Unit 3-Bioenergetics Flashcards
Catabolism
captures energy by breaking macromolecules
ex: hydrolysis-adding water to the reaction
Anabolism
free energy is used to build macromolecules
ex: dehydration synthesis- remove water in a reaction
Energy
cannot be created
Entropy
a natural thermodynamic that tend to disorganize and disrupt a system for mechanical work
Enthalpy
useable energy to maintain organization in a system for mechanical work
Exergonic
energy is released
reaction starts with high energy and results in low energy
Endergonic
energy is supplied
reaction starts with low energy and results in high energy
Kilocalorie
1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie - its the amount of heat necessary to raise temp by 1 degree
1 cal = heat to raise 1 ml of water by 1 degree celsius
1 kcal = heat to raise 1 l of water by 1 degree celsius
1 cal = 1 kcal
Reduction
gaining of electrons
Oxidation
losing of electrons
Enzymes
catalytic proteins that speed up a reaction
Effectors of Enzyme Activation
Temperature pH Ionic Concentration Substrate Concentration Inhibitors and Activators
Effect of Temperature on Enzymes
the higher the temperature, the more energy resulting in a faster reaction, and the enzyme will denature
Effect of pH on Enzymes
as pH increases, the rate of enzyme activity increases as well
Effect of Substrate Concentration on Enzymes
adding more substrates will result in faster activity but once all substrates are bounded to enzymes there is no effect on activity
