Unit 6

Question 1

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 1

Gives shape and form
Maintain posture
Allows movement
protection
store calcium and phosphorus
produce hear
produce blood cells

Question 2

Bones

Answer 2

basic framework of body

produce red, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 3

Joints

Answer 3

points where two bones meet

provide movement and flexibility

Question 4

Ball & Socket

Answer 4

allows movement in all directions

Question 5

Hinge

Answer 5

movement in one direction

Question 6

Pivot

Answer 6

move side to side

Question 7

Muscles

Answer 7

move the body
maintain posture
protect organs
create heat

Question 8

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 8

consciously controlled
skeletal
striated

Question 9

Involuntary

Answer 9

work automatically

smooth

Question 10

Cardiac

Answer 10

Heart

Question 11

Changes due to aging

Answer 11

muscles weaken
bones lose calcium
shrinking of space between vertebrae
loss of muscle mass (weight)
joints less flexible (slow movement)

Question 12

Osteoporosis

Answer 12

bones become brittle and weak

Question 13

Arthritis

Answer 13

inflammation of the joints

Question 14

Osteoarthritis

Answer 14

degenerative loss of cartilage

Question 15

Rhuematoid Arthritis

Answer 15

autoimmune disorder that effects synovial membrane that lines joint capsule

Question 16

Determining factors on how to transfer patient

Answer 16

patient ability
size
condition
cognitive function
equipment available

Question 17

Importace of Activities

Answer 17

prevents:
complications of bed rest
blood clots
pneumonia
contractures
maintains muscle strength & circulation

Question 18

Chair positioning

Answer 18

back & butt against chair
feet flat of floor or foot rests
back of knees & calves away from edge
support weak arms with pillows

Question 19

Pillows for side laying

Answer 19

under head
behind back
under upper arm
under upper leg 
*should be turned every 2 hours

Question 20

Log Rolling

Answer 20

turn patient as unit; keep head & spine in alignment
move res to side of bed
arms across chest
pillow between knees
needs 2+ people

Question 21

Dangling

Answer 21

allow for dizziness with change of position
move pt to side of bed
assist to sitting position

Question 22

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 22

sudden drop in blood pressure when changing position

Question 23

Methods of moving

Answer 23

1: move in segments- head, middle, legs
2: move with draw sheet

Question 24

Stretchers used for people who:

Answer 24

cannot sit up
must stay in laying position
are seriously ill

Question 25

Rules for Stretchers

Answer 25

``` covered with folded flat sheet or bath blanket safety straps are used side rails kept up during transport moved feet first never leave person alone ```

Question 26

Friction Reducing

Answer 26

lift sheets boards floatmats

Question 27

Ambulation

Answer 27

``` use gait belt non skid shoes use hand rails walk next to res with hand under gait belt res keep chin up & look forward ```

Question 28

Walking Aids

Answer 28

depends on persons condition amount of support needed type of disability

Question 29

Canes used for weakness on one side of body

Answer 29

hold on strong side of body

Question 30

Transfer to chair or W/C

Answer 30

``` dangle apply gait belt brace knees & feet grab belt from under count to 3 non skid foot wear res lead with strong side food pedals removed wheels locked ```

Question 31

Safety

Answer 31

``` good body mechanics get help if needed identify res tell res what doing always count to 3 ```

Question 32

wheel chair to toilet

Answer 32

w/c right angle to toilet