Unit 5A:thinking And Learning

Question 0

Autistic thinking

Answer 0

Preoccupation with inner thoughts do you dreams fantasies private logic egocentric subjective thinking locking objectivity in connection with external reality

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating, and processing in understanding

Question 2

Directed thinking

Answer 2

Thinking toward a specific goal reasoning that draws inferences; problem-solving

Question 3

Reasoning

Answer 3

Logical process of an inductive or deductive nature use to draw conclusions from factor premise

Question 4

Deductive reasoning and

Answer 4

A decision making process word choices are made based upon the results of previous choices and the critical observation of the results. Drawing conclusions from a general statement

Question 5

Inductive reasoning and

Answer 5

A style of reasoning in which decisions are made and conclusions are reached by a process of analyzing available evidence and past experience. Making general inference from a specific observation

Question 6

Metacognition

Answer 6

The active thinking about thinking or the combination of cognition. It is the ability to control your own thoughts

Question 7

Concept

Answer 7

The mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. The way of organizing the world around us

Question 8

Types of concepts

Answer 8

Super ordinate: broad or large concepts such as food. Number two: basic: smaller or more specific concepts such as bread. Number three subordinate: even smaller and more specifics such as rye bread

Question 9

typicality

Answer 9

Exhibiting the qualities, traits, or characteristics that identify a kind, class, group, or category. The degree an object fits the concept

Question 10

Prototype

Answer 10

A mental image or best example of a category.

Question 11

Images

Answer 11

A mental concept that we create in our minds of the outside world. They can be visual, tactile I’ll, auditory, old factory, and taste

Question 12

Algorithms

Answer 12

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problems. Contrast of the usually speedier but also more error-prone use of heuristics

Question 13

Heuristic

Answer 13

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone then I’ll grill them as a heuristic is like a rule of thumb

Question 14

Representative heuristic

Answer 14

Judging the likelihood of stupid because how well it fits the Proto type

Question 15

Availability heuristic

Answer 15

Making a judgment on the availability of the memory

Question 16

Insight

Answer 16

A sudden and often I will realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions

Question 17

Convergent versus divergent thinking

Answer 17

Convergent thinking is logical and conventional thought that leads to a solution all divergent thinking is a thought process that uses thinking creatively

Question 18

Confirmation bias and implicit assumptions

Answer 18

The tendency for a person to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions. Implicit assumptions: people assume there are rules limiting what they can do when no such rule exists

Question 19

Fixation

Answer 19

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem-solving

Question 20

Mental set (Aka rigidity)

Answer 20

The tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially away that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving the new problem

Question 21

Functional fixedness

Answer 21

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem-solving

Question 22

Overconfidence

Answer 22

The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgments. People who are overconfident tend to be more happy

Question 23

Framing

Answer 23

The Wayne issue is supposed to; how many she was framed can significantly gently affect decisions and judgments for example 90% survival sounds better than 10% death

Question 24

Belief bias

Answer 24

The tendency for once pre-existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making in valid conclusion seem valid, or valid conclusion seen invalid. For example you’re more likely to accept something close and construction to your beliefs than what is opposed to them

Question 25

Belief perseverance

Answer 25

Clinging to one’s initial concepts after the bye basis on which they were formed has been discredited. Going into our ideas in the face of contrary evidence. Collazos’ religious mom

Question 26

Artificial intelligence

Answer 26

The science of designing and programming computer systems to do intelligent things and to simulate human thought processes, such as intuitive reasoning, learning, and understanding language

Question 27

Computer neural networks

Answer 27

Circuits that mimic the brains interconnected neural cells, performing tasks such as learning to recognize visual patterns and smells

Question 28

Language

Answer 28

How are spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combined them to communicate meaning. Infant start learning language in the womb because they hear it. 6.3% of US children are raised bilingual. There are 6800 spoken languages in the world: 250 out of the 6800 or spoken by more than 1 million people: 600 out of the 6800 have enough speakers to survive the century: 66% of children in the world are raised bilingual

Question 29

Language

Answer 29

Our spoken written or signed words and the ways we combined them to communicate meaning. There are 6800 spoken languages 250 or spoken by more than 1 million people 600 have enough speakers to survive the century 66% of children are raised bilingual 6.3% of US children are raised bilingual and infants start learning language in the womb

Question 30

The five key factors of language

Answer 30

Number one language is arbitrary number to the structure of language is additive number three has the multiplicity of structure number for languages productive member five languages dynamic

Question 31

For reasons to make a true language

Answer 31

One. Express physical, emotional, cognitive states to issue signals that can elicit a response from other individuals three describe concepts ideas and external states of affairs for has to comment on previous communications and past

Question 32

Phoneme

Answer 32

In the spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. There are 41 to 44 phonemes in English

Question 33

Morpheme

Answer 33

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meeting; maybe a word or part of the word such as a prefix

Question 34

Grammar

Answer 34

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Question 35

Semantics

Answer 35

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the city of meaning

Question 36

Syntax

Answer 36

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Question 37

Prosody

Answer 37

The patterns of stress and internation and language. Tone and inflection that is added to a language

Question 38

Cooing/babbling stage

Answer 38

Beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. They make phonemes they start to Babel household language at about 10 months

Question 39

One-word stage

Answer 39

The station speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single world they speak in holo phrases

Question 40

Holo phrase

Answer 40

Single words filled with meaning

Question 41

Overextension

Answer 41

Basic generalization of object or animals. A word represents more than the category where it is usually said for example a child to call their mother grandmother and the store clerk mama because in their minds female signifies mama

Question 42

To word stage

Answer 42

Beginning at about age to the stage and speech development during which a child speaks mostly to word statements is a telegraphic speech using nouns and verbs

Question 43

Overgeneralization

Answer 43

The extension of rules where they do not apply. Overusing grammatical rules such as I runned fast today

Question 44

Beyond the two word stage

Answer 44

Language grammar and vocabulary increased dramatically by three years old we know 1000 words and buy five years we understand complex sentences

Question 45

BF Skinner’s view

Answer 45

Believe that language can be explained with familiar learning principles such as association imitation and reinforcement falls in the category of nurture

Question 46

Cognitive and gnome Chomsky’s view

Answer 46

Believes that children have been in the way to learn language fall into the category of nature

Question 47

Language acquisition device

Answer 47

A hypothetical module of the human mind posited to an account for children’s in the predisposition for language acquisition. It enables infants to acquire and produce language rapidly

Question 48

Benjamin wharf

Answer 48

Documented the importance of language in shaping our innermost thoughts and feelings for documenting the strong connection between language and behavior

Question 49

Linguistic determinism hypothesis

Answer 49

Language we use controls are limits are thinking when Mr. Grasso said Dr. we all thought of mail but when he said nurse we all thought of the female

Question 50

Edward sappier and Benjamin worth

Answer 50

Saw different languages develop different ways of thinking