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BIO > Unit 2-Cells > Flashcards

Unit 2-Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ribosomes

A

synthesize proteins

large and small subunits come together to capture mRNA then break apart

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2
Q

Golgi Body

A

receives proteins and lipids from rough ER and smooth ER as transport vesicles and accepts them through the cis face

modifies proteins and lipids
turns into a secretory vesicle that comes out the trans face

makes lysosomes

packs and ships

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3
Q

Rough ER

A

covered with ribosomes that make proteins

involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of proteins

proteins get sent to Golgi Body as transport vesicle

Cisternae- wrinkles that provide surface area
Lume- space inside rough ER

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4
Q

Smooth ER

A

responsible for lipid, steroid, and carb synthesis

stores calcium

important for liver fxn: helps detoxify

it is free of ribosomes

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5
Q

Lysosomes

A

cell clean up

filled with inactive digestive enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

pH drops btw 2-4 which causes enzymes to become active (they start to break down material then they return back to inactive)

they are made by the Golgi Body

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6
Q

Peroxisomes

A

detoxifies harmful substances

eliminates anything that “attacks” your cells

saves you from too much oxygen

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7
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of fibers in the cytoplasm that holds cell together

helps the cell to keep its shape

aids movement

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of ATP production

has its own DNA, ribosomes, and protein

Matrix=liquid inside it

Cristae=wrinkles that give it surface area, contains enzymes which convert to high energy electrons to ATP

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9
Q

Centriole

A

aids in cell division in animal cells only

two that are at 90 degrees

9 sets of triplets of microtubules

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

found inside the nucleus and responsible for rRNA synthesis

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

loose DNA to make chromosomes within the nucleus

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

control center of the cell

protects DNA/RNA

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13
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

holes in the nuclear envelope (outer membrane) that allow materials to pass in and out the nucleus

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14
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

outer membrane of the nucleus

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15
Q

Vacuoles

A

stores food, water, waste, and other materials

plant cells have it bigger than animal cells

Turgidity- it is swollen

Tonoplasts-pressure of water pushing against each other to give its structure

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16
Q

Actin

A

thin filaments that can change shape

has a short life

part of the cytoskeleton

17
Q

Microtubules

A

spiral strands of protein molecules that form tubelike structures

used for cytoskeleton structure

transports organelles

transports materials inside the tube

18
Q

Dynein

A

moves because ATP attaches and gives it energy

changes Hydrogen bonds which makes it move across the top of the microtubules

19
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

how plant cells communicate

channels between adjacent plant cells

20
Q

Cisternae

A

wrinkles of the rough ER

21
Q

Cristae

A

wrinkles in the mitochondria

22
Q

Flagella or Flagellum

A

long whiplike structure that helps a cell move

made up of microtubules

has the 9 sets of triplets at the base but the at the end of the tail it has 9 sets of doublets so it can be flexible

23
Q

Cilia

A

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane

used to move the cell

24
Q

Eukaryotes

A

cells that have a nucleus (both animal and plant)

25
Q

Prokaryotes

A

cels that do not have a nucleus (Eubacteria,Archaebacteria)

does not have organelles

26
Q

Matrix

A

liquid inside the mitochondria

27
Q

Cytoplasm

A

jellylike fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended

28
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle found in plant cell

captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

29
Q

Stroma

A

the liquid filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts

30
Q

Granum

A

a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

stack of “coins”

31
Q

Thylakoids disk

A

“coin” in chloroplast

make up granum

32
Q

Thylakoid space

A

space inside thylakoid

33
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

photosynthetic membrane within a chloroplast

contains light gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains

membrane of thylakoid disk

34
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

origin of nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

two prokaryotes fused and evolved into a eukaryote

35
Q

Oxygen Revolution

A

time span of 2 billion to 400 million years in which photosynthetic autotrophs changed the composition of Earths atmosphere to its current oxygen rich mixture

36
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded of protein and polysaccharides

covers cells and holds one cell to the next

its how animal cells communicate

BIO (13 decks)

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