Heart and Respiratory Flashcards
Heart
muscle with 3 layers -pericardium -myocardium -endocardium pumps blood
Four Chambers
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
Systole
ventricles contract
Diastole
Relaxation phase
Arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from heart
largest = Aorta
Veins
carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
largest = Vena Cava
Capillaries
arteries meet veins
exchange of oxygen & nutrients takes place
Red blood cells
erythrocytes
carry oxygen
iron (hemoglobin) gives red color
White blood cells
leukocytes
protect from infection
Platelets
thrombocytes
cause blood to clot
Plasma
liquid portion of blood
55% of blood
Changes in circulatory system due to aging
heart pumps less efficiently
blood vessels narrow
vessels less elastic
blood flow decreases
Hypertension
hardening & narrowing of blood vessels treatment- medication exercise low fat/sodium diet
Coronary Artery Disease
build up of plaque in arteries of heart
Myocardial Ischemia
blood supply to heart muscle reduced
Angina Pectoris
chest pain
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
all or part of blood supply to area of heart is blocked
heart muscle dies because of lack of oxygen
Congestive Heart Failure
heart fails to pump effectively due to damage s/s- edema difficulty breathing weight gain treatment- diet medication fluid restriction
Respiratory System
responsible for breathing
take oxygen from air & turn into carbon dioxide
Larynx
voice box
Trachea
Windpipe
has mucous membrane collect foreign particles
has cilia to move them up & out of body
Lungs
organs covered by pleura that protects
Parts of lungs
lft, rt bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli
Changes in respiratory system due to aging
lung strength decreases
alveoli become less elastic & decrease in number
airways are stiff and less elastic
lung capacity decreases
ribcage changes & chest muscles are weaker
oxygen in blood decreases
voice weakens
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
chronic, progressive disease
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
Bronchitis
inflammation of lining of bronchi
acute (caused by infection)
chronic (scarring of bronchi)
long lasting mucous-y cough
Emphysema
chronic condition where whales between alveoli become over-stretched s/s- shortness of breath coughing difficulty breathing
S/S of COPD
coughing/wheezing dyspnea shortness of breath cyanosis chest pain/tightness confusion weakness weightloss or loss of appetite fear & anxiety CANNOT LAY FLAT
Pneumonia
inflammation of lungs; air sacs fill with liquid viral bacterial fungal s/s- fever chest pain coughing difficulty breathing shortness of breath chills rapid pulse
