Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO > EXAM 1-UNIT 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 1-UNIT 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory

A

organisms composed of cells

cells are basic unit and cannot be subdivided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Robert Hooke

A

in 1665 looked at plants (onions) and it was the first recognition of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anton Leeuwenhoek

A

in 1673 looked at pond water and he discovered animalcules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

A

nose yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Eubacteria and Archeal bacteria
dont have nucleus
refered to as a simple organism but isnt bc a cellular organism is much more simpler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

have true nucleus

have organells for certain functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial Organelles

A 
cell wall 
capsule 
ribosomes 
flagella 
cytoskeleton 
nucleoid 
cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organelles do animal and plant cells have in common?

A 
Ribosomes 
Plasma Membrane 
Mitochondria 
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Golgi Sacks 
Nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleus

A

function: contains DNA and regulates activity of the cell
contains…
nuclear envelope
nuclear membrane
nuclear pores
nucleolus
chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

has aqueous interior (cytosol liquid)

it is where the organelles float around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mitochondria

A

has a bilayer and two membranes
the matrix is the inner membrane liquid
has its own DNA

function: generates ATP(energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chloroplast

A

two bilayer membrane
the stroma is the inner membrane liquid
has its own DNA

function: to conduct photosynthesis and to carry out functions like fatty acid and protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

the fusion of 2 prokaryotes and evolution made it cell into a eukaryote

ex: Mitochondria and Chloroplast because it has two membranes and own circular DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vacuoles

A

holds pressure

used for water regulation and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rough ER

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Smooth ER

A

lipid and carb synthesis (liver has alot of smooth ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Golgi Body

A

helps process and package lipids and proteins and export them out the cell

18
Q

Lysosomes

A

protein degradation
getting rid of cellular waste
hold digestive enzymes until lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles

19
Q

Peroxisomes

A

very oxidative and help protect cells from oxidative environment

20
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein synthesis
composed of rRNA
have a large and small subunit (they take the message, read it, and make protein then they detach)

21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

it contains actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

function:movement and provides pathways/structures for transport

22
Q

Flagellum

A

microtubule arrangement used for movement attached to the end of the cell

23
Q

Cell Wall Barriers

A

semi permeable - gets waste out and lets certain things in
selective - chooses what gets in
gated/regulated
site for integral and peripheral proteins

24
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

phospholipid bilayer

25
Q

Integral Membrane Proteins

A

intergrins anchor due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
anchors for cytoskeleton to pull things into cell

26
Q

Junctions

A

cell to cell adhesion and communication of cells

has desmosomes and they are critical for when cells attach to other cells

27
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

associated with membrane and not embedded into the membrane usually attached to integral proteins

28
Q

Rate of Diffusion

A

molecules moving through a high concentration to a low concentration of solutes

29
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane

it is passive transport (no energy)

30
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

shrinked cell because water is leaving the cell due to the high concentration of solutes outside the cell

31
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

swollen cell because water is entering the cell due to the high concentration of solutes inside the cell

32
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

equal amount of water entering and leaving the cell

33
Q

Channel Proteins

A

provide hydrophilic pores through hydrophobic barrier
passive and reversible (no energy)

ex: inside the cell alot of K and very little Na is present if channel opens then the Na naturally will go inside the cell

34
Q

Carrier/Transport Proteins

A

substrate binds to proteins
passive and reversible (no energy)
mediators for facilitate diffusion

35
Q

Active Transport

A

energy to move solute against concentration gradient (direct use of ATP)

36
Q

Uniporter

A

type of active transport
it is a glucose transporter
transports a single type of molecule by adding energy to pump proton out of the cell

37
Q

Coupled Transport

A

antiporter (ex: Sodium Pottasium Pump)

symporter ex: Sodium and a coupled glucose transporter) they go in the same direction

38
Q

Phagocytosis

A

food vacuole / brings food into the cell

39
Q

Pinocytosis

A

liquid vacuole / brings waste into the cell

40
Q

Exocytosis

A

allows things to exit the cell

BIO (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions