Heart and Respiratory

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

muscle with 3 layers
-pericardium
-myocardium
-endocardium
pumps blood

Question 2

Four Chambers

Answer 2

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

Question 3

Systole

Answer 3

ventricles contract

Question 4

Diastole

Answer 4

Relaxation phase

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

carry oxygenated blood away from heart

largest = Aorta

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

carry deoxygenated blood back to heart

largest = Vena Cava

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

arteries meet veins

exchange of oxygen & nutrients takes place

Question 8

Red blood cells

Answer 8

erythrocytes
carry oxygen
iron (hemoglobin) gives red color

Question 9

White blood cells

Answer 9

leukocytes

protect from infection

Question 10

Platelets

Answer 10

thrombocytes

cause blood to clot

Question 11

Plasma

Answer 11

liquid portion of blood

55% of blood

Question 12

Changes in circulatory system due to aging

Answer 12

heart pumps less efficiently
blood vessels narrow
vessels less elastic
blood flow decreases

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

hardening & narrowing of blood vessels
treatment-
medication
exercise
low fat/sodium diet

Question 14

Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 14

build up of plaque in arteries of heart

Question 15

Myocardial Ischemia

Answer 15

blood supply to heart muscle reduced

Question 16

Angina Pectoris

Answer 16

chest pain

Question 17

Myocardial infarction

Answer 17

Heart attack
all or part of blood supply to area of heart is blocked
heart muscle dies because of lack of oxygen

Question 18

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 18

heart fails to pump effectively due to damage
s/s-
edema
difficulty breathing
weight gain
treatment-
diet 
medication
fluid restriction

Question 19

Respiratory System

Answer 19

responsible for breathing

take oxygen from air & turn into carbon dioxide

Question 20

Larynx

Answer 20

voice box

Question 21

Trachea

Answer 21

Windpipe
has mucous membrane collect foreign particles
has cilia to move them up & out of body

Question 22

Lungs

Answer 22

organs covered by pleura that protects

Question 23

Parts of lungs

Answer 23

lft, rt bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 24

Changes in respiratory system due to aging

Answer 24

lung strength decreases
alveoli become less elastic & decrease in number
airways are stiff and less elastic
lung capacity decreases
ribcage changes & chest muscles are weaker
oxygen in blood decreases
voice weakens

Question 25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 25

chronic, progressive disease chronic bronchitis emphysema

Question 26

Bronchitis

Answer 26

inflammation of lining of bronchi acute (caused by infection) chronic (scarring of bronchi) long lasting mucous-y cough

Question 27

Emphysema

Answer 27

``` chronic condition where whales between alveoli become over-stretched s/s- shortness of breath coughing difficulty breathing ```

Question 28

S/S of COPD

Answer 28

``` coughing/wheezing dyspnea shortness of breath cyanosis chest pain/tightness confusion weakness weightloss or loss of appetite fear & anxiety CANNOT LAY FLAT ```

Question 29

Pneumonia

Answer 29

``` inflammation of lungs; air sacs fill with liquid viral bacterial fungal s/s- fever chest pain coughing difficulty breathing shortness of breath chills rapid pulse ```