answer 25

holds all chromatids in metaphase plate

anaphase promoting complex (APC) triggers anaphase

sister chromatids held together by cohesin

separase breaks down cohesin

securin is an inhibitor of separase

apc marks securin for destruction