Cellular Respiration Lab Flashcards
Equation of cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
3 stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis
kreb cycle
electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis take place?
in the cells cytoplasm
What molecule is broken down in glycolysis?
glucose
What molecules are used to break down glucose and fructose?
ATP
What molecules are made midway of glycolysis?
2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
G3P
What high energy electron is reduced in glycolysis?
NAD+ is reduced (gains electrons) into NADH because that electron is picked up to generate ATP
What molecule is phosphorylated in order to break down G3P?
2 ADP is phosphorylated into 2 ATP twice
What is the end product of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH
Before entering the Kreb Cycle, what process does pyruvate have to go through?
Pyruvate Oxidation
Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur?
from the cytoplasm, that pyruvate molecule does into the mitochondrial matrix
What is done in pyruvate oxidation?
a CO2 is detached from pyruvate, an NAD+ is reduced into NADH+, and a coenzyme A is attached
What is the end product of Pyruvate Oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA (2 carbon molecule)
In the Kreb Cycle, what does Acetyl-CoA bind to?
Oxaloacetate a 4 carbon molecule
What molecule forms once Acetyl-CoA and Oxaloacetate bind?
a 6 carbon molecule Citrate also known as Citric Acid
Where does the Kreb Cycle take place?
mitochondrial matrix
What is the end products of the Kreb Cycle after two rounds?
6 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 ATP
What molecule is added to form malate from fumarate in the Kreb Cycle?
H2O made from glycolysis is used to create malate
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
mitochondria
What does the Electron Transport Chain do?
reduce electron carriers NADH and FADH2 to donate those electrons to produce ATP
Through what process is ATP produced?
a proton gradient
chemiosmosis
hydrogen ion concentration
How many hydrogen ions generate 1 ATP?
four hydrogen ions
What molecule is final electron acceptor?
O2 is a “trash can” for low energy electrons so H2O can be made
How many ATP molecules are made?
30 in Eukaryotes
32 in Prokaryotes
What process of cellular respiration is anaerobic?
glycolysis
Where does lactate fermentation occur and what does it do?
in skeletal muscle, and it is when a glucose molecule under goes glycolysis, produces pyruvate but that pyruvate is turn into lactase due to the oxidation of 2 NADH molecules into 2 NAD+
What are inhibitors of cellular respiration?
Flouride inhibits enzymes that requires Mg as a cofactor
What is a cofactor of cellular respiration?
Magnesium is a cofactor which is a nonprotein component required by an enzyme function
