Unit 6 Flashcards
Musculoskeletal System
Gives shape and form Maintain posture Allows movement protection store calcium and phosphorus produce hear produce blood cells
Bones
basic framework of body
produce red, white blood cells, and platelets
Joints
points where two bones meet
provide movement and flexibility
Ball & Socket
allows movement in all directions
Hinge
movement in one direction
Pivot
move side to side
Muscles
move the body
maintain posture
protect organs
create heat
Voluntary Muscles
consciously controlled
skeletal
striated
Involuntary
work automatically
smooth
Cardiac
Heart
Changes due to aging
muscles weaken bones lose calcium shrinking of space between vertebrae loss of muscle mass (weight) joints less flexible (slow movement)
Osteoporosis
bones become brittle and weak
Arthritis
inflammation of the joints
Osteoarthritis
degenerative loss of cartilage
Rhuematoid Arthritis
autoimmune disorder that effects synovial membrane that lines joint capsule
Determining factors on how to transfer patient
patient ability size condition cognitive function equipment available
Importace of Activities
prevents: complications of bed rest blood clots pneumonia contractures maintains muscle strength & circulation
Chair positioning
back & butt against chair
feet flat of floor or foot rests
back of knees & calves away from edge
support weak arms with pillows
Pillows for side laying
under head behind back under upper arm under upper leg *should be turned every 2 hours
Log Rolling
turn patient as unit; keep head & spine in alignment move res to side of bed arms across chest pillow between knees needs 2+ people
Dangling
allow for dizziness with change of position
move pt to side of bed
assist to sitting position
Orthostatic Hypotension
sudden drop in blood pressure when changing position
Methods of moving
1: move in segments- head, middle, legs
2: move with draw sheet
Stretchers used for people who:
cannot sit up
must stay in laying position
are seriously ill
Rules for Stretchers
covered with folded flat sheet or bath blanket safety straps are used side rails kept up during transport moved feet first never leave person alone
Friction Reducing
lift sheets
boards
floatmats
Ambulation
use gait belt non skid shoes use hand rails walk next to res with hand under gait belt res keep chin up & look forward
Walking Aids
depends on persons condition
amount of support needed
type of disability
Canes used for weakness on one side of body
hold on strong side of body
Transfer to chair or W/C
dangle apply gait belt brace knees & feet grab belt from under count to 3 non skid foot wear res lead with strong side food pedals removed wheels locked
Safety
good body mechanics get help if needed identify res tell res what doing always count to 3
wheel chair to toilet
w/c right angle to toilet
