Unit 1-Atoms&Water Flashcards
Atoms
simplest unit of particles
Protons
dictate atomic number and number of electrons in an element
What dictates reactivity?
the capacity of the atoms orbitals
When are atoms most stable?
when all electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled
When are atoms most unstable?
when electron orbitals in the valence shell are almost filled or over filled
How many electrons can go in each orbital?
1st=2
2nd=8
3rd=8
Quantum Energy Levels
electrons behavior is dictated by this
carry specific and discrete energy
system to show how much energy a particle can take by looking at the outer electron shell
1 sphere=K
2 sphere=L
3 sphere=M
4 sphere=N
Ionic Bonds
the donation of electrons
an attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
metal and a nonmetal
Covalent Bonds
the sharing of electrons
for bond to stay stable the atoms have to stay close and share the electrons
Polar Covalent Bonds
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally (asymmetrical)
ex: water
Non-polar Covalent Bonds
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
Electronegativity
tendency of an atom to attract or draw in electrons
the more electronegative, the more power the atom has to hold onto the electrons than the other atom
ex: oxygen in water that is why it is a polar covalent bond
Hydrogen Bonds
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
weak due to polar covalent bonds
stronger together
Hydrophobic Interactions
interaction between
molecules grouping together to avoid water
consequence of a non-polar bond
ex: micelles and phospholipid membrane because the tails will attract to each other and away form the water
Surface Tension
water molecules sticking together so water surface does not want to break
occurs due to hydrogen bonds, they are weak alone and strong together
it is an example of cohesion
